138
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Selected Calcium Salt Formulations: Interactions between Spray Deposit Characteristics and Ca Penetration with Consequences for Rain-Induced Wash-Off

, &
Pages 1718-1730 | Received 14 Mar 2008, Accepted 18 Feb 2009, Published online: 09 Sep 2009

REFERENCES

  • Abribat , B. 2001 . “ A new environmentally friendly class of pesticide potentiators: the alkoxylated triglycerides ” . In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals (ISAA 01) , Edited by: de Ruiter , H. 381 – 389 . Renkum, , The Netherlands : ISAA01 Foundation .
  • Bukovac , M. J. , Cooper , J. A. , Whitmoyer , R. E. and Brazee , R. D. 2002 . Spray application plays a determining role in performance of systemic compounds applied to the foliage of fruit plants . Acta Horticulturae , 594 : 65 – 75 .
  • Bukovac , M. J. and Petracek , P. D. 1993 . Characterizing pesticide and surfactant penetration with isolated plant cuticles . Pesticide Science , 37 : 179 – 194 .
  • Chamel , A. R. 1989 . Permeability characteristics of isolated “Golden Delicious” apple fruit cuticles with regard to calcium . Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science , 114 : 804 – 809 .
  • Deegan , R. D. , Bakajin , O. , Dupont , T. F. , Huber , G. , Nagel , S. R. and Witten , T. A. 1997 . Capillary flow as the cause of ring stains from dried liquid drops . Nature , 389 : 827 – 829 .
  • Eichert , T. and Burkhardt , J. 2001 . Quantification of stomatal uptake of ionic solutes using a new model system . Journal of Experimental Botany , 52 : 771 – 781 .
  • Forster , W. A. , Zabkiewicz , J. A. and Riederer , M. 2006 . Mechanisms of cuticular uptake of xenobiotics into living plants: Evaluation of a logistic-kinetic penetration model . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 54 : 3025 – 3032 .
  • Goldstein , J. I. , Newbury , D. E. , Echlin , P. , Joy , D. C. , Lyman , C. E. , Lifshin , E. , Sawyer , L. and Michael , J. R. 2003 . Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis , 3rd ed , New York, NY : Springer .
  • Haefs , R. , Schmitz-Eiberger , M. , Mohr , H. D. and Noga , G. 2002 . Improvement of Mg uptake of grapewine by use of rapeseed oil ethoxylates for foliar application of Mg . Vitis , 41 : 7 – 10 .
  • Hall , F. R. , Chapple , A. C. , Downer , R. A. , Kirchner , L. M. and Thacker , J. R. M. 1993 . Pesticide application as affected by spray modifiers . Pesticide Science , 38 : 123 – 133 .
  • Harker , F. R. and Ferguson , I. B. 1991 . Effects of surfactants on calcium penetration of cuticles isolated from apple fruit . Scientia Horticulturae , 46 : 225 – 233 .
  • Hauke , V. and Schreiber , L. 1998 . Ontogenetic and seasonal development of wax composition and cuticular transpiration of ivy (Hedera helix L.) sun and shade leaves . Planta , 207 : 67 – 75 .
  • Hunsche , M. , Damerow , L. , Schmitz-Eiberger , M. and Noga , G. 2007 . Mancozeb wash-off from apple seedlings by simulated rainfall as affected by drying time of fungicide deposit and rain characteristics . Crop Protection , 26 : 768 – 774 .
  • Kudsk , P. , Mathiassen , S. K. and Kirknel , E. 1991 . Influence of formulations and adjuvants on the rainfastness of maneb and mancozeb on pea and potato . Pesticide Science , 33 : 57 – 71 .
  • Liu , S. H. , Campbell , R. A. , Studens , J. A. and Wagner , R. G. 1996 . Absorption and translocation of glyphosate in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) as influenced by droplet size, droplet number, and herbicide concentration . Weed Science , 44 : 482 – 488 .
  • MacIsaac , S. A. , Paul , R. N. and Devine , M. D. 1991 . A scanning electron micro-scope study of glyphosate deposits in relation to foliar uptake . Pesticide Science , 31 : 65 – 72 .
  • Mercer , G. N. 2007 . A simple diffusion model of the effect of droplet size and spread area on foliar uptake of hydrophilic compounds . Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology , 88 : 128 – 133 .
  • Raese , J. T. and Drake , S. R. 2000 . Effect of calcium spray materials, rate, time of spray application, and rootstocks on fruit quality of ‘Red’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 23 : 1435 – 1447 .
  • Scherhag , H. 2005 . “ Rapeseed oil ethoxylate surfactants and their effects on spray application parameters and their impact on performance of selected agro-chemicals. PhD thesis, University of Bonn ” . Bonn, , Germany
  • Schlegel , T. K. , Schönherr , J. and Schreiber , L. 2005 . Size selectivity of aqueous pores in stomatous cuticles of Vicia faba leaves . Planta , 221 : 648 – 655 .
  • Schönherr , J. 2000 . Calcium chloride penetrates plant cuticles via aqueous pores . Planta , 212 : 112 – 118 .
  • Schönherr , J. 2001 . Cuticular penetration of calcium salts: Effects on humidity, anions, and adjuvants . Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science , 164 : 225 – 231 .
  • Schönherr , J. 2002 . Foliar nutrition using inorganic salts: Laws of cuticular penetration . Acta Horticulturae , 594 : 77 – 84 .
  • Schönherr , J. and Riederer , M. 1986 . Plant cuticles sorb lipophilic compounds during enzymatic isolation . Plant Cell and Environment , 9 : 459 – 466 .
  • Schönherr , J. and Schreiber , L. 2004 . Interactions of calcium ions with weakly acidic active ingredients slow cuticular penetration: A case study with glyphosate . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 52 : 6546 – 6551 .
  • Schreiber , L. 2005 . Polar paths of diffusion across plant cuticles: New evidence for an old hypothesis . Annals of Botany , 95 : 1069 – 1073 .
  • Schreiber , L. , Skrabs , M. , Hartmann , R. D. , Diamantopoulos , P. , Simanova , E. and Santrucek , J. 2001 . Effect of humidity on cuticular water permeability of isolated cuticular membranes and leaf disks . Planta , 214 : 274 – 282 .
  • Stevens , P. J. G. and Baker , E. A. 1987 . Factors affecting the foliar absorption and redistribution of pesticides. 1. Properties of leaf surfaces and their interactions with spray droplets . Pesticide Science , 19 : 265 – 281 .
  • Telias , A. , Hoover , E. , Rosen , C. , Bedford , D. and Cook , D. 2006 . The effect of calcium sprays and fruit thinning on bitter pit incidence and calcium content in ‘Honeycrisp’ apple . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 29 : 1941 – 1957 .
  • Thacker , J. R. M. and Young , R. D. F. 1999 . The effects of six adjuvants on the rainfastness of chlorpyrifos formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate . Pesticide Science , 55 : 198 – 200 .
  • Tobias , R. B. , Conway , W. S. , Sams , C. E. , Gross , K. C. and Whitaker , B. D. 1993 . Cell wall composition of calcium-treated apples inoculated with Botrytis cinerea . Phytochemistry , 32 : 35 – 39 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.