Organizational position and program implementation

References

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• Sabatier , Paul and Mazmanian , Daniel . 1980 . The Implementation of Public Policy: A Framework of Analysis . Policy Studies Journal , 8 ( 4 ) : 538 – 560 . For useful lists of variables, see Mazmanian, Daniel A. and Sabatier, Paul A. Implementation and Public Policy, Glenview, Illinois, Scott, Foresman and Company, 1983; Van Horn, Charles and Van Meter, Donald. “The Implementation of Intergovernmental Policy” in Jones, Charles O. and Thomas, Robert (eds.) Public Policy Making in the Federal System, Vol. III of Sage Yearbook in Politics and Public Policy, Beverly Hills, California, Sage, 1976; and Bullock, Charles S., III and Lamb, Charles M. Implementation of Civil Rights Policy, Belmont, California, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1984
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• Moore , John , ed. 1981 . The Comprehensive Community Energy Management Program: An Evaluation , Argonne, Illinois : Argonne National Laboratory . Examples areand Randolph, John. “Implementation of Community Energy Plans and Programs,” in National Association of Counties and National League of Cities (ed.). Community Energy Strategies, Washington, D.C., National Association of Counties, 1982: 3-25
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• Cigler , Beverly A. 1983 . “ Implementing Community Energy Management Strategies ” . In The Social Constraints of Energy Policy Implementation , Edited by: Neiman , Max and Burt , Barbara J. 155 – 170 . Lexington, Massachusetts : Lexington Books . and Cigler, Beverly A. “Capacity-Building Policy for Local Energy Management,” in Honadle, Beth Walter and Howitt, Arnold M. Perspectives on Capacity-Building , Albany, New York, SUNY Press, 1986: 286-311
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• Cigler , Beverly A. 1983 . “ Implementing Community Energy Management Strategie ” . In The Social Constraints of Energy Policy Implementation , Edited by: Neiman , Max and Burt , Barbara J. 155 – 170 . Lexington, Massachusetts : Lexington Books . Empirical findings are best summarized in A review of energy capacity building and changes in strategies developed from the research is found in: Cigler, Beverly A. “Capacity-Building Policy for Local Energy Management,” in Honadle, Beth Walter and Howitt, Arnold M. Perspectives on Capacity-Building , Albany, New York, SUNY Press, 1986: 286-311. The possibilities for local energy programs are discussed in: Cigler, Beverly A. “Intergovernmental Roles in Local Energy Conservation: A Research Frontier,” Policy Studies Review 1, (May 1982): 761-776 and Cigler, Beverly A. “Directions in Local Energy Policy and Management,” The Urban Interest 2 (Fall 1980): 34-42
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• Cigler , Beverly A. 1981 . Organizing for Local Energy Management: Early Lessons . Public Administration Review , 41 July/August : 470 – 479 . The 1983 and 1986 summary works (see note 25) review the empirical findings. The first study was That research was conducted only on large cities and just as energy programs were beginning. Those findings cannot be used to characterize the trends found across many studies and sizes of government which used several types of respondents, including managers and administrators, as well as energy coordinators
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• Hudson , Steve . August 1980 . “ An Assessment of Local Government Energy Management Activities ” . In Urban Data Service Reports , Vol. 12 , August , Washington, D.C. : International City Management Association . 8
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• The 1986 research, for example, found that only 13 communities (20 percent) had energy budgets for government departments; 5 (8 percent) had citizen advisory groups, and 16 (25 percent) quantified their energy efforts. Fiftyfive percent (N=35) did have conservation guidelines and 31 percent (N=20) had tried to measure energy savings. Overall, then, the program commitment for those communities, the same communities included in the research reported here, is low. However, the activity levels represent an increase in activity over previous levels for the same communities, as reported in the 1981 Project findings. Still, the “comprehensiveness” envisioned by capacitybuilders is not evident for most communities
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