396
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Growth, Nutrition, and Photosynthetic Response of Black Walnut to Varying Nitrogen Sources and Rates

, &
Pages 1917-1936 | Received 18 Jun 2007, Accepted 30 Oct 2007, Published online: 10 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Andersen , C. P. , Bussler , B. H. , Chaney , W. R. , Pope , P. E. and Byrnes , W. R. 1989 . Concurrent establishment of ground cover and hardwood trees on reclaimed mined land and unmined reference sites . Forest Ecology and Management , 28 : 81 – 100 .
  • Anderson , V. L. and McClean , R. A. 1974 . Design of Experiments: A Realistic Approach , New York : Marcel Dekker .
  • Arnon , D. I. 1949 . Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidases in Beta vulgaris . Plant Physiology , 24 : 1 – 15 .
  • Arp , D. J. , Sayavedra-Soto , L. A. and Hommes , N. G. 2002 . Molecular biology and biochemistry of ammonia oxidation by Nitrosomonas europaea . Archives of Microbiology , 178 : 250 – 255 .
  • Beineke , W. F. 1989 . Twenty years of black walnut genetic improvement at Purdue University . Northern Journal of Applied Forestry , 6 : 68 – 71 .
  • Bondada , B. R. and Syvertsen , J. P. 2003 . Leaf chlorophyll, net gas exchange and chloroplast ultrastructure in citrus leaves of different nitrogen status . Tree Physiology , 23 : 553 – 559 .
  • Bosela , M. J. , Smagh , G. S. and Michler , C. H. 2004 . “ Genetic transformation of black walnut (Juglans nigra) ” . In Black Walnut in a New Century: Proceedings of the 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium , Edited by: Michler , C. H. , Pijut , P. M. , van Sambeek , J. W. , Coggeshall , M. V. , Seifert , J. , Woeste , K. E. , Overton , R. and Ponder , F. 45 – 58 . Lafayette, IN : USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station .
  • Brix , H. 1981 . Effects of nitrogen fertilizer source and application rates on foliar nitrogen concentration, photosynthesis, and growth of Douglas-fir . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 11 : 775 – 780 .
  • Cassens , D. L. 2004 . “ Factors affecting the quality of walnut lumber and veneer ” . In Black Walnut in a New Century: Proceedings of the 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium , Edited by: Michler , C. H. , Pijut , P. M. , van Sambeek , J. W. , Coggeshall , M. V. , Seifert , J. , Woeste , K. E. , Overton , R. and Ponder , F. 161 – 167 . Lafayette, IN : USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station .
  • Corrente , J. E. , Nogueira , M. C. S. and Costa , B. M. 2001 . Orthogonal contrasts in the analysis of ammonia volatilization control in composting . Scientia Agricola , 58 : 407 – 412 .
  • Dinnes , D. L. , Karlen , D. L. , Jaynes , D. B. , Kaspar , T. C. , Hatfield , J. L. , Colvin , T. S. and Cambardella , C. A. 2002 . Nitrogen management strategies to reduce nitrate leaching in tile-drained Midwestern soils . Agronomy Journal , 94 : 153 – 171 .
  • Dumroese , R. K. 2003 . Growth of Juniperus and Potentilla using liquid exponential and controlled-release fertilizers . HortScience , 38 : 1378 – 1380 .
  • Dumroese , R. K. , Page-Dumroese , D. S. , Salifu , K. F. and Jacobs , D. F. 2005 . Exponential fertilization of Pinus monticola seedlings: Nutrient uptake efficiency, leaching fractions, and early outplanting performance . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 35 : 2961 – 2967 .
  • El Kohen , A. and Mousseau , M. 1994 . Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and mineral-nutrition on growth and CO2 exchange of sweet chestnut seedlings (Castanea sativa) . Tree Physiology , 14 : 679 – 690 .
  • Fillery , I. R. P. 2007 . Plant-based manipulation of nitrification in soil: A new approach to managing N loss? . Plant and Soil , 294 : 1 – 4 .
  • Foyer , C. H. , Ferrario-Mery , S. and Noctor , G. 2001 . “ Interactions between carbon and nitrogen metabolism ” . In Plant Nitrogen , Edited by: Lea , P. J. and Morot-Gaudry , J. F. 237 – 254 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Frak , E. , Le Roux , X. , Millard , P. , Adam , B. , Dreyer , E. , Escuit , C. , Sinoquet , H. , Vandame , M. and Varlet-Grancher , C. 2002 . Spatial distribution of leaf nitrogen and photosynthetic capacity within the foliage of individual trees: Disentangling the effects of local light quality, leaf irradiance, and transpiration . Journal of Experimental Botany , 53 : 2207 – 2216 .
  • Frak , E. , Le Roux , X. , Millard , P. , Guillaumie , S. and Wendler , R. 2005 . Nitrogen availability, local light regime and leaf rank effects on the amount and sources of N allocated within the foliage of young walnut (Juglans nigra x regia) trees . Tree Physiology , 26 : 43 – 49 .
  • Gray , D. and Garrett , H. E. G. 1998 . Nitrogen fertilization and aspects of fruit yield in a Missouri black walnut alley cropping practice . Agroforestry Systems , 44 : 333 – 344 .
  • Hageman , R. H. 1980 . “ Effect of form of nitrogen on plant growth ” . In Nitrification Inhibitors—Potentials and Limitations , Edited by: Meisinger , J. J. , Randall , G. W. and Vitosh , M. L. 47 – 62 . Madison, WI : ASA and SSSA .
  • Hageman , R. H. 1984 . “ Ammonium versus nitrate nutrition of higher plants ” . In Nitrogen in Crop Production , Edited by: Hauck , R. D. 67 – 85 . Madison, WI : ASA-CSSA-SSSA .
  • Haynes , R. J. 1986 . “ Uptake and assimilation of mineral nitrogen by plants ” . In Mineral Nutrition in the Plant-Soil System. , Edited by: Haynes , R. J. 303 – 378 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Hiscox , J. D. and Israelstam , G. F. 1979 . Method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration . Canadian Journal of Botany , 57 : 1332 – 1334 .
  • Ibrahim , L. , Proe , M. F. and Cameron , A. D. 1998 . Interactive effects of nitrogen and water availabilities on gas exchange and whole-plant carbon allocation in poplar . Tree Physiology , 18 : 481 – 487 .
  • Jacobs , D. F. , Salifu , K. F. and Seifert , J. R. 2005 . Growth and nutritional response of hardwood seedlings to controlled-release fertilization at outplanting . Forest Ecology and Management , 214 : 28 – 39 .
  • Kim , T. , Mills , H. A. and Wetzstein , H. Y. 2002 . Studies on effects of nitrogen form on growth, development, and nutrient uptake in pecan . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 25 : 497 – 508 .
  • Kubiske , M. E. , Pregitzer , K. S. , Zak , D. R. and Mikan , C. J. 1998 . Growth and C allocation of Populus tremuloides genotypes in response to atmospheric CO2 and soil N availability . New Phytologist , 140 : 251 – 260 .
  • Lawlor , D. W. 1994 . “ Relation between carbon and nitrogen assimilation, tissue composition and whole plant function ” . In A Whole-Plant Perspective on Carbon-Nitrogen Interactions , Edited by: Roy , J. and Garnier , E. 47 – 60 . The Hague, , The Netherlands : SPB Academic Publishing bv .
  • Lea , R. and Brockway , D. G. 1986 . “ Fertilization of northern hardwoods ” . In The Northern Hardwood Resource: Management and Potential , Edited by: Morz , G. D. and Reed , D. D. 193 – 205 . Houghton, MI : Michigan Technical University .
  • Lips , S. H. , Leidi , E. O. , Silberbush , M. , Soares , M. I. M. and Lewis , O. E. M. 1990 . Physiological aspects of ammonium and nitrate fertilization . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 13 : 1271 – 1289 .
  • Michler , C. H. , Meilan , R. , Woeste , K. E. , Pijut , P. M. , Jacobs , D. F. , Aldrich , P. and Glaubitz , J. 2005 . “ Hardwood genetics and tree improvement—A midwest USA perspective ” . In The Thin Green Line: A Symposium on the State-of-the-Art in Reforestation , Edited by: Colombo , S. J. 69 – 74 . Thunder Bay, , Canada : Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Forest Research Institute .
  • Nambiar , E. K. S. and Fife , D. N. 1987 . Growth and nutrient retranslocation in needles of radiata pine in relation to nitrogen supply . Annals of Botany , 60 : 147 – 156 .
  • Nicodemus , M. A. , Salifu , K. F. and Jacobs , D. F. 2006 . “ Nitrate reductase activity in 1+0 Juglans nigra seedlings with N fertilization ” . In The Proceedings of the 15th Central Hardwood Forest Conference , Edited by: Clatterbuck , W. and Buckley , D. 598 – 604 . Knoxville, TN : USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station .
  • Nogueira , M. C. S. 2004 . Orthogonal contrasts: Definitions and concepts . Scientia Agricola , 61 : 118 – 124 .
  • Parker , W. C. and Pallardy , S. G. 1991 . Gas exchange during a soil drying cycle in seedlings of 4 black walnut (Juglans nigra L) families . Tree Physiology , 9 : 339 – 348 .
  • Peuke , A. D. , Hartung , W. and Jeschke , W. D. 1994 . The uptake and flow of C, N and ions between roots and shoots in Ricinus communis L.2. Grown with low or high nitrate supply . Journal of Experimental Botany , 45 : 733 – 740 .
  • Phares , R. E. and Finn , R. F. 1971 . Using foliage analysis to help diagnose nutrient deficiencies in black walnut . Annual Report of the Northern Nut Growers Association , 62 : 98 – 104 .
  • Ponder , F. 2004 . “ Soils and nutrition management for black walnut ” . In Black Walnut in a New Century: Proceedings of the 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium , Edited by: Michler , C. H. , Pijut , P. M. , van Sambeek , J. W. , Coggeshall , M. V. , Seifert , J. , Woeste , K. E. , Overton , R. and Ponder , F. 71 – 76 . Lafayette, IN : USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station .
  • Prasad , R. , Rajale , G. B. and Lakhdive , B. A. 1971 . Nitrification retarders and slow-release nitrogen fertilizers . Advances in Agronomy , 23 : 337 – 383 .
  • Salifu , K. F. and Timmer , V. C. 2003 . Nitrogen response of young Picea mariana to nitrogen-15 supply . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 67 : 309 – 317 .
  • Salifu , K. F., K. G. , Apostol Jacobs , D. F. and Islam , M. A. 2008 . Growth, gas exchange and nutritional responses in (15NH4)2SO4 fertilized Quercus rubra seedlings . Annals of Forest Science , 65 : 101
  • Salifu , K. F. , Jacobs , D. F. , Pardillo , G. and Schott , M. 2006 . Response of grafted Juglans nigra to increasing nutrient availability: Growth, nutrition, and nutrient retention in root plugs . HortScience , 41 : 1477 – 1480 .
  • Shifley , S. R. 2004 . “ The black walnut resource in the United States ” . In Black Walnut in a New Century: Proceedings of the 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium , Edited by: Michler , C. H. , Pijut , P. M. , van Sambeek , J. W. , Coggeshall , M. V. , Seifert , J. , Woeste , K. E. , Overton , R. and Ponder , F. 168 – 176 . Lafayette, IN : USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station .
  • Simorte , V. , Bertoni , G. , Dupraz , C. and Masson , P. 2001 . Assessment of nitrogen nutrition of walnut trees using foliar analysis and chlorophyll measurements . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 24 : 1645 – 1660 .
  • Stewart , G. R. , Mann , A. F. and Fentem , P. A. 1980 . “ Enzymes of glutamate formation: Glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamine synthase ” . In The Biochemistry of Plants , Edited by: Miflin , B. J. 271 – 327 . New York : Academic Press Inc. .
  • Tait , M. A. and Hik , D. S. 2003 . Is dimethylsulfoxide a reliable solvent for extracting chlorophyll under field conditions? . Photosynthesis Research , 78 : 87 – 91 .
  • Timmer , V. R. 1997 . Exponential nutrient loading: A new fertilization technique to improve seedling performance on competitive sites . New Forests , 13 : 279 – 299 .
  • van Den Driessche , R. 1978 . Response of Douglas-fir seedlings to nitrate and ammonium nitrogen-sources at different levels of pH and iron supply . Plant and Soil , 49 : 607 – 623 .
  • Williams , R. D. 1974 . Planting Methods and Treatments for Black Walnut Seedlings. , St. Paul, MN : USDA Forest Service .
  • Williams , R. D. 1990 . “ Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) ” . In Silvics of North America , Edited by: Burns , R. M. and Honkala , B. H. 1 – 14 . Washington, DC : USDA .
  • Wilson , B. C. and Jacobs , D. F. 2006 . Quality assessment of temperate zone deciduous hardwood seedlings . New Forests , 31 : 417 – 433 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.