REFERENCES
- Arditti , J. 1979 . Aspects of the physiology of orchids . Advances in Botanical Research , 7 : 421 – 655 .
- Arditti , J. , Michaud , J. D. and Oliva , A. P. 1981 . Seed germination of North American orchids I, native California and related species of Calypso, Epipactis, Goodyera, Piperia, and Platanthera . Botanical Gazette , 142 : 442 – 453 .
- Ballion , G. and Ballion , M. 1924 . The non-symbiotic germination of orchid seed in Belgium . Orchid Review , 32 : 305 – 309 .
- Clement , E. 1924 . Germination of Odontoglossum and other seed without fungal aid. . Orchid Review , 32 : 233 – 238 .
- Clement , E. 1926 . The non-symbiotic and symbiotic germination of orchid seeds . Orchid Review , 34 : 165 – 169 .
- de Pauw , M. A. , Remphrey , W. R. and Palmer , C. E. 1995 . The cytokinin preference for in vitro germination and protocorm growth of Cypripedium candidum . Annals of Botany , 75 : 267 – 275 .
- Dutra , D. , Johnson , T. R. , Kauth , P. J. , Stewart , S. L. , Kane , M. E. and Richardson , L. 2008 . Asymbiotic seed germination, in vitro seedling development, and greenhouse acclimatization of the threatened terrestrial orchid Bletia purpurea . Plant, Cell Tissue and Organ Culture , 94 : 11 – 21 .
- Ernst , R. and Arditti , J. 1990 . Carbohydrate physiology of orchid seedlings III: Hydrolysis of maltooligosaccharides by Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae) seedlings . American Journal of Botany , 77 : 188 – 195 .
- Ernst , R. , Arditti , J. and Healey , P. L. 1971 . Carbohydrate physiology of orchid seedlings II: Hydrolysis and effects of oligosaccharides . American Journal of Botany , 58 : 827 – 835 .
- Harley , J. L. 1969 . The Biology of Mycorrhiza , London : Leonard Hill .
- Harrison , C. R. and Arditti , J. 1978 . Physiological changes during the germination of Cattleya aurantiaca (Orchidaceae) . Botanical Gazette , 139 : 180 – 189 .
- Hew , C. S. and Mah , T. C. 1989 . Sugar uptake and invertase activity in Dendrobium tissues . New Phytologist , 111 : 167 – 171 .
- Johnson , T. R. and Kane , M. E. 2007 . Asymbiotic germination of ornamental Vanda: In vitro germination and development of three hybrids . Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture , 91 : 251 – 261 .
- Johnson , T. R. , Stewart , S. L. , Dutra , D. , Kane , M. E. and Richardson , L. 2007 . Asymbiotic and symbiotic seed germination of Eulophia alta (Orchidaceae)—Preliminary evidence for the symbiotic culture advantage . Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture , 90 : 313 – 323 .
- Kauth , P. J. , Dutra , D. , Johnson , T. R. , Stewart , S. L. , Kane , M. E. and Vendrame , W. 2008 . “ Techniques and application of in vitro orchid seed germination ” . In Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues, Volume V , Edited by: da Silva , T. 375 – 391 . Middlesex, UK : Global Science Books .
- Kauth , P. J. , Vendrame , W. A. and Kane , M. E. 2006 . In vitro seed culture and seedling development of Calopogon tuberosus . Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture , 85 : 91 – 102 .
- Knudson , L. 1916 . Influence of certain carbohydrates on green plants . Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs , 9 : 1 – 75 .
- Knudson , L. 1922 . Non-symbiotic germination of orchid seeds . Botanical Gazette , 73 : 1 – 25 .
- Knudson , L. 1924 . Further observations on non-symbiotic germination of orchid seeds . Botanical Gazette , 77 : 212 – 220 .
- La Garde , R. V. 1929 . Non-symbiotic germination of orchids . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , 16 : 499 – 514 .
- Miyoshi , K. and Mii , M. 1998 . Stimulatory effects of sodium and calcium hypochlorite, pre-chilling and cytokinins on the germination of Cypripedium macranthos seed in vitro . Physiologia Plantarum , 102 : 481 – 486 .
- Rasmussen , H. N. 1995 . Terrestrial Orchids: From Seed to Mycotrophic Plant , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Smith , F. E. V. 1932 . Raising orchid seedlings asymbiotically under tropical conditions . Garden Chronicle , 91 : 9 – 11 .
- Smith , S. E. 1966 . Physiology and ecology of orchid mycorrhizal fungi with reference to seedling nutrition . New Phytologist , 65 : 488 – 499 .
- Smith , S. E. 1967 . Carbohydrate translocation in orchid mycorrhizas . New Phytologist , 66 : 371 – 378 .
- Smith , S. E. 1973 . Asymbiotic germination of orchid seeds on carbohydrates of fungal origin . New Phytologist , 72 : 497 – 499 .
- Spoerl , E. and Curtis , J. T. 1948 . Studies of the nitrogen nutrition of orchid embryos III, amino acid nitrogen . American Orchid Society Bulletin , 17 : 307 – 312 .
- Stenberg , M. L. and Kane , M. E. 1998 . In vitro seed germination and greenhouse cultivation of Encyclia boothiana var. erythronioides, an endangered Florida orchid . Lindleyana , 13 : 101 – 112 .
- Stewart , S. L. and Kane , M. E. 2006 . Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro seedling development of Habenaria macroceratitis (Orchidaceae), a rare Florida terrestrial orchid . Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture , 86 : 147 – 158 .
- Wynd , F. L. 1933 . Sources of carbohydrate for germination and growth of orchid seedlings . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , 20 : 569 – 581 .