REFERENCES
- Ayers, R.S., and D.W. Westcot. 1985. Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage paper 29 (rev. 1). Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.
- Bernstein, L. 1975. Effects of salinity and sodicity on plant growth. Annual Review of Phytopathology 13: 295–312.
- Coyle, D.R., and M.D. Coleman. 2005. Forest production responses to irrigation and fertilization are not explained by shifts in allocation. Forest Ecology and Management 208: 137–152.
- Dahl, O., H. Nurmesniemi, R. Poykio, and G. Watkins. 2009. Comparison of the characteristics of bottom ash and fly ash from a medium-sized (32MW) municipal district heating plant incinerating forest residues and peat in a fluidized-bed boiler. Fuel Processing Technology 90: 871–878.
- Fageria, N.K., M.P. Barbosa Filho, A. Moreira, and C.M. Guimaraes. 2009. Foliar fertilization of crop plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition 32: 1044–1064.
- Fernandez, V., and T. Eichert. 2009. Uptake of hydrophilic solutes through plant leaves: current state of knowledge and perspectives of foliar fertilization. Critical Reviews in Plant Science 28: 36–68.
- Goerndt, M.E., and C. Mize. 2008. Short-rotation woody biomass as a crop on marginal lands in Iowa. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 25: 82–86.
- Guillemette, T., and A. DesRochers. 2008. Early growth and nutrition of hybrid poplars fertilized at planting in the boreal forest of western Quebec. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 2981–2989.
- Hytonen, J. 1998. Effect of peat ash fertilization on the nutrient status and biomass production of short-rotation willow on cutaway peatland area. Biomass and Bioenergy 15: 83–92.
- Larson, P.L., and J.G. Isebrands. 1971. The plastochron index as applied to developmental studies of cottonwood. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 1(1): 1–11.
- Lteif, A., J.K. Whalen, R.L. Bradley, and C. Camire. 2008. Diagnostic tools to evaluate the foliar nutrition and growth of hybrid poplars. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38: 2138–2147.
- Miles, T.R. Sr., T.R. Miles Jr., L.L. Baxter, R.W. Bryers, B.M. Jenkins, L.L. Oden, D.C. Dayton, and T.A. Milne. 1996. Alkali deposits found in biomass power plants: A preliminary investigation of their extent and nature. National Renewable Energy Laboratory report TP-433-8142 (vol. 1). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
- Misra, M.K., K.W. Ragland, and A.J. Baker. 1993. Wood ash composition as a function of furnace temperature. Biomass and Bioenergy 4: 103–116.
- Moilanen, M., K. Silfverberg, H. Hokka, and J. Issakainen. 2005. Wood ash as a fertilizer on drained mires—growth and foliar nutrients of Scots pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 2734–2742.
- Moilanen, M., K. Silfverberg, and T.J. Hokkanen. 2002. Effects of wood-ash on the tree growth, vegetation and substrate quality of a drained mire: a case study. Forest Ecology and Management 171: 321–338.
- Neilsen, G., D. Neilsen, S. Dong, P. Toivonen, and F. Peryea. 2005. Application of CaCl2 sprays earlier in the season may reduce bitter pit incidence in ‘Braeburn’ apple. HortScience 40: 1850–1853.
- Obernberger, I., F. Biedermann, W. Widmann, and R. Riedl. 1997. Concentrations of inorganic elements in biomass fuels and recovery in the different ash fractions. Biomass and Bioenergy 12: 211–224.
- Park, B.B., R.D. Yanai, J.M. Sahm, B.D. Ballard, and L.P. Abrahamson. 2004. Wood ash effects on soil solution and nutrient budgets in a willow bioenergy plantation. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 159: 209–224.
- Raese, J.T., and S.R. Drake. 2006. Calcium foliar sprays for control of alfalfa greening, cork spot, and hard end in ‘Anjou’ pears. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29: 543–552.
- Rosenberger, D.A., J.R. Schupp, S.A. Hoying, L. Cheng, and C.B. Watkins. 2004. Controlling bitter pit in ‘Honey Crisp’ apples. HortTechnology 14: 342–349.
- Subbarao, G.V., O. Ito, W.L. Berry, and R.M. Wheeler. 2003. Sodium—a functional plant nutrient. Critical Reviews in Plant Science 22: 391–416.
- van den Driessche, R. 1999. First-year growth response of four Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides clones to fertilizer placement and level. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 554–562.
- Wakeel, A., M. Farooq, M. Qadir, and S. Schubert. 2011. Potassium substitution by sodium in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Science 30: 401–413.
- Zalesny, R.S. Jr., R.B. Hall, J.A. Zalesny, B.G. McMahon, W.E. Berguson, and G.R. Stanosz. 2009. Biomass and genotype × environment interactions of Populus energy crops in the midwestern United States. BioEnergy Research 2: 106–122.
- Zalesny, J.A., R.S. Zalesny, Jr., A.H. Wiese, B.T. Sexton, and R.B. Hall. 2008. Sodium and chloride accumulation in leaf, woody, and root tissue of Populus after irrigation with landfill leachate. Environmental Pollution 155: 72–80.