Influence of nitrogen forms and levels on the growth and nutrition of cacao

References

• Baligar, V. C., and N. K. Fageria. 1997. Nutrient use efficiency in acid soils: Nutrient management and plant use efficiency. In: Plant soil interaction at low pH: Sustainable agriculture and forestry production, eds. A. C. Monez, A. M. C. Furlani, R. E. Schaffer, N. K. Fageria, C. A. Roselem, and H. Cantarella, 75–95. Compinas, Brazil: Brazilian Soil Science Society.
   Google Scholar
• Baligar, V. C., N. K. Fageria, and Z. H. He. 2001. Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Communications in Soil Science Plant Analysis 32: 921–950.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. 1993. Plant nutrient utilization and diagnostic plant symptoms. In: nutrient deficiencies and toxicities in crop plants, ed. W. F. Bennett 1–7. St. Paul, Minnesota: The American Phytopathological Society.
   Google Scholar
• Cabala-Rosand, P. M., B. M. Santana, and C. J. L. de. Santana. 1989. Cacao In: Detecting mineral nutrient deficiencies in tropical and temperate crops, eds. D. L. Plucknett and H. B. Sprague, 409–425. Boulder CO: Westview Tropical Agriculture Series, Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dou, H., A. K. Alva, and B. R. Bondada. 1999. Growth and chloroplast ultrastructure of two citrus rootstock seedlings in response to ammonium and nitrate nutrition. Journal of Plant nutrition 22: 1731–1744.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fageria, N. K. 1992. Maximizing crop yields. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.
   Google Scholar
• Fageria, N. K., V. C. Baligar, and C. A. Jones. 2011. Growth and mineral nutrition of field crops. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fageria, N. K., L. F. Stone, and A. B. Santos 2003. Fertility management of irrigated rice. Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil, EMBRAPA Center for Rice and Beans (in Portuguese).
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Crespo, E., G. Camanes, and P. Garcia-Augstin. 2012. Ammonium enhances resistance to salinity stress in citrus plants. Journal of Plant Physiology 169: 1183–1191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried, M., F. Zsoldos, P. B. Vose, and I. L. Shatokhim. 1965. Characterizing the No and NH4 uptake process of rice roots by use of 15N labeled NH4NO3. Physiology Planta 18: 313–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadfield, W. 1979. Climatic constraints in Ecudoorian cocoa production. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Cocoa Research Conference, pp. 13–24, Douala, Cameroon.
   Google Scholar
• Hardy, F. 1953. The deterioration of cacao soils in Trinidad Republic. Cacao Research 1945–51: 83–88.
   Google Scholar
• Ismunadji, M., and W. Dijkshoorn. 1971. Nitrogen nutrition of rice plants measured by growth and nutrient content in pot experiments. Ionic balance and selective uptake. Netherland Journal Agricultural Science 19: 223–236.
   Google Scholar
• Jarrell, W. M., and R. B. Beverly. 1981. The dilution effect in plant nutrition studies. Advances in Agronomy 34: 197–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan, C. F. 1982. Amazon rainforest. American Scientist 70: 394–401.
   Google Scholar
• Jungk, A. O. 1991. Dynamics of nutrient movement at the soil-root interface. In: Plant Roots: The Hidden Half. eds. Y. Waisel, A. Eshel, and U. Kafkafi, 455–481. New York NY: Marcel Dekker.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkby, E. A. 1981. Plant growth in relation to nitrogen supply. In: Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycles eds. F. E. Clarke, and T. Rosswall. Ecology Bulletin Stockholm 33: 249–267.
   Google Scholar
• Li, S. K., Z. H. Wang, and B. A. Stewart. 2013. Response of crop plants to ammonium and nitrate N. Advances in Agronomy 118: 205–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machicado, M., and D. Boynton. 1960. Effect of three nitrogen sources and two light intensities on the nitrogen constituents of cocoa seedling leaves of three different ages. pp. 345–354. Trinidad and Tobago Proceeding of 8th. International-American Cacao Conference.
   Google Scholar
• Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 2nd edn San Diego, California: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marschner, H., M. Haussling, and E. George. 1991. Ammonium and nitrate uptake rates and rhizosphere pH in non-mycorrizal roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst). Trees 5: 14–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mengel, K. 1974. Plant ionic status. In: The Plant Roots and Its Environment. eds. E. W. Carson, 62–81. Charlottesville, Virginia: University Press of Virginia.
   Google Scholar
• Mengel, K., E. A. Kirkby, H. Kosegarten, and T. Appel. 2001. Principles of plant nutrition. 5th ed, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Mengel, K., P. Robin, and L. Salsac. 1983. Nitrate reductase in shoots and roots of maize seedlings as affected by the form of nitrogen nutrition and the pH of the nutrient solution. Plant Physiology 71: 618–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mengel, K., and M. Viro. 1978. The significance of plant energy status for the uptake and incorporation of NH4-nitrogen by young rice plants. Soil Science Plant Nutrition 24: 407–416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minotti, P. L., D. C. Williams, and W. A. Jackson. 1969. Nitrate uptake by wheat as influenced ammonium and other cations. Crop Science 9: 9–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss, D. N. 1984. Photosynthesis, respiration, and photorespiration in higher plants. In: Physiological basis of crop growth and development, ed. M. B. Tesar. 131–152. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, J. M. 1984. Photosynthetic carbon metabolism in leaves and isolated chloroplasts from spinach plants grown under short and intermediate photosynthetic period. Plant Physiology 75: 397–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snoeck, J. 1987. Cacao. In: Plant analysis: As a guide to the nutrient requirements of temperate and tropical crops eds. P. Martin-Prevel, J. Gagnard, and P. Gautier. 432–439. New York, NY: Lavoisier Publishing Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Song, W., J. Li, H. Sun, S. Huang, X. Gong, Q. Ma, Y. Zhang, and G. Xu. 2013. Increased photosynthetic capacity in response to nitrate is correlated with enhanced cytokinin levels in rice cultivar with high responsiveness to nitrogen nutrients. Plant soil 373: 981–993.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessel, M. 1971. Fertilizer requirements of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) in South-Western Nigeria. Communications No 61 Department of Agricultural Research Royal Tropical Institute Wageningen, The Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• White, G. C., and D. W. P. Greenham. 1967. Seasonal trends in mineral nitrogen content of the soil in a long-term NPK trial on dessert apples. Journal Horticulture Science 42: 419–428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiesler, F. 1997. Agronomical and physiological aspects of ammonium and nitrate nutrition of plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 160: 227–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, G. A. R., and R. A. Lass. 2001. Cocoa, 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
   Google Scholar
• Wolf, B. 1982. A comprehensive system of leaf analyses and its use for diagnosing crop nutrient status. Communications Soil Science and Plant Analysis 13: 1035–1059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar