The enhancement of bioactive potential in Vitis vinifera leaves by application of microspheres loaded with biological and chemical agents

References

• Albayrak, S., A. Aksoy, O. Sagdic, and E. Hamzaoglu. 2010. Compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Helychrysum (Asteraceae) species collected from Turkey. Food Chemistry 119 (1):114–22. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balasundram, N., K. Sundram, and S. Samman. 2006. Phenolic compounds in plants and Agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chemistry 99 (1):191–203. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balik, J., M. Kyselakova, N. Vrchotova, J. Triska, M. Kumšta, J. Veverka, P. Hic, J. Totušek, and D. Lefnerova. 2008. Relations between polyphenols content and antioxidant activity in vine grapes and leaves. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 26:24–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benítez, T., A. M. Rincón, M. C. Limón, and A. C. Codón. 2004. Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. International Microbiology 7:249–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand-Williams, W., M. E. Cuvelier, and C. Berset. 1995. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie 28:25–30. doi: 10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernomorsky, S., A. Segelman, and R. D. Poretz. 1999. Effect of dietary chlorophyll derivatives on mutagenesis and tumor cell growth. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 19 (5):313–22. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(1999)19:5<313::AID-TCM1>3.0.CO;2-G.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ciccarese, A., A. M. Stellacci, G. Gentilesco, and P. Rubino. 2013. Effectiveness of pre- and post-veraison calcium applications to control decay and maintain table grape fruit quality during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 75:135–41. doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.08.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conradie, W. J. 1981. Seasonal uptake of nutrients by Chenin blanc in sand culture: II. Phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. South African Journal for Enology and Viticulture 2:7–13.
   Google Scholar
• Coombe, B. G. 1995. Adoption of a system for identifying grapevine growth stages. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 1 (2):104–10. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00086.x.
   Google Scholar
• Dubos, B., F. Jailloux, and J. Bulit. 1982. Protection of the vineyard against gray rot: The antagonistic properties of Trichoderma against Botrytis cinerea. Les Colloques de l'INRA 11:205–19.
   Google Scholar
• Felicio, J. D., R. S. Santos, and E. Gonzalez. 2001. Chemical constituents from Vitis Vinifera (Vitaceae). Arquivos Do Instituto Biologico 68:47–50.
   Google Scholar
• Fourie, P. H., F. Halleen, J. Van der Vyver, and W. Schreuder. 2001. Effect of Trichoderma treatments on the occurrence of decline pathogens in the roots and rootstocks of nursery grapevines. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 40:473–78.
   Google Scholar
• Gladstone, J. 2011. Wine, terroir and climate change. Australia, Kent Town: Wakefield Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grondona, I., R. Hermosa, M. Tejada, M. D. Gomis, P. F. Mateos, P. D. Bridge, E. Monte, and I. García-Acha. 1997. Physiological and biochemical characterization of Trichoderma harzianum, a biological control agent against soilborne fungal plant pathogens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63:3189–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halleen, F., P. H. Fourie, and P. J. Lombard. 2010. Protection of grapevine pruning wounds against Eutypa lata by biological and chemical methods. South African Journal for Enology and Viticulture 31:125–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkesford, M., W. Horst, T. Kichey, H. Lambers, J. Schjoerring, M. Skrumsager Møller, and P. White. 2011. White functions of macronutrients. In Mineral nutrition of higher plants, ed. H. Marschner. 3rd ed., 135–189. San Diego: Academic Press Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Hörtensteiner, S., and B. Kräutler. 2011. Chlorophyll breakdown in higher plants. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1807 (8):977–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Y., J. Sheng, F. Yang, and Q. Hu. 2007. Effect of enzyme inactivation by microwave and oven heating on preservation quality of green tea. Journal of Food Engineering 78 (2):687–92. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.11.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hugueney, P., F. Bouvier, A. Badillo, J. Quennemet, A. d'Harlingue, and B. Camara. 1996. Development and stress regulation of gene expression for plastid and cytosolic isoprenoid pathways in pepper fruits. Plant Physiology 111 (2):619–26. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.2.619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, M., M. Park, H. Lee, Y.-H. Kang, E. Kang, and S. Kim. 2006. Antidiabetic agents from medicinal plants. Current Medicinal Chemistry 13 (10):1203–18. doi: 10.2174/092986706776360860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katalinić, V., S. S. Mozina, I. Generalić, D. Lj. Skroza, and A. Klancnik. 2011. Phenolic profile, Antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts from six Vitis vinifera L. Varieties. International Journal of Food Properties 16:45–60. doi: 10.1080/10942912.2010.526274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koşar, M., E. Küpeli, H. Malyer, V. Uylaşer, C. Türkben, and H. C. K. Başer. 2007. Effect of brining on biological activity of leaves of Vitis vinifera L. (Cv. Sultani Çekirdeksiz) from Turkey. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55 (11):4596–603. doi: 10.1021/jf070130s.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotze, C., J. Van Niekerk, L. Mostert, F. Halleen, and P. Fourie. 2011. Evaluation of biocontrol agents for grapevine pruning wound protection against trunk pathogen infection. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 50:247–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kryštofova, S., L. Varečka, and V. Betina. 1996. Effects of agents affecting Ca2+ homeostasis on trichoderma viride growth and conidiation. Folia Microbiologica 41:249–53. doi: 10.1007/BF02814625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makwana, S. A., N. D. Polara, and R. R. Viradia. 2014. Effect of pre-cooling on post harvest life of mango. Food Science and Technology 2:6–13.
   Google Scholar
• Mandels, M., and E. T. Reese. 1957. Induction of cellulase in Trichoderma viride as influenced by carbon sources and metals. Journal of Bacteriology 73 (2):269–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullins, M. G., A. Bouquet, and L. E. Williams. 1992. Biology of the grapevine. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mutawila, C., P. H. Fourie, F. Halleen, and L. Mostert. 2011. Grapevine cultivar variation to pruning wounds protection by Trichoderma species against trunk pathogens. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 50:264–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naeem, M., T. Aftab, A. A. Ansari, M. Idrees, A. Ali, M. Masroor, A. Khan, M. Uddin, and L. Varshney. 2015. Radiolytically degraded sodium alginate enhances plant growth, physiological activities and alkaloids production in Catharanthus roseus L. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 8 (4):606–16. doi: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.07.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagata, M., and I. Yamashita. 1992. Simple method for simultaneous determination of chlorophyll and carotenoids in tomato fruit. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 39 (10):925–8. doi: 10.3136/nskkk1962.39.925.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OIV (Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin). 1996. Resolution vitis 4/95. Diagnostic Foliaire: Une Méthode Harmonisée. Bull. OIV 68:35–40.
   Google Scholar
• OIV-The International Organisation of Vine and Wine 2013. Compendium of international methods of wine and must analysis. France, Paris: International Office of the Vine and Wine. OIV-MA-AS313-01.
   Google Scholar
• Ough, C. S., and M. A. Amerine. 1988. Acidity and Individual acids. In Methods for analysis of musts and wine. 2nd ed., 50–70. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Pal, R. N., and M. M. Laloraya. 1972. Effect of calcium levels on chlorophyll synthesis in peanut and linseed plants. Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen 163 (5):443–49. doi: 10.1016/S0015-3796(17)31269-6.
   Google Scholar
• Palocci, C., A. Valletta, L. Chronopoulou, L. Donati, M. Bramosanti, E. Brasili, B. Baldan, and G. Pasqua. 2017. Endocytic pathways involved in PLGA nanoparticle uptake by grapevine cells and role of cell wall and membrane in size selection. Plant Cell Reports 36 (12):1917–28. doi: 10.1007/s00299-017-2206-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, H. J., and H. C. Cha. 2003. Flavonoids from leaves and exocarps of Grape Kyoho. Korean Journal of Biological Sciences 7 (4):327–30. doi: 10.1080/12265071.2003.9647723.
   Google Scholar
• Perucka, I., and K. Olszówka. 2012. Effect of foliar calcium chloride treatment on the level of chlorogenic acid, β-carotene, lutein and tocopherols in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Acta Agrobotanica 64 (1):65–72. doi: 10.5586/aa.2011.008.
   Google Scholar
• Poni, S., M. Gatti, A. Palliotti, Z. Dai, E. Duchêne, T. T. Truong, G. Ferrara, A. M. S. Matarrese, A. Gallotta, A. Bellincontro, et al. 2018. Grapevine quality: A multiple choice issue. Scientia Horticulturae 234:445–462.
   Google Scholar
• Radovanović, B. C., A. N. Radovanović, and J. M. Souquet. 2010. Phenolic profile and free radical-scavenging activity of Cabernet Sauvignon wines of different geographical origins from the Balkan region. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 90 (14):2455–61. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.4106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raven, J. A., M. Andrews, and A. Quigg. 2005. The evolution of oligotrophy: Implications for the breeding of crop plants for low input agricultural systems. Annals of Applied Biology 146 (3):261–80. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2005.040138.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Re, R., N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang, and C. Rice-Evans. 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 26:1231–37. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renaud, S., and M. Lorgeril. 1992. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet (London, England) 339 (8808):1523–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rock, C. D., and J. A. D. Zeevaart. 1991. The aba mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is impaired in epoxy-carotenoid biosynthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 88 (17):7496–49. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.17.7496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salisbury, F. B., and C. W. Ross. 1992. Plant physiology. 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Sangiovanni, E., C. Di Lorenzo, E. Colombo, F. Colombo, M. Fumagalli, G. Frigerio, P. Restani, and M. Dell’Agli. 2015. The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the anti-inflammatory activity of Vitis vinifera L. leaves. Food & Function 6:2453–63. doi: 10.1039/C5FO00410A.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos-Buelga, C., and A. Scalbert. 2000. Proanthocyanidins and tannin-like compounds – Nature, occurrence, dietary intake and effects on nutrition and health. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80 (7):1094–117. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<1094::AID-JSFA569>3.0.CO;2-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoedl, K., R. Schuhmacher, and A. Forneck. 2012. Studying the polyphenols of grapevine leaves according to age and insertion level under controlled conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 141:37–41. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.04.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singleton, V. L., R. Orthofer, and R. N. Lamuela-Raventós. 1999. Analysis of total phenol and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymology 299:152–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Šimković, M., P. Ditte, A. Kurucova, B. Lakatoš, and L. Varečka. 2008. Ca2+ dependent induction of conidiation in submerged cultures of Trichoderma viride. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54:291–98. doi: 10.1139/W08-001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steyaert, J. M., J. R. Weld, A. Mendoza, and A. Stewart. 2010. Reproduction without sex: Conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma. Microbiology-Sgm 156 (10):2887–900. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.041715-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strzalka, K., A. Kostecka-Gugala, and D. Latowski. 2003. Carotenoids and environmental stress in plants: Significance of carotenoid-mediated modulation of membrane physical properties. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 50:168–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topolovec-Pintarić, S., I. Žutić, and E. Đermić. 2013. Enhanced growth of cabbage and red beet by trichoderma viride. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 101:87–92.
   Google Scholar
• Trinci, A. P. J. 1972. Culture turbidity as a measure of mould growth. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 58 (3):467–74. doi: 10.1016/S0007-1536(72)80095-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valletta, A., L. Chronopoulou, C. Palocci, B. Baldan, L. Donati, and G. Pasqua. 2014. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles uptake by Vitis vinifera and grapevine-pathogenic fungi. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 16:2744–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Leeuwen, C., P. Friant, X. Choné, O. Tregoat, S. Koundouras, and D. Dubourdieu. 2004. Influence of climate, soil, and cultivar on terroir. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 55:2017–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinceković, M., N. Jalšenjak, S. Topolovec-Pintarić, E. Đermić, M. Bujan, and S. Jurić. 2016. Encapsulation of biological and chemical agents for plant nutrition and protection: Chitosan/alginate microcapsules loaded with copper cations and Trichoderma viride. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64 (43):8073–83. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinceković, M., S. Jurić, E. Đermić, and S. Topolovec-Pintarić. 2017. Kinetics and mechanisms of chemical and biological agents release from biopolymeric microspheres. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65 (44):9608–17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waghunde, R. R., P. John, B. M. Naik, K. U. Solanky, and A. N. Sabalpara. 2010. Optical density – A tool for the estimation of spore count of Trichoderma viride. Journal of Biopesticides 3:624–6.
   Google Scholar
• Willows, R. D. 2003. Biosynthesis of chlorophylls from protoporphyrin IX. Natural Product Reports 20 (3):327–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, P. R., J. G. Lashbrooke, E. Alexandersson, D. Jacobson, C. Moser, R. Velasco, and M. A. Vivier. 2012. The genes and enzymes of the carotenoid metabolic pathway in Vitis vinifera L. BMC Genomics 13:243–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yumbya, P., J. Ambuko, S. Shibairo, and W. O. Owino. 2014. Effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the shelf life and postharvest quality of purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis sims). Journal of Postharvest Technology 2:25–36.
   Google Scholar