Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Tolerance of Rosa multiflora cv. Burr to Bicarbonate in Irrigation Water

REFERENCES

• Alcántara , E. , Romera , F. J. and de la Guardia , M. D. 1988 . Genotypic difference in bicarbonate-induced iron chlorosis in sunflower . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 11 : 65 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhendawi , R. A. , Römheld , V. , Kirkby , E. A. and Marschner , H. 1997 . Influence of increasing bicarbonate concentration on plant growth, organic acid accumulation in roots and iron uptake by barley, sorghum, and maize . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 20 : 1731 – 1753 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Karaki , G. N. , Al-Raddad , A. and Clark , R. B. 1998 . Water stress and mycorrhizal isolate effects on growth and nutrient acquisition of wheat . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 21 : 891 – 902 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Karaki , G. N. and Clark , R. B. 1998 . Growth, mineral acquisition, and water use by mycorrhizal wheat grown under water stress . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 21 : 263 – 276 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augé , R. M. 2001 . Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis . Mycorrhiza , 11 : 3 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagyaraj , D. J. , Manjunath , A. and Govinda Rao , Y. S. 1988 . Mycorrhizal inoculation effect on marigold, eggplant and citrus in Indian soil . Journal of Soil Biology & Ecology , 8 : 98 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Bianciotto , V. and Bonfante , P. 2002 . Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: A specialized niche for rhizospheric and endocellular bacteria . Antonie van Leeuwenhoek , 81 : 365 – 371 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biermann , B. and Linderman , R. G. 1981 . Quantifying vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae: A proposed method towards standardization . New Phytologist , 87 : 63 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolan , N. S. 1991 . A critical review on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus by plants . Plant and Soil , 134 : 189 – 207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brüggemann , W. and Moog , P. R. 1989 . NADH-dependant Fe3 + EDTA and oxygen reduction by plasma membrane vesicles from barley roots . Physiologia Plantarum , 75 : 245 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brundrett , M. , Bougher , N. , Dell , B. , Grove , T. and Malajczuk , N. 1996 . Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture , Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, , Australia : Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research .
   Google Scholar
• Cabrera , R. I. 2003 . “ Mineral nutrition ” . In Encyclopedia of rose science Vol. 2 , Edited by: Roberts , A. , Debener , T. and Gudin , S. 573 – 580 . Amsterdam, , Netherlands : Elsevier Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Caris , C. , Hördt , W. , Hawkins , H-J. , Römheld , V. and George , E. 1998 . Studies of iron transport by arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae from soil to peanut and sorghum plants . Mycorrhiza , 8 : 35 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrillo-Castañeda , G. , Muñoz , J. J. , Peralta-Videa , J. R. , Gomez , E. and Gardea-Torresdey , J. L. 2003 . Plant growth-promoting bacteria promote copper and iron translocation from root to shoot in alfalfa seedlings . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 26 : 1801 – 1814 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamizo , A. , Ferrera-Cerrato , R. and Varela , L. 1998 . Identificación de especies de un consorico del genero Glomus . Revista Mexicana Micología , 14 : 37 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , R. B. and Zeto , S. K. 2000 . Mineral acquisition by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 23 : 867 – 902 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , R. B. , Zobel , R. W. and Zeto , S. K. 1999 . Effects of mycorrhizal fungus isolates on mineral acquisition by Panicum virgatum in acidic soil . Mycorrhiza , 9 : 167 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowart , R. E. 2002 . Reduction of iron by extracellular iron reductases: Implications for microbial iron acquisition . Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics , 400 : 273 – 281 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cress , W. A. , Johnson , G. V. and Barton , L. L. 1986 . The role of endomycorrhizal fungi in iron uptake by Hilaria jamesii . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 9 : 547 – 556 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , F. T. Jr. 1987 . Effects of VA-mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nutrient uptake of cuttings of Rosa multiflora in two container media with three levels of fertilizer application . Plant and Soil , 104 : 31 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , F. T. Jr. , Castro-Jimenez , Y. and Duray , S. A. 1987 . Mycorrhiza, soil amendments, water relations and growth of Rosa multiflora under reduced irrigation regimes . Scientia Horticulturae , 33 : 261 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dela Guardia , M. D. and Alcántara , E. 2002 . Bicarbonate and low iron level increase root to total plant weight ratio in olive and peach rootstock . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 25 : 1021 – 1032 .
   Google Scholar
• Douds , D. D. Jr. , Johnson , C. R. and Koch , K. E. 1988 . Carbon cost of the fungal symbiont relative to net leaf P accumulation in a split-root VA mycorrhizal symbiosis . Plant Physiology , 86 : 491 – 496 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douds , D. D. Jr. , Pfeffer , P. E. and Shachar-Hill , Y. 2000 . “ Carbon partitioning, cost, and metabolism of arbuscular mycorrhizas ” . In Arbuscular mycorrhizas: Physiology and function , Edited by: Kapulnik , Y. and Douds , D. D. Jr. 107 – 129 . Dordrecht, , Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Eivazi , F. and Tabatabai , M. A. 1977 . Phosphatases in soils . Soil Biology & Biochemistry , 9 : 167 – 172 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezawa , T. , Smith , S. E. and Smith , F. A. 2002 . P metabolism and transport in AM fungi . Plant and Soil , 244 : 221 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gryndler , M. , Vosátka , M. , Hršelová , H. , Catská , V. , Chvátalová , I. and Jansa , J. 2002 . Effect of dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria on growth and mineral nutrition of strawberry . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 25 : 1341 – 1358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harborne , J. B. 1998 . “ Nitrogen compounds ” . In Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, , 3rd edition , Edited by: Harborne , J. B. 187 – 234 . London : Chapman & Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Hewitt , E. J. 1966 . “ The composition of the nutrient solution ” . In Sand and water culture methods used in the study of plant nutrition. Tech. Commun. 22, , 2nd edition , Edited by: Hewitt , E. J. 187 – 246 . Farnham, , UK : Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau .
   Google Scholar
• Jeffries , P. , Gianianazzi , S. , Perotto , S. , Turnau , K. and Barea , J.-M. 2003 . The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable maintenance of plant health and soil fertility . Biology and Fertility of Soils , 37 : 1 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joner , E. J. , van Aarle , I. M. and Vosatka , M. 2000 . Phosphatase activity of extra-radical arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae: A review . Plant and Soil , 226 : 199 – 210 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosegarten , H. , Grolig , F. , Esch , A. , Glüsenkamp , K.-H. and Mengel , K. 1999 . Effects of NH4 +, NO3 −, and HCO3 − on apoplast pH in the outer cortex of root zones of maize, as measured by the fluorescence ratio of fluorescein boronic acid . Planta , 209 : 444 – 452 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kothari , S. K. , Marschner , H. and Römheld , V. 1990 . Direct and indirect effects of VA mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms on acquisition of mineral nutrients by maize (Zea mays L.) in a calcareous soil . New Phytologist , 116 : 637 – 645 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leyval , C. and Reid , C. P. P. 1991 . Utilization of microbial siderophores by mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal pine roots . New Phytologist , 119 : 93 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marschner , H. 1995 . Mineral nutrition of higher plants, , 2nd edition , London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Marschner , H. 1998 . Role of root growth, arbuscular mycorrhiza, and root exudates for the efficiency in nutrient acquisition . Field Crops Research , 56 : 203 – 207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marschner , H. and Dell , B. 1994 . Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis . Plant and Soil , 159 : 89 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marschner , H. and Römheld , V. 1994 . Strategies of plants for acquisition of iron . Plant and Soil , 165 : 261 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medeiros , C. A. B. , Clark , R. B. and Ellis , J. R. 1994 . Growth and nutrient uptake of sorghum cultivated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza isolates at varying pH . Mycorrhiza , 4 : 185 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyasaka , S. C. and Habte , M. 2001 . Plant mechanisms and mycorrhizal symbioses to increase phosphorus uptake efficiency . Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis , 32 : 1101 – 1147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moog , P. R. and Brüggemann , W. 1994 . Iron reductase systems on the plant plasma membrane: A review . Plant and Soil , 165 : 241 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton , J. B. and Benny , G. L. 1990 . Revised classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Zygomycetes): A new order, Glomineae Gigasporineae, and two new families, Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporaceae, with an emendation of Glomaceae . Mycotaxon , 37 : 471 – 491 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oster , J. D. 1994 . Irrigation with poor quality water . Agricultural Water Management , 25 : 271 – 297 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacovsky , R. S. 1986 . Micronutrient uptake and distribution in mycorrhizal or phosphorus-fertilized soybeans . Plant and Soil , 95 : 379 – 388 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce , R. C. , Li , Y. and Bush , L. P. 1999 . Calcium and bicarbonate effects on the growth and nutrient uptake of burley tobacco seedlings: Hydroponic culture . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 22 : 1069 – 1078 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips , J. M. and Hayman , D. S. 1970 . Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection . Transactions of the British Mycological Society , 55 : 158 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plenchette , C. , Fortin , J. A. and Furlan , V. 1983 . Growth response of several plant species to mycorrhizae in a soil of moderate P-fertility: I. Mycorrhizal dependency under field conditions . Plant and Soil , 70 : 199 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed , D. W. , Wang , Y. T. and Pemberton , B. H. 1992 . Field screening of Rosa rootstocks for tolerance to alkaline soil . HortScience , 27 : 459 (abstr.)
   Google Scholar
• Rodríguez , H. and Fraga , R. 1999 . Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion . Biotechnology Advances , 17 : 319 – 339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Römheld , V. 2000 . The chlorosis paradox: Fe inactivation as a secondary event in chlorotic leaves of grapevine . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 23 : 1629 – 1643 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfield , C.-L. , Reed , D. W. and Kent , M. W. 1991 . Dependency of iron reduction on development of a unique root morphology in Ficus benjamina L . Plant Physiology , 95 : 1120 – 1124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS Institute, Inc. 2000 . The SAS system for windows, release 8.1 , Cary, North Carolina : SAS Institute, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Schüßler , A. , Schwarzott , D. and Walker , C. 2001 . A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: Phylogeny and evolution . Mycological Research , 105 : 1413 – 1421 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalhevert , J. 1994 . Using water of marginal quality for crop production: Major issues . Agricultural Water Management , 25 : 233 – 269 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , S. E. and Read , D. J. 1997 . Mycorrhizal symbiosis, , 2nd edition , San Diego, California : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sylvia , D. M. 1994 . “ Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ” . In Methods of soil analysis:Part 2:Microbiological and biochemical properties , Edited by: Mickelson , S. H. 351 – 378 . Madison, Wisconsin : Soil Science Society of America .
   Google Scholar
• Tabatabai , M. A. 1994 . “ Soil enzymes ” . In Methods of soil analysis: Part 2: Microbiological and biochemical properties , Edited by: Mickelson , S. H. 775 – 833 . Madison, Wisconsin : Soil Science Society of America .
   Google Scholar
• Tabatabai , M. A. and Bremner , J. M. 1969 . Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity . Soil Biology & Biochemistry , 1 : 301 – 307 .
   Google Scholar
• Tarafdar , J. C. , Yadav , R. S. and Meena , S. C. 2001 . Comparative efficiency of acid phosphatase originated from plant and fungal sources . Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science , 164 : 279 – 282 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trimble , M. R. and Knowles , N. R. 1995 . Influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus on growth, carbohydrates partitioning and mineral nutrition of greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants during establishment . Canadian Journal of Plant Science , 75 : 239 – 250 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Aarle , I. M. , Olsson , P. A. and Söderström , B. 2002a . Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi respond to the substrate pH of their extraradical mycelium by altered growth and root colonization . New Phytologist , 155 : 173 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Aarle , I. M. , Rouhier , H. and Saito , M. 2002b . Phosphatase activities of arbuscular mycorrhizal intraradical and extraradical mycelium, and their relation to phosphorus availability . Mycological Research , 106 : 1224 – 1229 .
   Google Scholar
• Vázquez , M. , César , M. S. , Azcón , R. and Barea , J. M. 2000 . Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and other microbial inoculants (Azospirillum Pseudomonas Trichoderma) and their effects on microbial population and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of maize plants . Applied Soil Ecology , 15 : 261 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villegas , J. and Fortin , J. A. 2002 . Phosphorus solubilization and pH changes as a result of the interactions between soil bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on a medium containing NO3 − as nitrogen source . Canadian Journal of Botany , 80 : 571 – 576 .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , D. P. , Scholes , J. D. and Read , D. J. 1998 . Effects of VA mycorrhizal colonization on photosynthesis and biomass production of Trifolium repens L . Plant Cell and Environment , 21 : 209 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright , R. D. 1987 . The Virginia Tech liquid fertilizer system for container-grown plants:Information Series 86-5 , Blacksburg, Virginia : Virginia Tech College of Agriculture and Life Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , X. , Römheld , V. and Marschner , H. 1993 . Effect of bicarbonate and root zone temperature on uptake of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu by different rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) grown in calcareous soil . Plant and Soil , 155/156 : 441 – 444 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar