417
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Restoring Fiscal Balances Post the Global Economic Crisis in Botswana

References

  • Adam, C. S., & Bevan, D. L. (2005). Fiscal deficits and growth in developing countries. Journal of Public Economics, 89, 571–597. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.02.006
  • African Development Group. (2012). Middle income countries. Retrieved March 12, 2012, from www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/initiatives-partnerships/middle-income-countries/
  • Bakwena, F. (2011, April 14). Press release; status regarding salary negotiations on public service salaries for the year 2011/2012 between DPSM and five public service trade unions. Retrieved May 18, 2011, from www.gov.bw/Global/DPSM/press.pdf?epslanguage=en
  • Ball, L., & Mankiw, N. G. (1995). What do budget deficits do? Retrieved March 18, 2012, from www.kc.frb.org/PUBLICAT/SYMPOS/1995/pdf/s95manki.pdf
  • Barro, R. (1974). Are government bonds net wealth? Journal of Political Economy, 82(6), 1095–1117. doi:10.1086/260266
  • Barro, R. (1989). The Ricardian approach to budget deficits. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3(2), 37–54. doi:10.1257/jep.3.2.37
  • Bernheim, B. D. (1989). A neoclassical perspective on budget deficits. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3(2), 55–72. doi:10.1257/jep.3.2.55
  • BOPA (Botswana Press Agency). (1999a, May 17). Budget deficit has not impacted negatively on dev. projects. Daily News, p. 1.
  • BOPA. (1999b, December 17). Botswana economy projected better in next few years. Daily News, p. 1.
  • BOPA. (2011, October 11). Minister decries poor workmanship. Daily News, p. 1.
  • Boskin, M. J. (1982). Federal government deficits: Some myths and realities. American Economic Review, 72(2), 296–303.
  • Botlhale, E. K. (2011, June 15). IMF’s prescriptions; shooting the messenger? The Botswana Gazette, p. 15.
  • Bowen, W. G., Davis, R. G., & Kopf, D. H. (1960). The public debt: A burden on future generations. The American Economic Review, 50(4), 701–706.
  • Buchanan, J. M. (1958). Public principles of public debt. Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin.
  • Buchanan, J. M. (1967). Public finance in democratic process; fiscal institutions and the individual choice. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Buchanan, J. M. (1997). The balanced budget amendment: Clarifying the arguments. Public Choice, 90(1–4), 117–138. doi:10.1023/A:1004969320944
  • Buchanan, J. M., Rowley, C. K., & Tollison, R. D. (1986). Government by red ink. In J. M. Buchanan, C. K. Rowley, & R. D. Tollison (Eds.), Deficits (pp. 1–8). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
  • Buchanan, J. M., & Wagner, R. E. (1977). Democracy in deficit: The political legacy of Lord Keynes. (Vol. 8 of The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan). Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund.
  • Buiter, W. H. (1977). Crowding out and the effectiveness of fiscal policy. Journal of Public Economics, 7(3), 309–328. doi:10.1016/0047-2727(77)90052-4
  • Chiepe, G. (1973). Development in Botswana. African Affairs, 72(28), 319–322.
  • Dawn. (2012, March 2). EU signs balanced budget treaty. Dawn, p. 1. Retrieved from http://www.dawn.com/news/699670/eu-signs-balanced-budget-treaty
  • Edge, W. (1998). Botswana; a developmental state. In W. Edge & M. Lekorwe (Eds.), Botswana: Politics and society (pp. 333–348). Pretoria, South Africa: JL van Schaik.
  • Ferguson, J. M. (Ed.). (1964). Public debt & future generations. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.
  • Fischer, S. (1993). The role of macroeconomic factors in economic growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 32(3), 485–512. doi:10.1016/0304-3932(93)90027-D
  • Friedman, B. M. (1978). Crowding out or crowding in? The economic consequences of financing government deficits. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Friedman, M., & Schwartz, A. (1982). Monetary trends in the United States and United Kingdom. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Gaolathe, B. (2009). 2009/10 budget speech. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printing and Publishing Services.
  • Ghura, D., & Hadjimichael, M. (1996). Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
  • GoB. (2011, December 6). Botswana’s economy grows by 96 pct in Q2. Retrieved March 26, 2012, from www.gov.bw/en/Ministries–Authorities/Ministries/State-President/Office-of-the-President/Tools–Services/NewsPress-Releases/Botswanas-economy-grows-by-96-pct-in-Q2-CSO/
  • GoB (Government of Botswana). (2009, September 28). Government driven economy vulnerable, says President Khama. Retrieved March 20, 2012, from www.gov.bw/en/News/Government-driven-economy-vulnerable-says-President-Khama-/
  • Hatfield, J. W. (2010). Ricardian equivalence for local government bonds: A utility maximization approach. Economics Letters, 107(2), 148–151. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2010.01.009
  • IMF (International Monetary Fund). (2009). Botswana: 2009 article IV consultation—Staff report; Public information notice on the executive board discussion. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
  • IMF. (2010). IMF executive board concludes 2010 article IV consultation with Botswana. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
  • IMF. (2011, May 31). Statement at the conclusion of an IMF mission to Botswana press release no. 11/206. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
  • Index Mundi. (2015). Botswana consumer price index. Retrieved June 11, 2015, from http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/botswana/consumer-price-index
  • Jefferis, K. (1998). Botswana and diamond-dependent development. In W. A. Edge & M. Lekorwe (Eds.), Botswana: Politics and society (pp. 301–332). Pretoria, South Africa: JL van Schaik.
  • Jefferis, K. (2008, June 11). Why Botswana’s credit rating is better than Japan; a brief economic history. Proceedings of the Botswana Economic Forum conference, Gaborone International Conference Centre, Gaborone, Botswana, pp. 1–20.
  • Kedikilwe, P. H. K. (2009, May 1). May Day Summit; challenges faced by mining companies in Botswana in the current economic crisis and the impact on the workers’ job security. Retrieved June 8, 2015, from http://www.gov.bw/Global/MMWER/workers%20summit.pdf
  • Keho, Y. (2010). Budget deficits and economic growth: Causality evidence and policy implications for WAEMU countries. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 18, 99–104.
  • Keynes, J. M. (1936). The general theory of employment, interest and money. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace.
  • Khama, I. (2009, October 22). 2009 Inauguration address. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printer.
  • Khama, I. (2011). 2011 state of the Nation address. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printer.
  • Khama, I. (2014). 2014 state of the Nation address. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printer.
  • Khunwane, T. (2011, May 20). Govt cannot afford salary increase. Daily News, p. 1.
  • Kishtainy, N. (2014). Economics in minutes: 200 key concepts explained in an instant. London, UK: Quercus.
  • Kneller, R., Bleaney, M., & Gemmell, N. (2000). Fiscal policy and growth: Evidence from OECD countries. Journal of Public Economics, 74(2), 171–190. doi:10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00022-5
  • Leith, J. C. (2005). Why Botswana prospered? London, UK: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Lucas, R. E. (1976). Econometric policy evaluation: A critique. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 1, 19–46. doi:10.1016/S0167-2231(76)80003-6
  • Makgapha, S. (2011, January 26). Public sector unions want 16% salary hike. The Botswana Gazette, p. 1.
  • Matambo, K. (2010). 2010/11 budget speech. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printing and Publishing Services.
  • Matambo, K. (2011). 2011/10 budget speech. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printing and Publishing Services.
  • Matambo, K. (2012). 2012/13 budget speech. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printing and Publishing Services.
  • Matambo, K. (2013). 2013/14 budget speech. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printing and Publishing Services.
  • Matambo, K. (2014). 2014/15 budget speech. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printing and Publishing Services.
  • Matambo, K. (2015). 2015/16 budget speech. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printing and Publishing Services.
  • Matambo, K. (2016). 2016/17 budget speech. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printing and Publishing Services.
  • MFDP (Ministry of Finance and Development Planning). (2009). Public Finance Management Reform (PFM) programme. Gaborone, Botswana: MFDP.
  • MFDP. (2010). 2011/12 budget strategy paper. Gaborone, Botswana: MFDP.
  • MFDP. (2011a). 2012/13 budget strategy paper. Gaborone, Botswana: MFDP.
  • MFDP. (2011b). 2011 revenue pitso. Gaborone, Botswana: MFDP.
  • Mmegi. (2006, October 13). Mogae takes diamonds for development campaign to the US capital. Mmegi, p. 1.
  • Mmegi. (2011, May 20). President addresses HLCC on strike. Mmegi, p. 1.
  • MTI (Ministry of Trade and Industry). (2011). EDD. Retrieved March 12, 2012, from www.gov.bw/en/Ministries–Authorities/Ministries/Ministry-of-Trade-and-Industry-MTI/Tools–Services/Services–Forms/Economic-Diversification-Drive/
  • Munger, E. (1965). Botswana: Pan African outpost or Bantu homeland? Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Muth, J. (1961). Rational expectations and the theory of price movements. Econometrica, 29(3), 315–335. doi:10.2307/1909635
  • Nelson, M., & Singh, R. (1994). The deficit-growth connection: Some recent evidence from developing countries. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 43(1), 167–191. doi:10.1086/452140
  • Paiko, I. I. (2012). Deficit financing and its implication on private sector investment: The Nigerian experience. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter), 1(10), 45–62. doi:10.12816/0002187
  • Ramokopelwa, K. (2010, August 27). World Bank calls for efficient budget system. Botswana Guardian, p. 1.
  • RoB (Republic of Botswana). (2005). Stock, bonds and treasury bills act. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printing and Publishing Services.
  • RoB. (2009). Public financial management performance assessment report final report. Retrieved May 10, 2011, from ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/economic-support/public-finance/documents/botswana_pe fa_report__en.pdf
  • RoB. (2010, August 16). Signs of economic recovery visible. Retrieved March 26, 2011, from www.gov.bw/en/News/Signs-of-recovery-visible-
  • RoB. (2013). Public finance management act. Gaborone, Botswana: Government Printing and Publishing Services.
  • Rowley, C. K. (1986). The legacy of Keynes; from the general theory to generalised budget deficits. In J. M. Buchanan, C. K. Rowley, & R. D. Tollison (Eds.), Deficits (pp. 143–172). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
  • Rowley, C. K., Shughart, W. F., II, & Tollison, R. D. (2002). Introduction. In C. K. Rowley, W. F. Shughart, II & R. D. Tollison (Eds.), The economics of budget deficits (Vol. 1, pp. xiii–xlvii). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
  • Sargent, T. J. (2002). Rational expectations. The concise encyclopaedia of economics. Retrieved June 10, 2015, from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/RationalExpectations.html.
  • Shaviro, D. (1997). Do deficits matter? Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Singh, J. (2015). 3 Types of budget deficits and their measures. Retrieved June 11, 2015, from http://www.economicsdiscussion.net/budget/3-types-of-budget-deficits-and-their-measures-micro-economics/753
  • Sultan, J. (1994). Trade deficit announcements and exchange rate volatility: Evidence from the spot and futures markets. Journal of Futures Markets, 14(4), 379–404. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9934
  • The Voice. (2011, May 27). Iron man Khama talks tough. The Voice, p. 1.
  • Thornton, D. L. (1990). Do government deficits matter? Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, 72(5), 25–39.
  • Thurow, L. (1985). Budget deficits. In L. Thurow & D. Bell (Eds.), The deficits: How big? How long? How dangerous? (pp. 91–142). New York, NY: New York University Press.
  • Tobin, J. (2008). Monetary policy. In The concise encyclopaedia of economics (2nd ed.). Retrieved June 11, 2015, from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/MonetaryPolicy.html
  • Tsie, B. (1998). The state and development policy in Botswana. In R. K. Hope & G. Somolekae (Eds.), Public administration and policy in Botswana (pp. 1–20). Cape Town, South Africa: Juta & Company.
  • UNECA (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa). (2011). Governing development in Africa; the role of the state in economic transformation. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: UNECA.
  • Ussher, L. J. (1998). Do budget deficits raise interest rates? A survey of the empirical literature (Transformational Growth and Full Employment Project, Working Paper, No.3). Retrieved March 26, 2012, from www.qc-econ-bba.org/RePEc/pdf/0005.pdf

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.