544
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Basic Research

Comparison of ultrastructural changes and the anticarcinogenic effects of thymol and carvacrol on ovarian cancer cells: which is more effective?

, , , , &
Pages 193-202 | Received 13 Nov 2019, Accepted 05 Mar 2020, Published online: 17 Mar 2020

References

  • Stewart C, Ralyea C, Lockwood S. Ovarian cancer: an integrated review. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2019;35(2):151–156. doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2019.02.001.
  • Edmondson RJ, Monoghan JM. The epidemiology of ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2001;11(6):423–429. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1438.2001.01053.x.
  • Sun ZL, Tang YJ, Wu WG, et al. AZD1480 can inhibit the biological behavior of ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells in vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(8):4823–4827.doi:10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.8.4823.
  • Baker TR, Piver MS. Epidemiology and etiology of ovarian cancer. Semin Surg Oncol. 1994;10(4):242–248. doi:10.1002/ssu.2980100403.
  • da Silva HB, Amaral EP, Nolasco EL. et al. Dissecting major signaling pathways throughout the development of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer. 2013;2013:920612. doi:10.1155/2013/920612.
  • Syed DN, Khan N, Afaq F, et al. Chemoprevention of prostate cancer through dietary agents: progress and promise. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16(11):2193–2203.doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0942.
  • Jackson CL, Dreaden TM, Theobald LK, et al. Pectin induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells: correlation of apoptotic function with pectin structure. Glycobiology. 2007;17(8):805–819.doi:10.1093/glycob/cwm054.
  • Gautam N, Mantha AK, Mittal S. Essential oils and their constituents as anticancer agents: a mechanistic view. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:154106. doi:10.1155/2014/154106.
  • Sobral MV, Xavier AL, Lima TC. et al. Antitumor activity of monoterpenes found in essential oils. Sci World J. 2014;2014:953451. doi:10.1155/2014/953451.
  • Arunasree KM. Antiproliferative effects of carvacrol on a human metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB231. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(8–9):581–588. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2009.12.008.
  • Kang SH, Kim YS, Kim EK, et al. Anticancer effect of thymol on AGS human gastric carcinoma cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016;26(1):28–37.doi:10.4014/jmb.1506.06073.
  • Nagoor Meeran MF, Javed H, Al Taee H. et al. Pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms of thymol: prospects for its therapeutic potential and pharmaceutical development. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:380. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00380.
  • Arab HA, Fathi M, Mortezai E, et al. Chemoprotective effect of thymol against genotoxicity induced by bleomycin in human lymphocytes. Pharm Biomed Res. 2015;1(1):26–31.doi:10.18869/acadpub.pbr.1.1.26.
  • Lee KP, Kim JE, Park WH, et al. Regulation of C6 glioma cell migration by thymol. Oncol Lett. 2016;11(4):2619–2624.doi:10.3892/ol.2016.4237.
  • Aeschbach R, Löliger J, Scott BC, et al. Antioxidant actions of thymol, carvacrol, 6-gingerol, zingerone and hydroxytyrosol. Food Chem Toxicol. 1994;32(1):31–36.doi:10.1016/0278-6915(84)90033-4.
  • Lee SY, Jin HH. Inhibitory activity of natural antimicrobial compounds alone or in combination with nisin against Enterobacter sakazakii Journal compilation. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2008;47(4):315–321. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02432.x.
  • Luo Y, Wu JY, Lu MH. et al. Carvacrol alleviates prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through regulation of PI3k/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:1469693. doi:10.1155/2016/1469693.
  • Dai W, Sun C, Huang S. et al. Carvacrol suppresses proliferation and invasion in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther. 2016;9:2297–2304. doi:10.2147/OTT.S98875.
  • Liolios CC, Gortzi O, Lalas S, et al. Liposomal incorporation of carvacrol and thymol isolated from the essential oil of Origanum dictamnus L. and in vitro antimicrobial activity. Food Chem. 2009;112(1):77–83.doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.060.
  • Abid AT, Al-Kafaji B, Karbel H, et al. Damper effect of carvacrol on T47-D, a human breast cancer cell line. Med J Babylon. 2014;11(4):792–798.doi: 10.1812-156X-11-4.
  • Koparal AT, Zeytinoglu M. Effects of carvacrol on a human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line, A549. Cytotechnology. 2003;43(1–3):149–154. doi:10.1023/B:CYTO.0000039917.60348.45.
  • Fan K, Li X, Cao Y, et al. Carvacrol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs. 2015;26(8):813–823.doi:10.1097/CAD.0000000000000263.
  • Yin QH, Yan FX, Zu XY, et al. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of carvacrol on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG-2. Cytotechnology. 2012;64(1):43–51.doi:10.1007/s10616-011-9389-y.
  • Esmaeili-Mahani S, Falahi F, Yaghoobi MM. Proapoptotic and antiproliferative effects of Thymus caramanicus on human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and its interaction with anticancer drug vincristine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:893247. doi:10.1155/2014/893247.
  • Alexa E, Sumalan RM, Danciu C, et al. Synergistic antifungal, allelopatic and anti-proliferative potential of Salvia officinalis L., and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils. Molecules. 2018;23(1):185.doi:10.3390/molecules23010185.
  • Palabiyik SS, Karakus E, Halici Z, et al. The protective effects of carvacrol and thymol against paracetamol–induced toxicity on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2). Hum Exp Toxicol. 2016;35(12):1252–1263.doi:10.1177/0960327115627688.
  • Ferraz RP, Bomfim DS, Carvalho NC, et al. Cytotoxic effect of leaf essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer (Verbenaceae). Phytomedicine. 2013;20(7):615–621.doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2013.01.015.
  • Deb DD, Parimala G, Devi SS, et al. Effect of thymol on peripheral blood mononuclear cell PBMC and acute promyelotic cancer cell line HL-60. Chem Biol Interact. 2011;193(1):97–106.doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2011.05.009.
  • Calò R, Visone CM, Marabini L. Thymol and ThymusvulgarisL. activity against UVA- and UVB-induced damage in NCTC2544 cell line. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2015;791:30–37. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.07.009.
  • Khan I, Bahuguna A, Kumar P, et al. In vitro and in vivo antitumor potential of carvacrol nanoemulsion against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells via mitochondrial mediated apoptosis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):144.doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18644-9.
  • Mastelić J, Jerković I, Blazević I, et al. Comparative study on the antioxidant and biological activities of carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol derivatives. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(11):3989–3996.doi:10.1021/jf073272v.
  • Stammati A, Bonsi P, Zucco F, et al. Toxicity of selected plant volatiles in microbial and mammalian short-term assays. Food Chem Toxicol. 1999;37(8):813–823.doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(99)00075-7.
  • Jaafari A, Mouse HA, Rakib EM, et al. Chemical composition and antitumor activity of different wild varieties of Moroccan thyme. Braz J Pharmacogn. 2007;17(4):477–491.doi:10.1590/S0102-695X2007000400002.
  • Slamenová D, Horváthová E, Sramková M, et al. DNA-protective effects of two components of essential plant oils carvacrol and thymol on mammalian cells cultured in vitro. Neoplasma. 2007;54(2):108–112.
  • Yeh JH, Chou CT, Chen IS, et al. Effect of thymol on Ca2+ homeostasis and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Chin J Physiol. 2017;60(1):32–40.doi:10.4077/CJP.2017.BAF447.
  • Abed RM. Cytotoxic, cytogenetics and immunomodulatory effects of thymol from Thymus vulgaris on cancer and normal cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Al-Mustansiriyah J Sci. 2011;22:41–53.
  • Karkabounas S, Kostoula OK, Daskalou T, et al. Anticarcinogenic and antiplatelet effects of carvacrol. Exp Oncol. 2006;28(2):121–125.
  • Mehdi SJ, Ahmad A, Irshad M, et al. Cytotoxic effect of Carvacrol on human cervical cancer cells. Biol Med. 2011;3(2):307–312.doi:10.4172/0974-8369.10000119.
  • Liang WZ, Lu CH. Carvacrol-induced [Ca2+]i rise and apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. Life Sci. 2012 15;90(17–18):703–711. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2012.03.027.
  • Fatimah SAS, Wimardhani YS. The ultrastructural surface morphology of oral cancer cells and keratinocytes after exposure to chitosan. J Phys Conf Series. 2017;884(1):012064. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/884/1/012064.
  • Bailey KA, Klymenko Y, Feist PE, et al. Chemical analysis of morphological changes in lysophosphatidic acid-treated ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):15295.doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15547-7.
  • Gilloteaux J, Jamison JM, Arnold D, et al. Autoschizis of human ovarian carcinoma cells: scanning electron and light microscopy of a new cell death induced by sodium ascorbate: menadione treatment. Scanning. 2003;25(3):137–149.doi:10.1002/sca.4950250306.
  • Gilloteaux J, Jamison JM, Lorimer HE, et al. Autoschizis: a new form of cell death for human ovarian carcinoma cells following ascorbate: menadionetreatment. Nuclear and DNA degradation. Tissue Cell. 2004;36(3):197–209. doi:10.1016/j.tice.2004.01.006.
  • Gilloteaux J, Lau L, Gourari I, et al. Apatone® induces endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (MDAH 2774) cells to undergo karyolysis and cell death by autoschizis: A potent and safe anticancer treatment. Transl Res Anat. 2015;1:25–39.
  • Gilloteaux J, Jamison JM, Arnold D, et al. Ultrastructural aspects of autoschizis: a new cancer cell death induced by the synergistic action of ascorbate/menadione on human bladder carcinoma cells. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2001;25(3):183–192. doi:10.1080/019131201300343810.
  • Gilloteaux J, Jamison JM, Arnold D, et al. Cancer cell necrosis by autoschizis. Synergism of antitumor activity of vitamin C:Vitamin K3 on human bladder carcinoma T24 cells. Scanning. 1998;20:564–575. doi:10.1002/sca.4950200805.
  • Gilloteaux J, Jamison JM, Arnold D, et al. Autoschizis: A mode of cell death of cancer cells ınduced by a prooxidant treatment ın vitro and ın vivo. In: Radosevich J, ed. Apoptosis and Beyond: The Many Ways Cells Die. New York: J Wiley; 2018. Chapter 28, pp. 583–694. ISBN:9781119432463. doi:10.1002/9781119432463.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.