Phosphorus influences the performance of mycorrhiza and organic manure in maize production

References

• Adrienn, V. S., and J. Nagy. 2012. Effects of nutrition and water supply on the yield and grain protein content of maize hybrids. Australian Journal of Crop Science 6 (3):381–90.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad, N., M. Rashid, and A. G. Vaes. 1996. Fertilizers and their uses in Pakistan, 142–75. Pakistan: National Fertilizer Development Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Karaki, G. N. 2000. Growth of mycorrhizal tomato and mineral acquisition under salt stress. Mycorrhiza 10 (2):51–4. doi: 10.1007/s005720000055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. M., and J. S. L. Ingram. 1993. Tropical soil biology and fertility (TSBF): A handbook of methods, 221. 2nd ed. UK: Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences, CAB International.
   Google Scholar
• Asimi, S., V. Gianinazzi-Pearson, and S. Gianinazzi. 1980. Influence of increasing soil phosphorus levels on interactions between vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae and Rhizobium in soybeans. Canadian Journal of Botany 58 (20):2200–5. doi: 10.1139/b80-253.
   Google Scholar
• Bai, J. F., X. G. Lin, R. Yin, H. Y. Zhang, J. H. Wang, X. M. Chen, and Y. M. Luo. 2008. The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on As and P uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) from As-contaminated soils. Applied Soil Ecology 38 (2):137–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bationo, A., J. Kimetu, S. Ikeera, S. Kimani, D. Mugendi, M. Odendo, M. J. Silver, and N. Sanginga. 2004. The African Network for soil biology and fertility: New challenges and opportunities. In Managing nutrient cycles to sustain soil fertility in sub-Saharan Africa, ed. A. Bationo, 1–23. Nairobi, Kenya: Academic Science Publishers and Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT.
   Google Scholar
• Bello, S. K., A. A. Yusuf, and M. Cargele. 2018. Performance of cowpea as influenced by native strain of rhizobia, lime and phosphorus in Samaru. Symbiosis 75 (3):167–76. doi: 10.1007/s13199-017-0507-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beltrano, J., M. Ruscitti, M. C. Arango, and M. Ronco. 2013. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation on plant growth, biological and physiological parameters and mineral nutrition in pepper grown under different salinity and p levels. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 13:123–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner, J. M., and C. S. Mulvaney. 1982. Nitrogen-total. In Methods of soil analysis, part 2, ed. A. L. Page, R. H. Miller, and D. R. Keeney, vol. 9, 595–624. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: American Society of Agronomy.
   Google Scholar
• Bruce, A., W. E. Smith, and M. Tester. 1994. The development of mycorrhizal infection in cucumber: Effects of P supply on root growth, formation of entry points and growth of infection units. New Phytologist 127 (3):507–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Fouly, M. M., and A. A. El-Sayed. 1997. Foliar Fertilization: An environmentally friendly application of fertilizers. Dahlia Greidinger International Symposium on "Fertilization and Environment", Haifa, Israel, 346–57.
   Google Scholar
• Evelin, H., B. Giri, and R. Kapoor. 2012. Contribution of Glomus intraradices inoculation to nutrient acquisition and mitigation of ionic imbalance in NaCl-stressed Trigonella foenum-graecum. Mycorrhiza 22:203–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezui, K. S., C. K. Daudu, A. Mando, M. T. Kudi, A. C. Odunze, J. O. Adeosun, I. Y. Amapu, B. Tarfa, I. Sambo, I. Bello, et al. 2010. Informed site specific fertilizer recommendation for upland rice production in northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Second Africa Rice Congress, Bamako, Mali 2 (11):1–9.
   Google Scholar
• FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations). 2015. Plant production and protection division: Fertilizer specification. http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematicsitemap/theme/spi/plantnutrition/fertspecs/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Fellbaum, C. R., E. W. Gachomo, Y. Beesetty, S. Choudhari, G. D. Strahan, P. E. Pfeffer, E. T. Kiers, and H. Bücking. 2012. Carbon availability triggers fungal nitrogen uptake and transport in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 (7):2666–71. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1118650109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gee, G. W., and J. W. Bauder. 1986. Particle-size analysis. In Methods of soil analysis. Part physical and mineralogical methods, 383–411. 2nd ed. Madison: American Society of Agronomy.
   Google Scholar
• Ghosh, P. K., K. K. Bandyopadhyay, M. C. Manna, A. K. Misra, K. G. Mandal, and K. M. Hati. 2004. Comparative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphocompost and fertilizer-NPK on three cropping systems in vertisols of semi-arid tropics. II. Dry matter, nodulation, chlorophyll content and enzyme activity. Bioresource Technology 95:83–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovanetti, M., and B. Mosse. 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytology 84:489–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, C., S. Bittman, M. Montreal, C. Plenchette, and C. Morel. 2005. Soil and fertilizer phosphorus: Effects on plant P supply and mycorrhizal development. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85 (1):3–14. doi: 10.4141/P03-182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawi, M., S. Tesfaye, and T. Solomon. 2015. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and tillage effects on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) at Dugda District in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Crop Science 7:277–85.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins, T. S., R. E. S. Gardine, and G. S. Comer. 2009. Modeling the relationship between extractable chlorophyll and SPAD-502 readings for endangered plant species research. Journal for Nature Conservation 17 (2):123–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jnc.2008.12.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibiremo, O. S., M. A. Daniel, A. A. Oloyede, and G. O. Iremiren. 2011. Growth of coffee seedlings as influenced by Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate fertilizers in two soils in Nigeria. International Research Journal of Plant Science 2 (6):160–5.
   Google Scholar
• IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture). 1982. Automated and semi-automated methods of soil and plant analysis. IITA Manual Series 7:33.
   Google Scholar
• Isbell, R. F. 1996. The Australian soil classification. Australia, Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• ISRIC (International Soil Reference Information Center). 1995. In Technical paper 9: Procedure for soil analysis, ed. L. P. V. Reeuwijik. 5th ed. Wageningen: ISRIC.
   Google Scholar
• Marenya, P. P., and C. B. Barrett. 2007. Household-level determinants of improved natural resource management practices among smallholder farmers in western Kenya. Food Policy 32 (4):515–36. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.10.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masood, T., R. Gul, F. Munsif, Z. Jalal, Z. Hussain, N. Noreen, and H. Khan. 2011. Effect of different phosphorus levels on the yield and yield components of maize. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 27 (2):167–70.
   Google Scholar
• Mfilinge, A. K., K. Mtei, and P. A. Ndakidemi. 2014. Effects of rhizobium inoculation and supplementation with P and K, on growth, leaf chlorophyll index and nitrogen fixation of bush bean varieties. American Journal of Research Communication 2 (10):49–87.
   Google Scholar
• Miranda, J. C. C., and P. J. Harris. 1994. Effects of soil phosphorus on spore germination and hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist 128 (1):103–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb03992.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, J., and J. Riley. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytical Chemistry 27:31–6.
   Google Scholar
• Nagahashi, G., and D. D. Douds Jr. 2000. Partial separation of root exudates components and their effects upon the growth of germinated spores of AM fungi. Mycological Research 104 (12):1453–64. doi: 10.1017/S0953756200002860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, D. W., and L. M. Sommers. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In Methods of soil analysis, part 2, Monogram, ed. A. L. Page, vol. 9, 2nd ed., 539–77. Madison: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, H., J. J. Schoenau, D. Nguyen, K. Van Rees, and M. Boehm. 2002. Effects of long-term nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization on cassava yield and plant nutrient composition in North Vietnam. Journal of Plant Nutrition 25 (3):425–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NSPFS (National Special Programme for Food Security). 2005. Fertility classes for top soil in Nigeria, 20. Abuja, Nigeria.
   Google Scholar
• Omar, S. A. 1995. Growth effects of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus constrictum on maize plants in pot trials. Folia Microbiologica 40 (5):503–7. doi: 10.1007/BF02814732.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Othira, J. O., J. O. Omolo, F. N. Wachira, and L. A. Onek. 2012. Effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in protection of maize (Zea mays L.) against witchweed (Striga hermonthica Del Benth) infestation. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development 4 (3):37–44.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, J. M., and D. S. Hayman. 1970. Improved procedures for cleaning roots and stain parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 55 (1):158–61. doi: 10.1016/S0007-1536(70)80110-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plenchette, C., and C. Morel. 1996. External phosphorus requirement of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal barley and soybean plants. Biology and Fertility of Soils 21 (4):303–8. doi: 10.1007/BF00334907.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajcan, I., and C. J. Swanton. 2001. Understanding maize-weed competition: Resource competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crops Research 71 (2):139–50. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4290(01)00159-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakamoto, H., Y. Susa, H. Ishiyama, T. Tomiyasu, and K. Anazawa. 2001. Analytical Sciences 17. Proceedings of IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) International Congress on Analytical Sciences, 1067–71. Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Sanginga, N., and P. L. Woomer. 2010. Integrated soil fertility management in Africa: Principles. In Practices and Developmental Process, 13. Nairobi, Kenya: TSBF-CIAT.
   Google Scholar
• SAS (Statistical Analysis System, Software version 9.3). 2011. Statistical Analysis System Institute Incorporation, Cary, NC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, A. K. 2004. Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture, 201–9. 1st ed. India: Agrobios.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, A. P., C. Sumit, M. K. Tripathi, and S. Singh. 2004. Growth and yield of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] as influenced by biofertilizer and phosphorus application. Annals of Biology 20 (2):227–32.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, S. E., and D. J. Read. 1997. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. 1st ed. San Diego, CA: London Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, S. E., and D. J. Read. 2008. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. 3rd ed. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• SPAW (Soil-Plant-Air-Water Computer Model). 2007. Soil water characteristics: Hydraulic 457 properties calculator. United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural 458 Research Services. http://www.bsyse.wsu.edu/saxton.
   Google Scholar
• Strong, W. M., and R. J. Soper. 1974. Phosphorus utilization by flax, wheat, rape, and buckwheat from a band or pellet-like application. I. Reaction zone proliferation. Agronomy Journal 66 (5):597–601. doi: 10.2134/agronj1974.00021962006600050001x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian, K. S., C. Charest, L. M. Dwyer, and R. I. Hamilton. 1997. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza on leaf water potential, sugar content and P content during drought and recovery of maize. Canadian Journal of Botany 75 (9):1582–91.
   Google Scholar
• Tagoe, S. T., T. Horiuchi, and T. Matsui. 2008. Preliminary evaluation of the effects of carbonized chicken manure, refuse derived fuel and K fertilizer application on the growth, nodulation, yield, N and P contents of soybean and cowpea in the greenhouse. African Journal of Agricultural Research 3 (11):759–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TNAU (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University). 2014. Entrepreneurial Training Manual: Organic Farming. http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/ta/org_farm/orgfarm_biofertilizertechnology_ta.html.
   Google Scholar
• Tóth, V. R., I. Mészáros, S. Z. Veres, and J. Nagy. 2002. Effects of the available nitrogen on the photosynthetic activity and xanthophyll cycle pool of maize in field. Journal of Plant Physiology 159 (6):627–34. doi: 10.1078/0176-1617-0640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanlauwe, B., A. Bationo, J. Chianu, K. E. Giller, R. Merckx, U. Mokwunye, O. Ohiokpehai, P. Pypers, R. Tabo, K. D. Shepherd, et al. 2010. Integrated soil fertility management: Operational definition and consequences for implementation and dissemination. Outlook on Agriculture 39 (1):17–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine, A. J., B. A. Osborne, and D. T. Mitchell. 2001. Interactions between phosphorus supply and total nutrient availability on mycorrhizal colonization, growth and photosynthesis of cucumber. Scientia Horticulturae 88 (3):177–89. doi: 10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00205-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X.-X., X. Wang, Y. Sun, Y. Cheng, S. Liu, X. Chen, G. Feng, and T. W. Kuyper. 2018. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi negatively affect nitrogen acquisition and grain yield of maize in a N deficient soil. Frontiers in Microbiology 9:418. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xavier, L. J. C., and J. J. Germida. 1997. Growth response of lentil and wheat to Glomus clarum NT4 over a range of P levels in a Saskatchewan soil containing indigenous AM fungi. Mycorrhiza 7 (1):3–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar