Response of sunflower hybrids to nitrogen application grown under different agro-environments

References

• Abelardo, J. V., and A. J. Hall. 2002. Effects of planting date, genotype, and their interactions on sunflower yield: I. Determinants of oil-corrected grain yield. Crop Science 42: 1191–1201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, A., and S. Ullah. 2012. Effect of nitrogen on achene protein, oil, fatty acid profile, and yield of sunflower hybrids. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 72: 564–567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonymous. 2012. Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan. Islamabad: Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Government of Pakistan.
   Google Scholar
• Badar, H., M. S. Javed, A. Ali, and Z. Batool. 2002. Production and marketing constraints limiting sunflower production in Punjab (Pakistan). International Journal of Agriculture andand Biology 4: 267–271.
   Google Scholar
• Cantagallo, J. E., D., Medan, and A. J. Hall. 2009. Grain number in sunflower as affected by shading during floret growth, anthesis and grain setting. Field Crops Research 85: 191–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cechin, I., and T. F. Fumis. 2004. Effect of nitrogen supply on growth and photosynthesis of sunflower plants grown in the greenhouse. Plant Science 166: 1379–1385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chimenti, C. A., J. Pearson, A. J., Hall. 2002. Osmotic adjustment and yield maintenance under drought in sunflower. Field Crops Research 75: 235–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dordas, C. A., A. S. Lithourgidis, T. Matsi, and N. Barbayiannis. 2008. Application of liquid cattle manure and inorganic fertilizers affect dry matter, nitrogen accumulation, and partitioning in maize. Nutrient Cycling andand Agro-Ecosystem 80: 283–296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gancedo, J. C. B., M. M. P. Gonzalez, J. X. Bernat, E. G. Constante, and M. L. Camacho. 2002. Application of two heating methods in physical refining of high-FA olive and sunflower oils. American Oil Chemistry Society 79: 209–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghani, A., M. Hussain, and M. I. Anwar. 2000. Effect of different levels of N fertilizer on yield and quality of sunflower. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 4: 400–401.
   Google Scholar
• Hassan, F. U., G. Qadir, and M. A. Cheema. 2005. Growth and development of sunflower in response to seasonal variations. Pakistan Journal of Botany 37: 859–864.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, J., B. Yue, W. Yuan, and B. A. Vick. 2008. Growing sunflower plants from seed to seed in small pots in greenhouse. Helia 31: 119–126.
   Google Scholar
• Khaliq, T., A. Ahmad, A. Hussain, A. M. Ranjha, and M. A. Ali. 2008. Impact of nitrogen rates on growth, yield, and radiation use efficiency of maize under varying environments. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 45: 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Kusa, K., S. Takuji, H. Ronggui, and H. Ryusuke. 2010. Comparison of N2O and CO2 concentrations and fluxes in the soil profile between a Gray Lowland soil and an Andosol. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 56: 186–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legha, P. K., G. Gajendra, and G. Giri. 1999. Influence of nitrogen and sulphur on growth, yield and oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) grown in spring season. Indian Journal of Agronomy 44: 408–412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik, M. A., M. F. Saleem, M. Sana, and A. Rehman. 2004. Suitable level of N, P and K for harvesting the maximum economic returns of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 6: 240–242.
   Google Scholar
• Massignam, A. M, S. C. Chapman, G. L. Hammer, and S. Fukai. 2009. Physiological determinants of maize and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grain yield as affected by nitrogen supply. Field Crops Research 113: 256–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munir, M. A., M. A. Malik, and M. Yaseen. 2007. Performance of sunflower in response to nitrogen management at different stages. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 44: 12–15.
   Google Scholar
• Nasim, W., A. Ahmad, H. M. Hammad, H. J. Chaudhary, and M. F. H. Munis. 2012a. Effect of nitrogen on growth and yield of sunflower under semi-arid conditions of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany 44: 639–648.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasim, W., A. Ahmad, A. Bano, R. Olatinwo, M. Usman, T. Khaliq, A. Wajid, H. M. Hammad, M. Mubeen, and M. Hussain. 2012b. Effect of nitrogen on yield and oil quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids under sub humid conditions of Pakistan. American Journal of Plant Science 3: 243–251.
   Google Scholar
• Nasim, W., A. Ahmad, A. Wajid, J. Akhtar, and D. Muhammad. 2011. Nitrogen effects on growth and development of sunflower hybrids under agro-climatic conditions of Multan. Pakistan Journal of Botany 43: 2083–2092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasim, W., and A. Bano. 2012. Impact of nitrogen and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of sunflower in glasshouse environment. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology 15: 319–324.
   Google Scholar
• Ozer, H., T. Polat, and E. Ozturk. 2004. Response of irrigated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids to nitrogen fertilization: growth, yield and yield components. Plant Soil and Environment 50: 205–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmatullah, N. G., M. Salim, and M. A. Gill. 1995. Partitioning of biomass, N and S in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by nitrogen and sulfur nutrition. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 174: 27–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, G. P., G. Giri, and G. Giri. 1996. Physiological parameters, dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake by sunflower as influenced by time of sowing, hand pollination and split application of nitrogen. Annals of Agricultural Research 17: 299–304.
   Google Scholar
• Rondanini, D. P., R. Savin, and A. J. Hall. 2007. Estimation of physiological maturity in sunflower as a function of fruit water concentration. European Journal of Agronomy 26: 295–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sessiz, A., T. Sogut, A. Alp, and R. Esgici. 2008. Tillage effects on sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.) emergence, yield, quality, and fuel consumption in double cropping system. Journal of Central European Agriculture 9: 697–710.
   Google Scholar
• Steel, R. G. D., J. H. Torrie, and D. A. Deekey. 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics, A Biometrical Approach. New York: McGraw Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Tenebe, V. A., U. R. Pal, C. A. C. Okonkwo, and B. M. Auwalu. 1996. Response of rainfed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to nitrogen rates and plant population in the semi-arid savanna region of Nigeria. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 177: 207–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomar, H. P. S., K. S. Dadhwal, and H. P. Sing. 1999. Effect of irrigation, N, and P on yield and yield attributes of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Tropical Agriculture 76: 228–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usman, M., A. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, M. Arshad, T. Khaliq, A. Wajid, K. Hussain, W. Nasim, T. M. Chattha, R. Trethowan, and G. Hoogenboom. 2009. Development and application of crop water stress index for scheduling irrigation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under semiarid environment. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 7: 386–391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veerana S., and B. T. Steer. 2003. Growth of florets of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in relation to their position in the capitulum, shading and nitrogen supply. Field Crops Research 34: 83–100.
   Google Scholar
• Vega, A. J., and A. J. Hall. 2002. Effects of planting date, genotype, and their interactions on sunflower yield: I. determinants of oil-corrected grain yield. Crop Science 42: 1191–1201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wtanabe, M., S. Yamamura, T. Takamatsu, M. K. Koshikawa, S. Hayashi, T. Murata, S. S. Saito, K. Inubushi, and K. Sakamoto. 2010. Microbial biomass and nitrogen transformations in surface soils strongly acidified by volcanic hydrogen sulfide deposition in Osorezan, Japan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 56: 123–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahoor, A., A. Riaz, S. Ahmad, H. Ali, M. B. Khan, K. Javed, M. A. Anjum, M. Zia-ul-Haq, and M. A. Khan. 2010. Ontogeny growth and radiation use efficiency of Helianthus annuus L., as affected by hybrids, nitrogenous regimes and planting geometry under irrigated arid conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany 42: 3197–3207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zia-Ul-Haq, M., S. Ahmad, S. A. Bukhari, R. Amarowicz, S. Ercisli, and H. Z. E. Jaafar. 2014. Compositional studies and biological activities of some mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars commonly consumed in Pakistan. Biological Research 47(23): 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zia-Ul-Haq, M., S. Ahmad, and M. Qayum, S. Ercişli. 2013a. Compositional studies and antioxidant potential of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Turkish Journal of Biology 37: 25–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zia-Ul-Haq, M., S. Cavar, M. Qayum, I. Khan, and S. Ahmad. 2013b. Compositional studies and antioxidant potential of Acacia leucophloea Roxb. Acta Botanical Croatica 72: 27–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheljazkov, V. D., B. A. Vick, B. S. Baldwin, N. Buehring, T. Astatkie, and B. Johnson. 2009. Oil content and saturated fatty acids in sunflower as a function of planting date, nitrogen rate, and hybrid. Agronomy Journal 101: 1003–1011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheljazkov, V. D., B. A. Vick, M. W. Ebelhar, N. Buehring, B. S. Baldwin, T. Astatkie, and J. F. Miller. 2008. Yield, oil content, and composition of sunflower grown at multiple locations in Mississippi. Agronomy Journal 100: 635–642.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zubillaga, M. M., J. P. Aristi, and R. S. Lavado. 2002. Effect of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) nitrogen uptake and yield. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 188: 267–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar