DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF CVA, DRIS, AND CND NORMS FOR THREE HYBRIDS OF POPULUS MAXIMOWICZII PLANTED IN SOUTHERN QUEBEC

REFERENCES

• Aerts , R. 1996 . Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials: Are there general patterns? . Journal of Ecology , 84 : 597 – 608 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aitchison , J. 1986 . Statistical Analysis of Compositional Data , New York : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Bailey , J. S. , Beattie , J. A. M. and Kilpatrick , D. J. 1997 . The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) for diagnosing the nutrient status of grassland swards: I. Model establishment . Plant and Soil , 197 : 127 – 135 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldock , J. O. and Schulte , E. E. 1996 . Plant analysis with standardized scores combines DRIS and sufficiency range approaches for corn . Agronomy Journal , 88 : 448 – 456 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates , T. E. 1971 . Factors affecting critical nutrient concentrations in plants and their evaluation: a review . Soil Science , 112 : 116 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaufils , E. R. 1971 . Physiological Diagnosis – A guide for improving maize production based on principles developed for rubber trees . Fertilizer Society of South Africa Journal , 1 : 1 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Beaufils , E. R. 1973 . Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). A general scheme for experimentation and calibration based on principles developed from research in plant nutrition. Soil Science Bulletin No. 1 , Pietermaritzburg , , South Africa : University of Natal .
   Google Scholar
• Benton , J. Jr. , Wolf , J. B. and Mills , H. A. 1991 . Plant Analysis Handbook. A Practical Sampling, Preparation, Analysis, and Interpretation Guide , Athens , GA : MicroMacro Publishing Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Berthelot , A. , Ranger , J. and Gelhaye , D. 2000 . Nutrient uptake and immobilization in a short-rotation coppice stand of hybrid poplars in north-west France . Forest Ecology and Management , 128 : 167 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonneau , M. 1988 . Le diagnostic foliaire . . Revue Forestière Française , 40 : 19 – 28 . [Foliar diagnostics]
   Google Scholar
• Bowersox , T. W. and Ward , W. W. 1977 . Soil fertility, growth, and yield of young hybrid poplar plantations in central Pennsylvania . Forest Science , 23 : 463 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camiré , C. and Brazeau , M. 1998 . “ Culture des genres Populus et Larix au Québec: Sols, exigences nutritionnelles et productivité. [Cultivation of genus Populus and Larix in Quebec: Soils, nutrient requirements and productivity] ” . 132 Ministère des Ressources Naturelles du Québec, Direction de l’Environnement Forestier . Report C–122p >Québec: Universite Laval
   Google Scholar
• Coleman , M. , Tolsted , D. , Nichols , T. , Johnson , W. D. , Wene , E. G. and Houghtaling , T. 2006 . Post-establishment fertilization of Minnesota hybrid poplar plantations . Biomass and Energy , 30 : 740 – 749 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke , J. E. K. , Martin , T. A. and Davis , J. M. 2005 . Short-term physiological and developmental responses to nitrogen availability in hybrid poplar . New Phytologist , 167 : 41 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté , B. and Ouimet , R. 1996 . Decline of the maple-dominated forest in southern Quebec: Impact of natural stresses and forest management . Environmental Review , 4 : 133 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Czapowskyj , M. M. and Safford , L. O. 1993 . Site preparation, fertilization, and 10-year yields of hybrid poplar on a clearcut forest site in eastern Maine, USA . New Forests , 7 : 331 – 344 .
   Google Scholar
• DesRochers , A. , van den Driessche , R. and Thomas , B. R. 2003 . Nitrogen fertilization of trembling aspen seedlings grown on soils of different pH . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 33 : 552 – 560 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Orangeville , L. , Cogliastro , A. , Bouchard , A. and Daigle , S. 2006 . Nutrition et croissance comparées de différents peupliers hybrides sur des dépôts marginaux pour l’agriculture. [Comparison of nutrition and growth of different hybrid poplars on poor agricultural soils] , Ministère des Ressources Naturelles du Québec . Project 2-03-63-42 Montreal: Université de Montreal
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada . 2004 . Climate normals & Averages 1971-2000 . National Climate Data & Information Archive , Available at: http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca (accessed 15 October 2012)
   Google Scholar
• Garbaye , J. 1972 . Influence de la date et de la hauteur de prélèvement sur les résultats de l’analyse foliaire chez deux clones de peuplier. [Effect of the date and height of sampling on leaf nutrient analyses in two poplar clones] . Annals of Forest Science , 29 : 451 – 463 .
   Google Scholar
• Giroux , M. and Royer , R. 2007 . Effets à long terme des applications de phosphore sur les rendements, l’évolution des teneurs, de la saturation et de la solubilité dans deux sols très riches. [Long term effects of the application of phosphorous on the yield, and the evolution of concentrations, saturation and solubility in two rich soils] . Agrosolutions , 18 : 17 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Gradowski , T. and Thomas , S. C. 2006 . Phosphorus limitation of sugar maple growth in central Ontario . Forest Ecology and Management , 226 : 104 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grondin , P. 1996 . “ Cadre bioclimatique de référence des régions écologiques du Québec. [Bioclimatic reference framework for the ecological regions of Quebec] ” . In Manuel de Foresterie , Edited by: Bérard , J. A. and Côté , M. 148 – 159 . Quebec : Les Presses de l’Université Laval, Québec .
   Google Scholar
• Guillemette , T. and DesRochers , A. 2008 . Early growth and nutrition of hybrid poplars fertilized at planting in the boreal forest of western Quebec . Forest Ecology and Management , 255 : 2981 – 2989 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , E. A. 1994 . A guide for determining when to fertilize hybrid poplar plantations. Research Paper NC-319 , St. Paul, MN , , U.S : Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station .
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , E. A. , McLaughlin , R. A. and Pope , P. 1988 . Biomass and nitrogen dynamics of hybrid poplar on two different soils - Implications for fertilization strategy . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 18 : 223 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilman , P. E. 1985 . Sampling and genetic variation of foliar nitrogen in black cottonwood and its hybrids in short rotation . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 15 : 1137 – 1141 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilman , P. E. and Xie , F. 1993 . Influence of nitrogen on growth and productivity of short-rotation Populus trichocarpa X Populus deltoides hybrids . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 23 : 1863 – 1869 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser , H. F. 1960 . The application of electronic computers to factor analysis . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 20 : 141 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karacic , A. and Weih , M. 2006 . Variation in growth and resource utilization among eight poplar clones grown under different irrigation and fertilization regimes in Sweden . Biomass & Bioenergy , 30 : 115 – 124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khiari , L. , Parent , L. E. and Tremblay , N. 2001 . Selecting the high-yield subpopulation for diagnosing nutrient imbalance in crops . Agronomy Journal , 93 : 802 – 808 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labrecque , J. 2009 . Indicator species of soil nutrients and poplar plantation productivity in southeastern Quebec , McGill University Montreal, Canada . M.Sc. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Leaf , A. L. 1973 . “ Plant analysis as an aid in fertilizing forests ” . In Soil Testing and Plant Analysis , Edited by: Walsh , L. M. and Beaton , J. D. 427 – 454 . Madison , WI : Soil Science Society of America .
   Google Scholar
• Leech , R. H. and Kim , Y. T. 1981 . Foliar analysis and DRIS as a guide to fertilizer amendments in poplar plantations . The Forestry Chronicle , 57 : 17 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , Z. J. and Dickmann , D. I. 1992 . Responses of two hybrid Populus clones to flooding, drought, and nitrogen availability. 1. Morphology and growth . Canadian Journal of Botany , 70 : 2265 – 2270 .
   Google Scholar
• Lteif , A. , Whalen , J. K. , Bradley , R. L. and Camiré , C. 2008 . Diagnostic tools to evaluate the foliar nutrition and growth of hybrid poplars . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 38 : 2138 – 2147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marler , R. J. , Stromberg , J. C. and Patten , D. T. 2001 . Growth response of Populus fremontii, Salix gooddingii, and Tamarix ramosissima seedlings under different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations . Journal of Arid Environments , 49 : 133 – 146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ménétrier , J. and Vallée , G. 1977 . Estimé de la quantité d’éléments nutritifs principaux prélevés et exportés par un quartier de pieds-mères de peupliers hybrides pour la production de boutures ou de plançons. [Estimates of major nutrient uptake and export by parent plants of hybrid poplars used for the production of stem and scion cuttings]. Note Inf. No 1. , Quebec: Ministre Énergie Ressources du Québec, Service de la Recherche Forestière .
   Google Scholar
• Ménétrier , J. and Vallée , G. 1980 . Recherche et développement sur le peuplier. XVI – Résultats d’essai de quarante traitements de fertilisation d’une plantation de boutures. [Research and development on poplar. XVI– Test results of forty fertilizer treatments in a cutting plantation]. Mémoire 57 , Quebec: Service de la Recherche Forestière, Ministre Energie Ressources Québec .
   Google Scholar
• Munson , R. D. and Nelson , W. L. 1990 . “ Principles and practices in plant analysis ” . In Soil Testing and Plant Analysis , Edited by: Westerman , R. L. 359 – 387 . Madison , WI : Society of America .
   Google Scholar
• Parent , L. E. , Cambouris , A. N. and Muhawenimana , A. 1994a . Multivariate diagnosis of nutrient imbalance in potato crops . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 58 : 1432 – 1438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parent , L. E. and Dafir , M. 1992 . A theoretical concept of Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis . Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science , 117 : 239 – 242 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parent , L. E. , Isfan , D. , Tremblay , N. and Karam , A. 1994b . Multivariate nutrient diagnosis of the carrot crop . Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science , 119 : 420 – 426 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkinson , J. A. and Allen , S. E. 1975 . A wet oxidation procedure suitable for the determination of nitrogen and mineral nutrients in biological material . Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis , 6 : 1 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Périnet , P. 2007 . “ Le programme d’amélioration génétique du peuplier au Québec. [Program of genetic improvement of poplar in Quebec] ” . In Guide des Visites de Terrain – Conseil du Peuplier du Canada – La Populiculture , Edited by: Périnet , P. , Perron , M. and Bélanger , P. 11 – 12 . Quebec: Ministèredes Ressources Naturelles et de la Faune du Québec .
   Google Scholar
• Quesnel , P.-O. and Côté , B. 2009 . Prevalence of phosphorus, potassium and calcium limitations in white spruce across Canada . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 32 : 1290 – 1305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quesnel , P.-O. , Côté , B. , Fyles , J. W. and Munson , A. D. 2006 . Optimum nutrient concentrations and CND scores of mature white spruce determined using a boundary-line approach and spatial variation of tree growth and nutrition . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 29 : 1999 – 2018 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathfon , R. A. and Burger , J. A. 1991 . Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) nutrient norms for Fraser fir Christmas trees . Forest Science , 37 : 998 – 1010 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salisbury , F. B. and Ross , C. W. 1992 . Plant Physiology , Belmont , CA : Wadsworth Publishing Company .
   Google Scholar
• Schmalfuss , K. and Schulze , W. 1961 . The accumulation of nutrients in tree species . Flora (Jena) , 150 : 353 – 371 .
   Google Scholar
• Shear , C. B. , Crane , H. L. and Myers , A. T. 1946 . Nutrient element balance: A fundamental concept in plant nutrition . American Society of Horticultural Science Proceedings , 47 : 239 – 248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumner , M. E. 1978 . Interpretation of nutrient ratios in plant tissue . Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis , 9 : 335 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumner , M. E. 1979 . Interpretation of foliar analysis for diagnostic purposes . Agronomy Journal , 71 : 343 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumner , M. E. and Farina , M. P. W. 1986 . Phosphorous interactions with other nutrients and lime in field cropping systems . Advances in Soil Science , 5 : 201 – 236 .
   Google Scholar
• Tew , R. K. 1970 . Seasonal variation in the nutrient content of aspen foliage . Journal of Wildlife Management , 34 : 475 – 478 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touzet , G. and Heinrich , J. C. 1970 . Concentrations foliaires en azote, phosphore, potassium et calcium du peuplier c.v. ‘I 214’. [Foliar concentrations in nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and calcium of poplar c.v. ‘I214’] . Compte Rendu D’activité, AFOCEL , : 103 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Touzet , G. , Heinrich , J. C. and Nohn , I. 1969 . Diagnostic foliaire et vitesse de croissance. [Foliar diagnostic and rate of growth] . Compte Rendu D’activité, AFOCEL , : 17 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Tuskan , G. A. 1998 . Short-rotation woody crop supply systems in the United States: What do we know and what do we need to know? . Biomass & Bioenergy , 14 : 307 – 315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Driessche , R . 1974 . Prediction of mineral nutrient status of trees by foliar analysis . Botanical Review , 40 : 347 – 394 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Driessche , R . 2000 . Phosphorus, copper and zinc supply levels influence growth and nutrition of a young Populus tricocharpa (Torr. & Gray) x P. deltoides (Bartr. ex Marsh) hybrid . New Forests , 19 : 143 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Driessche , R. , Niemi , F. and Charleson , L. 2005 . Fourth year response of aspen seedlings to lime, nitrogen and phosphorus applied at planting and one year after planting . Forest Ecology and Management , 219 : 216 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Driessche , R. , Rude , W. and Martens , L. 2003 . Effect of fertilization and irrigation on growth of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedlings over three seasons . Forest Ecology and Management , 186 : 381 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Meiden , H. A. and Kolster , H. W. 1964 . Variations in the mineral content of poplar leaves during the vegetation season and in different parts of the plant . Netherland Journal of Forestry , 36 : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Walworth , J. L. and Sumner , M. E. 1987 . The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) . Advances in Soil Sciences , 6 : 149 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Ware , G. O. , Ohki , K. and Moon , L. C. 1982 . The Mitscherlich plant growth model for determining critical nutrient deficiency levels . Agronomy Journal , 74 : 88 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar