References
- Carrell , Jeptha J. 1962 . The City Manager and His Council: Sources of Conflict . Public Administration Review , 23 March/April : 203 – 208 .
- White , Leonard D. 1927 . The City Manager , Chicago : The University Press . For a discussion of the municipal reform movement and the city manager Ridley, Clarence E. The Role of the City Manager in Policy Formulation The International City Management Association, Chicago, 1958
- Winters , William O. 1969 . The Urban Politics , New York : Dodd, Meade, and Company . Changes in city managers roles we discussed by numerous authors including Kammerer, Gladys, “Role Diversity of City Managers” Administrative Science Quarterly, 8 (June, 1964): 420-442
- Loveridge and City , Ronald O. 1966 . Managers in Legislative Politics , New York City : The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc. .
- Almy , Timothy . 1965 . Local/Cosopolitan and U.S. City Managers . Urban Affairs Quarterly , 10 March : 243 – 272 .
- The random sample of city managers was taken originally to test whether there was a significant difference between the responses of managers nominated as being effective and the “average” Texas city manager. Statistical tests showed no significant difference between the two groups, so responses were combined to test the propositions presented in this paper.
- The random sample managers were sampled only by mail paper and pencil questionnaires. The twenty-two nominated managers completed both the written instruments and in depth personal interviews.
- The seventy city council members completed only paper and pencil instruments. Comparisons were made between their responses and those of each of the two city manager groups with similar results.
- Inteview subjects were guaranteed amenity, so quotes can not be identified. All quotes are from the interviews discussed in the paper which occurred in November, 1979 through January, 1980. Each quote noted in this paper are from different managers.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.