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International Journal of Public Administration Volume 22, 1999 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

After the fall of the soviet union: the changing status of local governments in the republic of latvia

Dr. Edvins Vanags Department of Local Government, The University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia, 30 Barona Street LV-1011
,
Dr. Howard R. Balanoff Political Science Department, Southwest Texas State University, 78666, Texas, 601 University Drive San Marcos
&
John F. Lauletta Jr. The Public Service Academy, Southwest Texas State University, 78666, Texas, 601 University Drive San Marcos
Pages 135-169 | Published online: 26 Jun 2007

References

  • State Committee of the Republic of Latvia . 1993 . Latvia Today 1992 7 Riga , Latvia
  • Ibid., p. 9.
  • Ibid., p. 10.
  • Arlinka , Ilze . 1992 . Nationalists Win Latvian Municipal Elections . Baltic Observer , June 2 : 1
  • Vanagunas , Stanley . July 17-21 1993 . Reforming Socialist Public Administration: The Case of Lithuania , July 17-21 , 16 San Francisco , California : Proclamation of ASPA/CASU 54th National Training Conference .
  • Guess , George M. A Strategy of Budgetary Transformation for Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Republics . Proclamation of ASPA/CASU 54th National Training Conference . July 17-21 . pp. 4 San Francisco , California
  • Grava , Sigurd . 1993 . The Urban Heritage of the Soviet Regime: The Case of Riga, Latvia . Journal of the American Planning Association , 59 : 26 Winter
  • Winiecki , Jan . 1991 . Resistance to Change in the Soviet Economic System: A Property Rights Approach , 7 New York , New York : Routledge .
  • Grava, Sigurd. Ibid.
  • Voslensky , Michael . 1984 . Nomenklatura: The Soviet Ruling Class , 72 Garden City , New York : Doubleday .
  • Guess, George M. Ibid., p. 26.
  • Grava, Sigurd. Ibid., p. 10.
  • Guess, George M. Ibid.
  • Ibid., p. 12.
  • Ibid., pp. 12-13.
  • Grava, Sigurd. Ibid.
  • Vanagunas, Stanley. Ibid., p. 8.
  • Vanags , Edvins . Local Government Reform in Latvia . 14th Conference on Baltic Studies . June 8-11 . pp. 8 Chicago , Illinois
  • American Embassy Riga . July 22 1993 . United States Seed Act: Assistance Strategy for Latvia July 22 , 17 Riga , Latvia
  • State Committee for Statistics of the Republic of Latvia. Ibid., p. 27.
  • Ibid.
  • Vanags, Edvins. Ibid.., p. 20.
  • Ibid., p. 22.
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid., p. 29.
  • Ibid., p. 31.
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid., p. 32.
  • Grava, Sigurd. Ibid., pp. 10-11.
  • Ibid., p. 11.
  • Ibid.
  • bid., pp. 11-12.
  • Ibid., p. 12.
  • Lieven , Anatol . 1993 . The Baltic Revolution: EstoniaLatviaLithuania and the Path to Independence , 183 – 184 . New Haven , Connecticut : Yale University Press .
  • Grava, Sigurd. Ibid.
  • Vanags, Edvins. Ibid., p. 15.
  • State Committee for Statistics of the Republic of Latvia . 1993 . Latvia Today 1992 7 Riga , Latvia
  • State Committee for Statistics of the Republic of Latvia . 1993 . Latvia in Figures 87 – 13 . Riga , Latvia
  • American Embassy Riga. Ibid., p. 19.
  • Ibid., pp. 19-20.
  • World Bank . June 9 1995 . Latvia: Local Government Expenditures and Resource Transfers June 9 , 4
  • Guess, George M. Ibid., pp. 13-14.
  • Republic of Latvia . May 1994 . Local Self Government Reform in Latvia , May 1994 , Riga , Latvia : Ministry of Reform . Appendix 6
  • Central Statistics Bureau of Latvia . 1995 . Latvia in Figures 1995 Riga , Latvia
  • Vanags, Edvins. Ibid., p. 42.
  • Ibid., pp. 13-16.
  • Vanags, Edvins. Ibid., p. 41.
  • Ibid., p. 42.

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