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Original Articles

State budgeting: current conditions and future trends

Pages 1067-1096 | Published online: 26 Jun 2007

References

  • National Conference of State Legislatures . 1988 . Legislative Budget Procedures in the 50 States: A Guide to Appropriations and Budget Processes , 84 – 85 . Denver : National Conference of State Legislatures .
  • National Association of State Budget Officer . 1989 . Budget Processes in the States , 13 Washington : National Association of State Budget Officers .
  • National Conference of State Legislatures . op. cit. , 49 – 59 .
  • Sharkansky , Ira . 1968 . Agency Requests, Gubernatorial Support and Budget Success in State Legislatures . American Political Science Review , 62 December : 1220 – 1231 . and Thompson, Joel A. “Agency Requests, Gubernatorial Suppprt and Budget Success in State Legislatures Revisited.” The Journal of Politics 49 (August 1987): 756-779
  • Regens , James L. and Lauth , Thomas P. 1992 . Buy Now, Pay Later: Trends in State Indebtedness, 1950-89 . Public Administration Review , 52 forthcoming
  • Lee , Robert D. Jr. and Staffeldt , Raymond J. 1977 . Executive and Legislative Use of Policy Analysis in the State Budgetary Process: Survey Results . Policy Analysis , 3 : 394 – 405 . Summer and Lee, Robert D., Jr. “Developments in State Budgeting: Trends of Two Decades.” Public Administration Review 51 (May/June 1991): 254-262
  • Lauth , Thomas P. 1978 . Zero-Base Budgeting in Georgia State Government: Myth and Reality . Public Administration Review , 38 September/ October : 420 – 430 . and Lauth, Thomas P. and Reick, Stephen C. “Modifications in Georgia Zero-Base Budgeting Procedures: 1973-1980.” Midwest Review of Public Administration 13 (December 1979): 225-238
  • Lauth , Thomas P. 1985 . Performance Evaluation in the Georgia Budgetary Process . Public Budgeting and Finance , 5 : 67 – 82 . Spring
  • Gosling , James J. 1991 . Budgetary Politics in American Governments , 109 New York : Longman .
  • Ibid., pp. 108-109.
  • National Governors Association and National Association of State Budget Officers . October 1991 . Fiscal Survey of the States , October , ix – 1 . Washington : National Governors Association and National Association of State Budget Officers .
  • Gold , Steven D. 1987 . Developments in State Finances, 1983-86 . Public Budgeting and Finance , 7 : 16 Spring and National Conference of State Legislatures, The Fiscal Newsletter, 13 (September/October 1991): 11
  • Gold, Ibid., pp. 5-23.
  • Mikesell , John L. and Zorn , C. Kurt. 1986 . State Lotteries as Fiscal Savior or Fiscal Fraud: A Look at the Evidence . Public Administration Review , 46 July/August : 311 – 320 . and Mikesell, John L. and Zorn, C. Kurt. “State Lotteries for Public Revenue.” Public Budgeting and Finance 8 (Spring 1988): 38-47
  • Hackbart , Merl M. and Leighland , James . 1990 . State Debt Management Policy: A National Survey . Public Budgeting and Finance , 10 : 37 Spring
  • Mikesell , John L. 1991 . Fiscal Administration: Analyses and Applications for the Public Sector , 3rd , 402 Pacific Grove, CA : Brooks/Cole Publishing Company .
  • Hackbart and Leigland . 1991 . op. cit. , : 41
  • Hackbart and Leigland have reported that in 1977 full faith and credit debt was approximately equal to non-guaranteed debt, but by 1987 the amount of non-guaranteed debt was nearly three times the total of full faith and credit debt. Ibid., p. 38.
  • Gosling , James J. 1991 . Patterns of Stability and Change in Gubernatorial Policy Agendas . State and Local Government Review , 23 : 3 – 12 . Winter
  • Schick , Allen . 1971 . Budget Innovations in the States , Washington : Brookings Institution .
  • Abney , Glenn and Lauth , Thomas P. 1989 . The Executive Budget in the States: Normative Idea and Empirical Observation . Policy Studies Journal , 17 : 829 – 840 . Summer
  • Abney , Glenn and Lauth , Thomas P. 1983 . The Governor as Chief Administrator . Public Administration Review , 43 January/February : 40 – 49 . Bernick, E. Lee. “Gubernatorial Tools: Formal vs. Informal.” The Journal of Politics 41 (1979): 656-664; Byle, Thad L. “The Governor's Formal Powers: A View From the Governor's Chair.” Public Administration Review 28 (1968): 540-545; Dometrius, Nelson C. “The Efficacy of a Governor's Formal Powers.” State Government 52 (1979): 121-125; and Morgan, David R. “Assessing Changes in Gubernatorial Power.” International Journal of Public Administration 5 (1983): 419-433
  • Abney , Glenn and Lauth , Thomas P. 1987 . Perceptions of the Impact of Governors and Legislatures in the State Appropriations Process . Western Political Quarterly , 40 June : 335 – 342 . and Abney, Glenn and Lauth, Thomas P. “The Executive Budget in the States: Normative Idea and Empirical Observation.” Policy Studies Journal 17 (Summer 1989): 829-840
  • Clynch , Edward J. and Lauth , Thomas P. , eds. 1991 . GovernorsLegislatures, and Budgets: Diversity Across the American States , Westport, CT : Greenwood Press .
  • Abney , Glenn and Lauth , Thomas P. 1988 . Parochialism in the State Appropriations Process . State and Local Government Review , 20 : 113 – 118 . Fall
  • Abney , Glenn and Lauth , Thomas P. 1985 . The Line-Item Veto in the States . Public Administration Review , 45 May/June : 372 – 377 . Gosling, James J. “Wisconsin Item-Veto Lessons.” Public Administration Review 46 (July/August 1986): 292-300; and Nice, David C. “The Item Veto and Expenditure Restraint.” The Journal of Politics 50 (May 1988): 487-499
  • Nice . Loc. cit ,
  • Abney and Lauth . 1985 . op. cit , : 377
  • Anton , Thomas J. 1967 . Roles and Symbols in the Determination of State Expenditures . Midwest Journal of Political Science , 11 February : 27 – 34 . Sharkansky, Loc. cit.; Sharkansky, Ira and Turnbull, Augustus B., III. “Budget Making in Georgia and Wisconsin.” Midwest Journal of Political Science 13 (November 1969): 631-645; and Thompson, Loc. cit
  • Straussman , Jeffrey D. 1986 . Courts and Public Purse Strings: Have Portraits of Budgeting Missed Something? . Public Administration Review , 46 July/August : 345 – 351 .
  • Harriman , Linda and Straussman , Jeffrey D. 1983 . Do Judges Determine Budget Decisions? Federal Court Decisions in Prison Reform and State Spending for Corrections . Public Administration Review , 43 July/August : 343 – 351 .
  • Hale , George E. November1979 . The Federal Courts and the State Budget Process . Administration and Society , 11 : 357 – 368 .
  • Straussman . Loc. cit. ,
  • Schick . Loc. cit. ,
  • Gosling , James J. 1987 . The State Budget Office and Policy Making . Public Budgeting and Finance , 7 : 51 – 65 . Spring
  • Ibid., p. 59.
  • Duncombe , Sydney and Kinney , Richard . 1987 . Agency Budget Success: How It Is Defined by Budget Officials in Five Western States . Public Budgeting and Finance , 7 : 24 – 37 . Spring and Duncombe, Sydney and Kinney, Richard. “The Politics of State Appropriations Increases: The Perspective of Budget Officers in Five Western States.” State Government 59 (September/October 1986): 113-123
  • Sharkansky . Loc. cit , Sharkansky and Turnbull, Loc. cit.; and Thompson, Loc. cit
  • Duncombe and Kinney . op. cit , 115
  • Abney , Glenn and Lauth , Thomas P. 1992 . Determinants of State Agency Budget Success . Public Budgeting and Financial Management , forthcoming
  • Willoughby , Katherine G. 1991 . Decision Making Orientations of State Government Budget Analysts: Rationalists or Incrementalists? . Public Budgeting and Financial Management , forthcoming
  • Hale , George E. 1977 . Executive Leadership Versus Budgetary Behavior . Administration and Society , 9 August : 169 – 190 .
  • Howard , S. Kenneth. 1973 . Changing State Budgeting , Lexington, KY : Council of State Governments .
  • Lee , Robert D. Jr. and Staffeldt , Raymond, J. 1976 . Educational Characteristics of State Budget Office Personnel . Public Administration Review , 36 July/August : 424 – 428 .
  • Skok , James E. 1980 . Budgetary Politics and Decision-Making: Development of an Alternative Hypothesis for State Government . Administration and Society , 11 February : 445 – 460 .
  • Sallack , David and Allen , David N. 1987 . From Impact to Output: Pennsylvania's Planning-Programming and Budgeting System in Transition . Public Budgeting and Finance , 7 : 38 – 50 . Spring
  • Lauth . 1978 . Loc. cit , and Lauth and Reick, Loc. cit
  • Duncombe , Sydney , Andreason , John and Seale , Lawrence . 1981 . Zero-Base Budgeting in Idaho: An Evaluation After Five Years . Government Accountants Journal , 30 : 24 – 35 . Summer See also: LaFever, John D. “Zero-Base Budgeting in New Mexico.” State Government (Spring 1974): 108-112; Scheiring, Michael J. “Zero-Base Budgeting in New Jersey.” State Government (Summer 1976): 174-179; and Schwartz, Bill N. “Zero-Base Budgeting in Arizona State Government.” Government Accountants Journal 30 (Winter 1980-81): 39-46
  • Botner , Stanley B. 1985 . The Use of Budget/Management Tools by State Governments . Public Administration Review , 54 September/October : 616 – 620 . and Botner, Stanley B. “Microcomputers in State Central Budget Offices.” Public Budgeting and Finance 7 (Autumn 1987): 99-108
  • Stevens , John M. and Lee , Robert D. Jr. 1981 . Patterns of Policy Analysis for State Governments: A Contingency and Demand Perspective . Public Administration Review , 41 November/December : 636 – 644 . Lee, Loc. cit. See also: Lee and Staffeldt, Loc. cit
  • Connelly , Michael and Tompkins , Gary L. 1989 . Does Performance Matter? A Study of State Budgeting . Policy Studies Review , 8 : 288 – 299 . Winter
  • Lauth , Thomas P. 1987 . Budgeting and Productivity in State Government: Not Integrated but Friendly . Public Productivity Review , 41 : 21 – 32 . Spring Lauth (1985), Loc. cit.
  • Lee . Loc. cit ,
  • Lee , Robert D. Jr. 1991 . Educational Characteristics of Budget Office Personnel and State Budgetary Processes . Public Budgeting and Finance , : 69 – 79 . Fall See also Lee and Staffeldt, Loc. cit
  • Lee , Robert D. Jr. and Johnson , Ronald W. 1989 . Public Budgeting Systems , 4th , Rockville, MD : Aspen Publishers . See above references and the following:McCaffery, Jerry “Budget Reform: the Path to Reform of Process.” International Journal of Public Administration 7 (1985): 402-423; Mosher, Frederick C. “Limitations and Problems of PPBS in the States.” Public Administration Review 29 (March/April 1964): 395-405; National Association of State Budget Officers Research Committee. A Survey of Budgetary Reform in Five States, Council of State Governments, Lexington, KY, 1973; Ramsey, James and Hackbart, Merlin M. Innovations in State Budgeting, Center for Public Affairs, College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 1977; Ramsey, James R. and Hackbart, Merlin M. “Impacts of Budget Reform: The Budget Office Perspective.” State and Local Government Review 14 (January 1982): 10-15; and Woolridge, Blue and Alpert, Claire L. “Identifying Obstacles to the Implementation of Budgetary Reform in Government.” Government Accountants Journal 32 (Summer 1983): 48-54
  • Polivka , Larry and Osterholt , B. Jack . 1985 . The Governor as Manager . Public Budgeting and Finance , 5 : 91 – 104 . Winter
  • National Conference of State Legislatures . 1991 . The Fiscal Newsletter , 13 September/October : 1 – 11 .
  • National Conference of State Legislatures . 1991 . The Fiscal Newsletter , 13 September/October : 1
  • The simplicity of this behavior reminds one of the crook who, when asked why he robbed banks, responded, “That's where the money is
  • Balutis , Alan P. and Butler , Daron K. , eds. 1975 . The Political Pursestrings: The Role of the Legislature in the Budgeting Process , New York : John Wiley . and Clynch and Lauth, Loc. cit

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