Effects of low root temperature on sap flow rate, soluble carbohydrates, nitrate contents and on cytokinin and gibberellin levels in root xylem exudate of sand‐grown tomato

References

• Ali , I.A. , Kafkafi , U. , Sugimoto , Y. and Inanaga , S. 1994 . Response of sand‐grown tomato supplied with varying ratios of nitrate/ammonia to constant and variable root temperatures . J. Plant Nutri. , 17 (11) : 2001 – 2024 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugbee , B. and White , J.W. 1984 . Tomato growth as affected by root‐zone temperature and the addition of Gibberellic acid and Kinetin to nutrient solution . J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 109 (1) : 121 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butcher , D.N. 1963 . The presence of gibberellins in excised tomato roots . J. Exp. Bot. , 14 : 272 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarkson , D.T. and Deane‐Drummond , C.E. 1983 . “ Thermal adaptation of nitrate transport and assimilation in roots ” . In Nitrogen as an Ecological Factor , Edited by: Lee , J.A. , MC Neil , S. and Rorison , I.H. 211 – 224 . Oxford, , UK : Black Well .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , Y. , Takeuchi , S. , Nozaka , J. and Yano , T. 1993 . Accuracy of sap flow measurement using heat balance and heat pulse methods . Agron. J. , 85 : 1080 – 1086 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson , R.L. 1969 . Effects of edaphic factors on soluble carbohydrate content of roots of Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L . Ann. Bot. , 33 : 579 – 589 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , R.M. and Lingle , J.C. 1961 . Basis of shoot response to root temperature in tomato . Plant Physiol. , 36 : 153 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubois , M. , Gilles , K.A. , Hamilton , J.K. , Rebers , P.A. and Smith , F. 1956 . Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances . Analyt. Chem. , 28 : 350 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granato , T.C. and Raper , C.D. 1989 . Proliferation of maize (Zea mays L.) roots in response to localized supply of nitrate . J. Exp. Bot. , 40 : 263 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsyth , C. and Van Staden , J. 1981 . The effects of root decapitation on lateral root formation and cytokinin production in Pisum sativum . Physiol. Plant. , 51 : 375 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujishige , N. , Sugiyama , T. and Ogata , R. 1991 . Effect of root temperature on flower formation and fruit yield of tomatoes . J. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci. , 60 (1) : 97 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horgan , J.M. and Wareing , P.F. 1980 . Cytokinins and the growth Responses of seedlings of Betula pendula Roth, and Acer pseudoplatanus L. to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency . J. Exp. Bot. , 31 (121) : 525 – 532 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsiao , T.C. 1990 . “ Measurements of plant water status ” . In Irrigation of Agricultural Crops , Edited by: Stewart , B.A. and Nielsen , D.R. 243 – 279 . Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Hurewitz , J. , Maletta , M. and Janes , H.W. 1984 . The effects of root‐zone heating at normal and cool air temperatures on growth and photosynthetic rates of tomatoes . Acta Hortic. , 148 : 871 – 875 .
   Google Scholar
• Kafkafi , U. and Bar‐Yosef , B. 1980 . Trickle irrigation and fertilization of tomatoes in high calcareous soils . Agron. J. , 72 : 893 – 897 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauss , A. and Marschner , H. 1982 . Influence of nitrogen nutrition, day length and temperature on contents of gibberellic and abscisic acid and on tuberization in potato plants . Potato Res. , 25 : 13 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuiper , P.J.C. 1964 . Water uptake of higher plants as affected by root temperature . Mede. Landbowhogeschool Wageningen , 64 (4) : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Marschner , H. 1986 . Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants , London, , UK : Academic Press Limited .
   Google Scholar
• Mc William , J.R. , Kramer , P.J. and Musser , R.L. 1982 . Temperature‐induced water stress in chilling‐sensitive plants . Aust J. Plant Physiol. , 9 : 343 – 352 .
   Google Scholar
• Milligan , S.P. and Dale , J.E. 1988 . The effect of root treatments on growth of the primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L.: General features . New Phytol. , 108 : 27 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minchin , P.E.H. , Farrar , J.F. and Thorpe , M.R. 1994 . Partitioning of carbon in split root systems of barley: effect of temperature of the root . J. Exp. Bot. , 45 : 1103 – 1109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen , K.F. 1974 . “ Roots and root temperatures ” . In The Plant Root and its Environment , Edited by: Carson , E.W. 293 – 333 . Charlottesvill, VA : University Press of Virginia .
   Google Scholar
• Radin , J.W. 1990 . Responses of transpiration and hydraulic conductance to root temperature in nitrogen‐ and phosphorus‐deficient cotton seedlings . Plant Physiol. , 92 : 855 – 857 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shani , U. , Waisel , Y. and Eshel , A. 1995 . “ The development of melon roots under trickle irrigation: Effects of the location of the emitters ” . In Structure and Function of Roots , Edited by: Balusaca , F. 223 – 225 . The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Pub. .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , P.G. and Dale , J.E. 1988 . The effects of root cooling and excision treatments on the growth of primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L.: Rapid and reversible increases in abscisic acid content . New Phytol. , 110 : 293 – 300 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strand , M. , Peters , W. , Beck , E. and Kaminek , M. 1992 . Immunodetection and identification of N6‐(o‐Hydroxybenzyla‐mino) purine as a naturally occurring cytokinin in populus x canadensis moench cv Robusta leaves . Plant Physiol. , 99 : 74 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tardieu , F. and Davies , W.J. 1993 . Integration of hydraulic and chemical signaling in the control of stomatal conductance and water status of droughted plants . Plant, Cell and Environ. , 16 : 341 – 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Staden , J. and Davey , J.E. 1979 . The synthesis, transport and metabolism of endogenous cytokinins . Plant, Cell and Environ. , 2 : 93 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi , I. , Nakajima , M. , Kanazawa , K. , Mander , L.N. , Murofushi , N. and Takahashi , N. 1992 . “ Preparation and application of antibodies for non‐derivatized gibberellins ” . In Plant Growth Regulation , Edited by: Karssen , C.M. , Loon , L.C. and Vreugdenhil , D. 874 – 882 . The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Pub. .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , X. , Short , T.H. , Fox , R.D. and Bauerle , W.L. 1990 . Transpiration, leaf temperature and stomatal resistance of a greenhouse cucumber crop . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 51 : 197 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Former visiting professor, Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University Tottori, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan.
   Google Scholar