References
- Development administration was first used in the 1950s. It denotes a system of public administration intended to implement socio-economic policies designed to facilitate domestic development. In turn, development must ultimately be seen, as the enhancement of the possibilities of individual self-actualization, despite the continuing difficulties of measurement.
- Katz , David and Kahn , Robert L. 1978 . The Social Psychology of Organizations , New York : John Wiley and Sons . As open systems theorists such as Robert Katz and David Kahn have commented, such an approach is predicated upon a dynamic process of identifying and mapping the repeated cycles of input, transformation, output, and renewed input which comprise the organizational pattern. However, our use of systems terminology is by no means intended to be deterministic. In any open systems model, managerial subsystems are necessary for the direction, adjudication and control of the adaptive subsystems of the organizational structure
- The Whitehall-Westminster model of government, which was constructed upon classic bureaucratic principles, emphasizes a strong respect for precedent and for generalist rather than technically oriented public managers. Such managers might be trained eventually as a reward for long service, rather than as a result of a recognized need for effective administrators and ‘change agents’, able to contribute to the development process.
- Jones , Edwin . 1975 . Tendencies and Change in Caribbean Administrative Systems . Social and Economic Studies , 24 June : 240 – 256 .
- Manley , Michael . 1974 . The Politics of Change: A Jamaican Testament , London : Andre Deutsch .
- National Planning Agency . 1977 . Emergency Production Plan, Five Year Development Plan, 1978, Volume II , Kingston, Jamaica : Government Printer .
- Clarke , Edith . 1957 . My Mother Who Fathered Me , London : George Allen & Unwin . for a still relevant commentary on the socio-economic importance of the employment of women in Jamaica
- General Directorate, Organization of American States . 1976 . OASIS - Rural settlement and Youth Training in Jamaica: The Pilot Project , Washington, D.C. : Program of Social. Development and Department of Educational Affairs (Jamaica), OAS .
- US$1.00 = J$1.78 at the official rate of exchange (February 1983).
- Clarke , Edith . 1957 . On the family pattern in Jamaica, Smith, M. G., 1965, Comitas & Lowenthal, 1973 and Roberts & Sinclair, 1978
- Comitas , Lambros . 1973 . “ Multiple Occupations in Rural Jamaica ” . In Work and Family Life: A West Indian Perspective , Edited by: Comitas , Lambros and Lowenthal , David . New York : Anchor Books . For a comprehensive discussion of this issue
- Ninety more settlers were recruited at the beginning of 1982. However, our analysis will not deal in any substantive manner with the post-1980 period.
- Riggs , Fred W. 1970 . Frontiers of Development Administration , Durham, North Carolina : Duke University Press . The connotations of formalism are developed, Riggs, Fred W., Administration in Developing Countries: The Theory of Primatic Society, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1964
- Cleaves , Peter S. 1980 . Politics and Policy Implementation in the Third World , Edited by: Grindle , Merle S. Princeton University Press .
- Hirschman , Albert O. 1967 . Development Projects Observed , Washington, D.C. : Brookings Institute .
- Wrapp , E. and Harrison , R. 1975 . Harvard Business Review , Harper and Row . in the President & Fellows of Harvard College
- Waterston , Albert . 1969 . Development Planning: Lessons of Experience , Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press .
- Pressman , Jeffrey and Wildavsky , Aaron B. 1973 . Implementation: How Great Expectations in Washington are Dashed in Oakland: Or Why It's Amazing That Federal Programs Work At All , Berkeley and Los Angeles : University of California Press . The point is that in a less dense policy environment, implementation ought prima facie to be relatively less problematic