Cadmium‐induced alterations in nutrient composition and growth of betula pendula seedlings: The significance of fine roots as a primary target for cadmium toxicity

References

• Berggren , D. 1989 . Speciation of aluminum, cadmium, copper, and lead in humic soil solutions ‐a comparison of the ion exchange column procedure and equilibrium dialysis . Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. , 35 : 1 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabrera , D. , Young , S.D. and Rowell , D.L. 1988 . The toxicity of cadmium to barley plants as affected by complex formation with humic acid . Plant and Soil , 105 : 195 – 204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarkson , D.T. 1991 . “ Root structure and sites of ion uptake ” . In Roots: The Hidden Half , Edited by: Waisel , Y. , Eshel , A. and Kafkafi , U. 417 – 453 . New York, NY : Marcel Dekker, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• De Filippis , L.F. 1979 . The effect of heavy metal compopunds on the permeability of Chlorella cells . Z. Pflanzenphysiol. Bd. , 92 : 39 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godbold , D. , Schlegel , H. and Huttermann , A. 1985 . “ Heavy metals ‐a possible factor in spruce decline ” . In Waldschäden: Einflussfaktoren und ihre Bewertung. VDI‐kommission Reinhaltung det Luft , 703 – 716 . Düsseldorf, , The Netherlands : VDI‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Godbold , D.L. and Hüttermann , A. 1985 . Effect of zinc, cadmium and mercury on root elongation of Picea abies (Karst.) seedlings, and the significance of these metals to forest die‐back . Environ. Pollut. , 38 : 375 – 381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gussarsson , M. and Jensén , P. 1992 . Effects of copper and cadmium on uptake and leakage of K+ in birch (Betula pendula) roots . Tree Physiol. , 11 : 305 – 313 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagemeyer , J. , Lohrmann , D. and Breckle , S.‐W. 1993 . Development of annual xylem rings and shoot growth of young beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) grown in soil with various Cd and Zn levels . Water, Air Soil Pollut. , 69 : 351 – 361 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , P.J. , Roth , E.J. , McClure , P.R. and Naranjo , C.M. 1984 . Selection, isolation, and characterization of cadmium‐resistant Datura innoxia suspension cultures . Plant Physiol. , 75 : 914 – 918 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , D.H. , Ducke , J.G. , Frankland , B. and Kirkham , J.B. 1984 . An X‐ray microanalytical study of the distribution of cadmium in roots of Zea mays L . J. Plant Physiol. , 115 : 19 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneer , R. and Zenk , M.H. 1992 . Phytochelatins protect plant enzymes from heavy metal poisoning . Phytochemistry , 31 : 2663 – 2667 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krotz , R.M. , Evangelou , B.P. and Wagner , G.J. 1989 . Relationships between cadmium, zinc, Cd‐peptide, and organic acid in tobacco suspention cells . Plant Physiol. , 91 : 780 – 787 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamersdorf , N.P. , Godbold , D.L. and Knoche , D. 1991 . Risk assessment of some heavy metals for the growth of Norway spruce . Water, Air Soil Pollut. , 57–58 : 535 – 543 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamoreaux , R.J. and Chaney , W.R. 1977 . Growth and water movement in silver maple seedlings affected by cadmium . J. Environ. Qual. , 6 : 201 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindberg , S. and Wingstrand , G. 1985 . Mechanism for Cd2+ inhibition of (K+ + Mg2+) ATPase activity and K+(86Rb) uptake in roots of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) . Physiol. Plant. , 63 : 181 – 186 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik , D. , Sheoran , I.S. and Singh , R. 1992 . Carbon metabolism in leaves of cadmium treated wheat seedlings . Plant Physiol. Biochem. , 30 : 223 – 229 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marschner , H. 1986a . “ Nutrient physiology ” . In Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants , Edited by: Marschner , H. 57 – 59 . London, , England : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Marschner , H. 1986b . “ Nutrient physiology ” . In Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants , Edited by: Marschner , H. 243 – 254 . London, , England : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schultz , R. , Schmidt , M. , Godt , J. and Mayer , R. 1987 . Schwermetallflusse und deren Bilanzierungen in Waldokosystemen. Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für okologie (Giessen 1986) Band XVI. 1987 . VGOED/STEUBING L , 0 : 297 – 303 .
   Google Scholar
• Steffens , J.C. , Hunt , D.F. and Williams , B.G. 1986 . Ackumulation of non‐protein metal‐binding polypeptides (V‐glutamyl‐cysteinyl)n‐glycine in selected cadmium‐resistent tomato cells . J. Biol. Chem. , 261 : 13879 – 13882 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler , G. 1972 . Heavy metals pollute nature, may reduce productivity . Ambio , 1 : 52 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Vázques , M.D. , Poschenrieder , C. and Barceló , J. 1992 . Ultrastructural effects and localization of low cadmium concentrations in bean roots . New Phytol. , 120 : 215 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , J. , Evangelou , B.P. and Nielsen , M.T. 1992 . Surface chemical properties of purified root cell walls from two tobacco genotypes exhibiting different tolerance to manganese toxicity . Plant Physiol. , 100 : 496 – 501 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weigel , H.J. and Jäger , H.J. 1980 . Subcellular distribution and chemical form of cadmium in bean plants . Plant Physiol. , 65 : 480 – 482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar