Foliar application of zinc alleviates the heat stress of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)

References

• Abbasi, M. W., N. Ahmed, M. J. Zaki, and S. S. Shaukat. 2008. Effect of Barleria acanthoides Vahl. on root-knot nematode infection and growth of infected okra and brinjal plants. Pakistan Journal of Botany 40 (5):2193–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aebi, H. 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology 105:121–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alharby, H. F., E. M. R. Metwali, M. P. Fuller, and A. Y. Aldhebiani. 2016. Impact of application of zinc oxide nanoparticles on callus induction, plant regeneration, element content and antioxidant enzyme activity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) under salt stress. Archives of Biological Sciences 68 (4):723–35. doi: 10.2298/ABS151105017A.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alloway, B. J. 2008. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. Brussels, Belgium: International Zinc Association.
   Google Scholar
• Almeselmani, M., P. S. Deshmukh, R. K. Sairam, S. R. Kushwaha, and T. P. Singh. 2006. Protective role of antioxidant enzymes under high temperature stress. Plant Science 171 (3):382–8. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.04.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asada, K. 2006. Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts and their functions. Plant Physiology 141 (2):391–6. doi: 10.1104/pp.106.082040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf, M. Y., N. Iqbal, M. Ashraf, and J. Akhter. 2014. Modulation of physiological and biochemical metabolites in salt stressed rice by foliar application of zinc. Journal of Plant Nutrition 37 (3):447–57. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2013.864309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakardjieva, N. T., K. N. Christov, and N. V. Christova. 2000. Effect of calcium and zinc on the activity and thermostability of superoxide dismutase. Biologia Plantarum 43 (1):73–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barak, P., and P. A. Helmke. 1993. The chemistry of zinc. In Zinc in soils and plants, ed. A. D. Robson, 1–13. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72 (1–2):248–54. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, P. H., I. Cakmak, and Q. Zhang. 1993. Form and function of zinc plants. In Zinc in soils and plants, ed. A. D. Robson, 93–106. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Bukhov, N. G. 2004. Dynamic light regulation of photosynthesis (a review). Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 51 (6):742–53. doi: 10.1023/B:RUPP.0000047822.66925.bf.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bybordi, A., and G. Mamedov. 2010. Evaluation of application methods efficiency of zinc and iron for canola (Brassica napus L.). Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2 (1):94–103. doi: 10.15835/nsb213531.
   Google Scholar
• Cakmak, I. 2000. Possible roles of zinc in protecting plant cells from damage by reactive oxygen species. The New Phytologist 146 (2):185–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chance, B., and A. C. Maehly. 1955. Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods in Enzymology 2:764–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y. Y. 1984. Fuzzy mathematics. Wuhan, China: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cherif, J., N. Derbel, M. Nakkach, H. Von Bergmann, F. Jemal, and Z. B. Lakhdar. 2010. Analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence spectra to monitor physiological state of tomato plants growing under zinc stress. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 101 (3):332–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.08.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coolong, T. W., W. M. Randle, H. D. Toler, and C. E. Sams. 2004. Zinc availability in hydroponic culture influences glucosinolate concentrations in Brassica rapa. Hortscience 39 (1):84–6. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI.39.1.84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, L., J. Li, Y. Fan, S. Xu, and Z. Zhang. 2006. High temperature effects on photosynthesis, PSII functionality and antioxidant activity of two Festuca arundinacea cultivars with different heat susceptibility. Botanical Studies 47 (1):61–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, C., Y. Z. Zhang, Y. A. Wang, X. D. Fan, Y. J. Yan, and Y. P. Zhang. 2013. Effects of zinc deficiency on photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of apple leaves. Scientia Agricutura Sinica 46 (18):3826–33.
   Google Scholar
• Gill, S. S., and N. Tuteja. 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 48 (12):909–30. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Coronado, F., M. J. Poblaciones, A. S. Almeida, and I. Cakmak. 2016. Zinc (Zn) concentration of bread wheat grown under Mediterranean conditions as affected by genotype and soil/foliar Zn application. Plant and Soil 401 (1–2):331–46. doi: 10.1007/s11104-015-2758-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, A. W. 2004. Effects of zinc nutrition and high temperature on the growth, yield and grain quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Adelaide, Australia: School of Agriculture and Wine, University of Adelaide.
   Google Scholar
• Hafeez, B., Y. M. Khanif, and M. Saleem. 2013. Role of zinc in plant nutrition-a review. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 3 (2):374–91. doi: 10.9734/AJEA/2013/2746.
   Google Scholar
• Han, W., and M. He. 2010. Short-term effects of exogenous protease application on soil fertility with rice straw incorporation. European Journal of Soil Biology 46 (2):144–50. doi: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2010.01.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, W., Y. Jing, and T. Li. 2015. Compensatory growth in Microcystis aeruginosa after moderate high-temperature exposure. Journal of Limnology 74 (3):549–58. doi: 10.4081/jlimnol.2015.1164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasanuzzaman, M., K. Nahar, M. M. Alam, R. Roychowdhury, and M. Fujita. 2013. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14 (5):9643–84. doi: 10.3390/ijms14059643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havaux, M., and F. Tardy. 1999. Loss of chlorophyll with limited reduction of photosynthesis as an adaptive response of Syrian barley landraces to high-light and heat stress. Functional Plant Biology 26 (6):569–78. doi: 10.1071/PP99046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriques, F. S. 2001. Loss of blade photosynthetic area and of chloroplasts' photochemical capacity account for reduced CO2 assimilation rates in zinc-deficient sugar beet leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology 158 (7):915–9. doi: 10.1078/0176-1617-00274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, F. 2012. Synthesis and diological activity of derivatives of dihydromyricetin, chlorophyll and their metal complexes. Nanning, China: Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, B., X. Liu, and Q. Xu. 2001. Supraoptimal soil temperatures induced oxidative stress in leaves of creeping bentgrass cultivars differing in heat tolerance. Crop Science 41 (2):430–5. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2001.412430x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, S. G., H. C. Chao, and H. L. Lin. 2018. Differential responses of pakchoi and edible amaranth to an elevated temperature. Hortscience 53 (2):195–9. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI12667-17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jegerschöld, C., F. MacMillan, W. Lubitz, and A. W. Rutherford. 1999. Effects of copper and zinc ions on photosystem II studied by EPR spectroscopy. Biochemistry 38 (38):12439. doi: 10.1021/bi990236j.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jie, M. 2009. Studies on photoinhibition, photoprotection mechanisms, and the effects of zinc on them in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.var italicap) leaves. Lanzhou, China: Northwest A&F University.
   Google Scholar
• Larkom, J. 1991. Oriental vegetables: The complete guide for garden and kitchen. London, UK: John Murray.
   Google Scholar
• Li, M., S. Wang, X. Tian, J. Zhao, H. Li, C. Guo, Y. Chen, and A. Zhao. 2015. Zn distribution and bioavailability in whole grain and grain fractions of winter wheat as affected by applications of soil N and foliar Zn combined with N or P. Journal of Cereal Science 61:26–32. doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.09.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, T., W. Dai, F. Sun, X. Yang, A. Xiong, and X. Hou. 2014. Cloning and characterization of the nitrate transporter gene BraNRT2.1 in non-heading Chinese cabbage. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 36 (4):815–23. doi: 10.1007/s11738-013-1460-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobell, D. B., W. Schlenker, and J. Costa-Roberts. 2011. Climate trends and global crop production since 1980. Science (New York, N.Y.) 333 (6042):616–20. doi: 10.1126/science.1204531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makino, A., T. Shimada, S. Takumi, K. Kaneko, M. Matsuoka, K. Shimamoto, H. Nakano, M. Miyao-Tokutomi, T. Mae, and N. Yamamoto. 1997. Does decrease in ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase by antisense RbcS lead to a higher N-use efficiency of photosynthesis under conditions of saturating CO2 and light in rice plants? Plant Physiology 114 (2):483–91. doi: 10.1104/pp.114.2.483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marschner, H. 1986. Mineral nutrition in higher plants. London, UK: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Monnet, F., N. Vaillant, P. Vernay, A. Coudret, H. Sallanon, and A. Hitmi. 2001. Relationship between PSII activity, CO2 fixation, and Zn, Mn and Mg contents of Lolium perenne under zinc stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 158 (9):1137–44. doi: 10.1078/S0176-1617(04)70140-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohki, K. 1976. Effect of zinc nutrition on photosynthesis and carbonic anhydrase activity in cotton. Physiologia Plantarum 38 (4):300–4. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1976.tb04007.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, N., B. Gupta, and G. C. Pathak. 2013. Enhanced yield and nutritional enrichment of seeds of Pisum sativum L. through foliar application of zinc. Scientia Horticulturae 164:474–83. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2013.10.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, A. W., and G. K. McDonald. 2010. Adequate zinc nutrition alleviates the adverse effects of heat stress in bread wheat. Plant and Soil 337 (1–2):355–74. doi: 10.1007/s11104-010-0532-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulgar, G., G. Víllora, J. Hernández, N. Castilla, and L. Romero. 2000. Temperature in relation to phosphorus nutrition in Chinese cabbage. Journal of Plant Nutrition 23 (6):719–30. doi: 10.1080/01904160009382054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinowitch, H. D., and D. Sklan. 1980. Superoxide dismutase: A possible protective agent against sunscald in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Planta 148 (2):162–7. doi: 10.1007/BF00386417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razzaq, K., A. S. Khan, A. U. Malik, M. Shahid, and S. Ullah. 2013. Foliar application of zinc influences the leaf mineral status, vegetative and reproductive growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin. Journal of Plant Nutrition 36 (10):1479–95. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2013.785567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rout, G. R., and P. Das. 2009. Effect of metal toxicity on plant growth and metabolism: I. zinc. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Sarwar, S.,. E. Rafique, S. M. Gill, and M. Z. Khan. 2017. Improved productivity and zinc content for maize grain by different zinc fertilization techniques in calcareous soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition 40 (3):417–26. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2016.1245322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savicka, M., and N. Škute. 2010. Effects of high temperature on malondialdehyde content, superoxide production and growth changes in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). Ekologija 56 (1):26–33. doi: 10.2478/v10055-010-0004-x.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, P. N., A. Tripathi, and S. S. Bisht. 1995. Zinc requirement for stomatal opening in cauliflower. Plant Physiology 107 (3):751–6. doi: 10.1104/pp.107.3.751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava, P. C., and U. C. Gupta. 1996. Trace elements in crop production. Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA: Science Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, R. R. C., and J. D. Bewley. 1980. Lipid peroxidation associated with accelerated aging of soybean axes. Plant Physiology 65 (2):245–8. doi: 10.1104/pp.65.2.245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan, G., U. Najeeb, G. Jilani, M. S. Naeem, and W. Zhou. 2011. Calcium invigorates the cadmium-stressed Brassica napus L. plants by strengthening their photosynthetic system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 18 (9):1478–86. doi: 10.1007/s11356-011-0509-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., R. L. Liu, and J. Y. Jin. 2009. Effects of zinc and soil moisture on photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of maize. Biologia Plantarum 53 (1):191–4. doi: 10.1007/s10535-009-0033-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., Y. Feng, H. Wang, M. Zhong, W. Chen, and H. Du. 2016. Physiological and proteomic analyses of two Gracilaria lemaneiformis strains in response to high-temperature stress. Journal of Applied Phycology 28 (3):1847–58. doi: 10.1007/s10811-015-0723-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeler, T., and J. Von Braun. 2013. Climate change impacts on global food security. Science (New York, N.Y.) 341 (6145):508–13. doi: 10.1126/science.1239402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, F. Z., W. K. Bao, F. L. Li, and N. Wu. 2008. Effects of water stress and nitrogen supply on leaf gas exchange and fluorescence parameters of Sophora davidii seedlings. Photosynthetica 46 (1):40–8. doi: 10.1007/s11099-008-0008-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, F., Z. Q. Yang, and K. W. Lee. 2016. Photosynthetic and physiological responses to high temperature in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves during the seedling stage. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 92 (1):2–10. doi: 10.1080/14620316.2016.1211493.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X. E. 2002. Assessing zinc thresholds for phytotoxicity and potential dietary toxicity in selected vegetable crops. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 34 (9–10):625–35. doi: 10.1081/CSS-120020454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, Q., L. Osborne, and Z. Rengel. 1999. Micronutrient deficiency influences plant growth and activities of superoxide dismutases in narrow-leafed lupins. Annals of Botany 83 (2):175–82. doi: 10.1006/anbo.1998.0811.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, A., X. Tian, Y. Cao, X. Lu, and T. Liu. 2014. Comparison of soil and foliar zinc application for enhancing grain zinc content of wheat when grown on potentially zinc-deficient calcareous soils. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 94 (10):2016–22. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, L. 1994. Regularities of content and distribution of zinc in soils of China. Scientia Agricutura Sinica 27 (1):30–7.
   Google Scholar