863
Views
25
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Pollen extraction from insects

Pages 86-109 | Published online: 06 Dec 2011

References

  • Adams , RJ and Morton , JK . 1972 . An atlas of pollen of the trees and shrubs of eastern Canada and the adjacent United States, Part I, Gymnospermae to Fagaceae , Waterloo , Ontario, Canada : Department of Biology, University of Waterloo Series Number 8 .
  • Adams , RJ and Morton , JK . 1974 . An atlas of pollen of the trees and shrubs of eastern Canada and the adjacent United States, Part II, Ulmaceae to Rosaceae , Waterloo , Ontario, Canada : Department of Biology, University of Waterloo Series Number 9 .
  • Adams , RJ and Morton , JK . 1976 . An atlas of pollen of the trees and shrubs of eastern Canada and the adjacent United States, Part III, Leguminosae to Cornaceae , Waterloo , Ontario, Canada : Department of Biology, University of Waterloo Series Number 10 .
  • Adams , RJ and Morton , JK . 1979 . An atlas of pollen of the trees and shrubs of eastern Canada and the adjacent United States, Part IV, Clethraceae to Caprifoliaceae , Waterloo , Ontario, Canada : Department of Biology, University of Waterloo Series Number 11 .
  • Baker , HG . Plant notes: Calystegia . Proceedings, Botanical Society of the British Isles . pp. 241 – 243 .
  • Bambara , SB and Leidy , NA . 1991 . An atlas of selected pollen important to honey bees in the eastern United States , Raleigh , North Carolina, USA : North Carolina State Beekeepers Association .
  • Bassett , IJ. , Crompton , CW and Parmelee , JA . 1978 . An atlas of airborne pollen grains and common fungus spores of Canada , Quebec , Canada: Thron Press Limited : Canada Department of Agriculture Monograph No. 18 .
  • Beattie , AJ . 1971 . A technique for the study of insect-borne pollen . Pan-Pacific Entomologist , 47 : 82
  • Beattie , AJ . 1972 . Studies in the pollination ecology of Viola. II. Pollen loads of insect visitors . Watsonia , 9 : 13 – 25 .
  • Benedict , JH , Wolfenbarger , DA , Bryant , VM Jr., and George , DM . 1991 . Pollen ingested by boll weevils (Coleoptera; Curculionidae) in southern Texas and northeastern Mexico . Journal of Economic Entomology , 84 : 126 – 131 .
  • Bennett , AW . 1883 . On the constancy of insects in their visits to flowers . Linnean Journal of Zoology , 17 : 175 – 185 .
  • Berkhousen , AE and Shapiro , AM . 1994 . Persistent pollen as a tracer for hibernating butterflies: the case of Hesperia juba (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) . Great Basin Naturalist , 54 : 71 – 78 .
  • Beug , H-J. 2004 . Leitfaden der pollenbestimmung für mitteleuropa und angrenzende Gebiete , München, Germany: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil .
  • Bigelow , JH . 1980 . Improved palynologic technique . Micropaleontology , 26 : 193 – 195 .
  • Bingshan , Q . 2005 . Color atlas of air-borne pollen and plants in China , Peking, China : Peking Union Medical College Press .
  • Boukary , IB , Finfras , J and Tourneur , J-C. 1997 . Feeding habits of Forficula senegalensis (Derm.: Forficulidae) on millet in the Sudanese-Sahelian zone of Niger: crop content analysis . Entomophaga , 42 : 537 – 542 .
  • Bowie , MH , Gurr , GM , Hossaine , Z , Baggen , LR and Frampton , CM . 1999 . Effects of distance from field edge on aphidophagous insects in a wheat crop and observations on trap design and placement . International Journal of Pest Management , 45 : 69 – 73 .
  • Brown , CA. 1960 . Palynological techniques. , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Riding , JB and Warny , S, editors. 137 Dallas : American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation .
  • Bryant , VM Jr. and Jones , GD . 2001 . The R-values of honey: pollen coefficients . Palynology , 25 : 11 – 28 .
  • Bryant , VM Jr. , Pendleton , M , Murray , RE , Lingren , PD and Raulston , JR . 1991 . Techniques for studying pollen adhering to nectar-feeding corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths using scanning electron microscopy . Journal of Economic Entomology , 84 : 237 – 240 .
  • Cate , JR and Skinner , JL . 1978 . Fate and identification of pollen in the alimentary canal of the boll weevil . Anthonomus grandis. Southwestern Entomologist , 3 : 263 – 452 .
  • Corner , EJ . 1964 . The life of plants , 314 London: Weidenfeld and Nichols .
  • Courtney , SP , Hill , CJ and Westerman , A . 1982 . Pollen carried for long distances by butterflies . Oikos , 38 : 260 – 263 .
  • Dafni , A. 1992 . Pollination ecology: a practical approach , New York: Oxford University Press .
  • Darwin , C. 1858 . On the agency of bees in the fertilisation of papilionaceous flowers . Garderners Chronicles , : 824 – 844 .
  • Dean , GJ . 1982 . Phenology of aphidophagous predators . Annals of Applied Biology , 101 : 182 – 184 .
  • Del Socorro , AP and Gregg , PC . 2001 . Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) pollen as a marker for studies of local movement in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . Australian Journal of Entomology , 40 : 257 – 263 .
  • Dexter , JS . 1913 . Mosquitoes pollinating orchids . Science , 37 : 867
  • Downes , J. The evolution of blood-sucking diptera: an evolutionary perspective . Ecology and physiology of Diptera: A symposium . Edited by: Tallin , AM, . pp. 58 – 84 . Toronto , Canada : Toronto University Press .
  • Drabble , E and Drabble , H. 1927 . Some flowers and their dipteran visitors . New Phytologist , 26 : 115 – 123 .
  • Erdtman , G. 1960 . The acetolysis method . Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift , 54 : 561 – 564 .
  • Erdtman , G. 1969 . Handbook of palynology: An introduction to the study of pollen grains and spores , New York: Hafner Publishing Co. .
  • Esquivel , JF and Lingren , PD . 2002 . Citrus pollen retention by adult Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) after exposure to citrus blooms . Journal of Economic Entomology , 95 : 1174 – 1178 .
  • Faegri , K and van der Pijl , L. 1979 . The principles of pollination ecology. , 3rd ed , New York: Pergamon Press .
  • Goldblatt , P and Manning , JC . 2002 . Evidence for moth and butterfly pollination in Gladiolus (Iridaceae-Crocoideae) . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , 89 : 110 – 124 .
  • Grant , V . 1950 . The protection of the ovules in flowering plants . Evolution , 4 : 179 – 201 .
  • Green , FJ . 1991 . The Sigma-Aldrich handbook of stains, dyes, and indicators , Milwaukee (WI): Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc. .
  • Greenberg , SM , Jones , GD , Eischen , F , Coleman , RJ , Adamczyk , JJ Jr. , Liu , T-X and Setamou , M. 2007 . Survival of boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults after feeding on pollens from various sources . Insect Science , 14 : 503 – 510 .
  • Greenberg , SM , Jones , GD , Adamczyk , JJ Jr. , Setamou , M , Liu , T , Armstrong , JS , Coleman , RJ and Eischen , FA . 2009 . Reproductive potential of field-collected overwintering boll weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) fed on pollen in the laboratory . Insect Science , 16 : 321 – 327 .
  • Gregg , PC . 1993 . Pollen as a marker for migration of Helicoverpa armigera and H. punctigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from western Queensland . Australian Journal of Ecology , 18 : 209 – 219 .
  • Gregg , PC , Fitt , GP , Zalucki , MP , Murray , DAH and McDonald , G. 1993 . “ Winter breeding and spring migration of Helicoverpa spp. in inland Australia, 1989–1991 ” . In Pest control and sustainable agriculture , Edited by: Corey , SA , Dall , DJ and Milne , WM . Melbourne: CSIRO .
  • Haber , WA . 1984 . Pollination by deceit in a mass-flowering tropical tree Plumeria rubra L. Apocynaceae) . Biotropica , 16 : 269 – 275 .
  • Haber , WA and Frankie , GW . 1989 . A tropical hawkmoth community: Costa Rican dry forest Sphingidae . Biotropica , 21 : 155 – 172 .
  • Hagerup , O. 1950 . Thrips pollination in Calluna . Biologiske Meddelelser Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab , 18 : 1 – 16 .
  • Hagerup , O. 1951 . Pollination in the Faroes-in spite of rain and poverty of insects . Biologiske Meddelelser, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab , 18 : 1 – 48 .
  • Hardee , DD , Jones , GD and Adams , LC . 1999 . Emergence, movement, and host plants of boll weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Delta of Mississippi . Journal of Economic Entomology , 92 : 130 – 139 .
  • Heiser , CB . Some observations on pollination and compatibility in Magnolia . Proceedings, Indiana Academy of Science . pp. 259 – 266 .
  • Hendrix , WH and Showers , WB . 1992 . Tracing black cutworm and armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) northward migration using Pithecellobium and Calliandra pollen . Population Ecology , 21 : 1092 – 1096 .
  • Hendrix , WH , Mueller , TF , Phillips , JR and Davis , OK . 1987 . Pollen as an indicator of long-distance movement of Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . Environmental Entomology , 16 : 1148 – 1151 .
  • Herrera , LF and Urrego , LE . 1996 . Atlas de polen de plantas útiles y cultivadas de la Amazonia Colombiana , Columbia : Tropenbos Colombia .
  • Hesse , M and Waha , M. 1989 . A new look at the acetolysis method . Plant Systematics and Evolution , 163 : 147 – 152 .
  • Hickman , JM , Lovei , GL and Wartten , SD . 1995 . Pollen feeding by adults of the hoverfly Melanostoma fasciatum (Diptera: Syrphidae) . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 22 : 387 – 392 .
  • Human , H and Nicolson , SW . 2003 . Digestion of maize and sunflower pollen by the spotted maize beetle Astylus atromaculatus (Melyridae): is there a role for osmotic shock? . Journal of Insect Physiology , 49 : 633 – 643 .
  • Irvin , NA , Wratten , SD , Frampton , CM , Bowie , MH , Evans , AM and Moar , NT . 1999 . The phenology and pollen feeding of three hover fly (Dipteral: Syrphidae) species in Canterbury, New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 26 : 105 – 115 .
  • Jones , GD and Bryant , VM Jr. Alcohol dilution of honey . Proceedings of the Ninth International Palynological Congress . Edited by: Goodman , DG and Clarke , RT . pp. 453 – 458 . Dallas : American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists .
  • Jones , GD and Bryant , VM Jr. 2004 . The use of ETOH for the dilution of honey . Grana , 43 : 174 – 182 .
  • Jones , GD and Bryant , VM Jr. 2007 . A comparison of pollen counts: light versus scanning electron microscopy . Grana , 46 : 20 – 33 .
  • Jones , GD , Bryant , VM Jr. , Lieux , MH , Jones , SD and Lingren , PD . 1995 . Pollen of the southeastern United States: With emphasis on melissopalynology and entomopalynology . American Association of Stratigraphic Palynology Contribution Series , 30 : 76
  • Jones , GD and Coppedge , JR . 1999 . Foraging resources of boll weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) . Journal of Economic Entomology , 92 : 860 – 869 .
  • Jones , GD and Coppedge , JR . 2000 . Foraging resources of adult Mexican corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Bell County, Texas . Journal of Economic Entomology , 93 : 636 – 643 .
  • Jones , GD and Greenberg , SM . 2009 . Cotton pollen retention in boll weevils: a laboratory experiment . Palynology , 31 : 157 – 165 .
  • Jones , GD , Greenberg , SM and Eischen , FA . 2007 . Almond, melon, and pigweed pollen retention in the boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) . Palynology , 31 : 81 – 93 .
  • Jones , GD and Jones , SD . 2001 . The uses of pollen and its implication for entomology . Neotropical Entomology , 30 : 341 – 350 .
  • Jones , GD and Lopez , JD Jr. Pollen analysis of the crop of corn earworm adults . Proceedings of the Ninth International Palynological Congress . Edited by: Goodman , DG and Clarke , RT . pp. 505 – 510 . Dallas : American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists .
  • Jones , GD and McCurry , H. 2011 . Differentiating pollen from four species of Gossypium . Forthcoming 2012 Jun. Palynology ,
  • Jones , RW , Cate , JR , Hernandez , EM and Sosa , ES . 1993 . Pollen feeding and survival of the boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on selected plant species in northeastern Mexico . Environmental Entomology , 22 : 99 – 108 .
  • Kannely , A. 2003 . Pollen output in the first and second flower of the geophytic lily Calochortus , [Chico (CA)]: California State University . [Unpublished M.S. thesis]
  • Kannely , A. 2005 . Preparation and quantification of entomophilous pollen using sonication and an area-counting technique . Madroño , 52 : 267 – 269 .
  • Kearns , CA and Inouye , DW . 1993 . Techniques for pollination biologists , Niwot (CO): University of Colorado Press .
  • Kendall , D and Solomon , M. 1973 . Quantities of pollen on the bodies of insects visiting apple blossoms . Journal of Applied Entomology , 10 : 627 – 634 .
  • Kevan , PG . 1972 . Insect pollination of high arctic flowers . Journal of Ecology , 60 : 831 – 847 .
  • Kim , KS , Jones , GD , Westbrook , JK and Sappington , TW . 2010 . Multidisciplinary fingerprints: forensic reconstruction of an insect reinvasion . Journal of the Royal Society Interface , 7 : 677 – 686 .
  • Kislev , ME , Kravz , A and Lorch , J. 1972 . A study of hawkmoth pollination by a palynological analysis of the proboscis . Israel Journal of Botany , 21 : 57 – 75 .
  • Krassilov , VA and Rasnitsyn , AP . 1997 . Pollen in the guts of Permian insects: first evidence of pollinivory and its evolutionary significance . Lethaia , 29 : 369 – 372 .
  • Krassilov , VA , Rasnitsyn , AP and Afonin , SA . 1999 . Pollen morphotypes from the intestine of a Permian booklouse . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , 106 : 89 – 96 .
  • Kroon , GH , Van Praag , PJ and Velthuis , HHW . 1974 . Osmotic shock as a prerequisite to pollen digestion in the alimentary tract of the worker honeybee . Journal of Apicultural Research , 13 : 177 – 181 .
  • Lazri , B and Barrows , EM . 1984 . Flower visiting and pollen transport by the imported cabbage butterfly (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in a highly disturbed urban habitat . Environmental Entomology , 13 : 574 – 578 .
  • Levin , DA and Berube , DE . 1972 . Phlox and Colias: The efficiency of a pollination system . Evolution , 26 : 242 – 250 .
  • Lingren , PD , Bryant , VM Jr. , Raulston , JR , Pendleton , M , Westbrook , J and Jones , GD . 1993 . Adult feeding host range and migratory activities of corn earworm, cabbage looper and celery looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths as evidenced by attached pollen . Journal of Economic Entomology , 86 : 1429 – 1439 .
  • Lingren , PD , Westbrook , JK , Bryant , VM Jr. , Raulston , JR , Esquivel , JF and Jones , GD . 1994 . Origin of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) migrants as determined by Citrus pollen markers and synoptic weather systems . Environmental Entomology , 23 : 562 – 570 .
  • Loublier , Y , Douault , P , Causse , R , Barthes , J , Bues , R and Poitout , S. 1994 . Utilisation des spectres polliniques recueillis sur Agrotis (Scotia) ipsilon Hufnagel (Noctuidae) comme indicateur des migrations . Grana , 33 : 276 – 281 .
  • Louveaux , J , Maurizio , A and Vorwohl , G. 1970 . Methods of melissopalynology . Bee World , 51 : 125 – 131 .
  • Louveaux , J , Maurizio , A and Vorwohl , G. 1978 . Methods of melissopalynology . Bee World , 59 : 139 – 157 .
  • Low , NH , Schweger , C and Sporns , P. 1989 . Precautions in the use of melissopalynology . Journal of Apicultural Research , 28 : 50 – 54 .
  • Lutier , PM and Vaissiére , BE . 1993 . An improved method for pollen analysis of honey . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , 78 : 129 – 144 .
  • Maher , L . 1981 . Statistics for microfossil concentration measurements employing samples spiked with marker grains . Review of Paleobotany and Palynology , 32 : 153 – 191 .
  • Manning , JC and Goldblatt , P. 1996 . The Prosoeca peringueyi (Diptera: Nemestrinidae) polliation guild in southern Africa: long-tongued flies and their tubular flowers . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , 83 : 67 – 86 .
  • Marcos-Garcia , MA and Isidro , PM . 1995 . Primera cita ibérica de Brachypalpus valgus (Panzer, 1798) y Chrysotoxum parmense Rondani, 1845 (Diptera: Syrphidae): caracterización polínica de su dieta . Bolentin de la Asociacion Espanola Entomología , 19 : 141 – 147 .
  • Mikkola , K. 1971 . Pollen analysis as a means of studying the migrations of Lepidoptera . Annales Entomologici Fennici , 37 : 136 – 139 .
  • Moar , NT . 1993 . Pollen grains of New Zealand dicotyledonous plants , Canterbury (New Zealand): Manaaki Whenua Press .
  • Moore , PD , Webb , JA and Collinson , ME . 1991 . Pollen analysis. , 2nd ed , London: Blackwell Scientific Publications .
  • Motten , AF . 1986 . Pollination ecology of the spring wildflower community of a temperate deciduous forest . Ecological Monographs , 56 : 21 – 42 .
  • Nalepa , CA , Bambara , SB and Burrought , AM . Pollen and nectar feeding by Chilocorus kuwanae (Silvestri) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington . pp. 596 – 597 .
  • Nicolson , SW . 1994 . Pollen feeding in the eucalypt nectar fly, Drosophila flavohirta . Physiological Entomology , 19 : 58 – 60 .
  • Nilsson , S , Pragowski , J , Nilsson , L and Kultur , NO . 1977 . Atlas of airborne pollen grains and spores in northern Europe , Sweden: LjungfÖretagen .
  • Ogden , EC , Raynor , GS , Hayers , JV and Lewis , DM . 1974 . Manual of sampling airborne pollen London
  • O'Rourke , MK and Buchmann , SL . 1991 . Standardized analytical techniques for bee-collected pollen . Environmental Entomology , 20 : 507 – 513 .
  • Parmenter , L. 1956 . Beetles visiting the flowers of dogwood, Cornus sanguinea L . Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation , 68 : 243 – 244 .
  • Pendleton , MW . 2006 . Descriptions of melissopalynological methods involving centrifugation should include data for calculating Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF) or should express data in units of RCF or gravities (g) . Grana , 45 : 71 – 72 .
  • Proctor , M and Yeo , P. 1972 . The pollination of flowers , New York: Taplinger Publishing Co. .
  • Pucci , TM and Jones , GD . 2010 . Interspecific mouthpart length variation and floral visitation in the parasitic wasp genus Agathirsia (Braconidae: Agathidinae) . Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 103 : 566 – 573 .
  • Rickson , FR , Cresti , M and Beach , JH . 1990 . Plant cells which aid in pollen digestion within a beetle's gut . Oecologia , 82 : 424 – 426 .
  • Rummel , DR , White , JR and Pruitt , GR . 1978 . A wild feeding host of the boll weevil in West Texas . The Southwestern Entomologist , 3 : 171 – 175 .
  • Scott , HG and Stojanovich , CJ . 1963 . Digestion of juniper pollen by Collembola . Florida Entomologist , 46 : 188 – 191 .
  • Simes , JA . 1946 . Behavior of Bombylius (Dipt., Bombyliidae) while feeding . Entomologist's Monthly Magazine , 89 : 234
  • Smith , BN and Meeuse , B. 1966 . Production of volatile amines and skatoles at anthesis in some arum lily species . Plant Physiology , 41 : 343 – 347 .
  • Ssymank , A and Gilbert , F. 1993 . Anemophilous pollen in the diet of Syrphid flies with special reference to the leaf feeding strategy occurring in Xylotini (Diptera, Syrphidae) . Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift , 40 : 245 – 258 .
  • Stockmarr , J. 1971 . Tablets with spores used in absolute pollen analysis . Pollen et Spores , 13 : 615 – 621 .
  • Thien , LB . 1969a . Mosquito pollination of Habenaria obtusata (Orchidaceae) . American Journal of Botany , 56 : 232 – 237 .
  • Thien , LB . 1969b . Mosquitoes can pollinate orchids . Morris Arboretum Bulletin , 20 : 19 – 23 .
  • Tierno de Figueroa , JA and Sánchez-Ortega , A. 1999 . Imaginal feeding of certain Systelloganathan stonefly species (Insecta: Plecoptera) . Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 92 : 218 – 221 .
  • Todd , FE and Vansell , GJ . 1942 . Pollen grains in nectar and honey . Journal of Economic Entomology , 35 : 728 – 731 .
  • Traverse , A. 1988 . Paleopalynology , London : Unwin Hyman .
  • Triltsch , H. 1997 . Gut contents in field sampled adults of Coccinella septempunctata (Col.: coccinellidae) . Entomophaga , 42 : 125 – 131 .
  • Triltsch , H. 1999 . Food remains in the guts of Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) adults and larvae . European Journal of Entomology , 96 : 355 – 364 .
  • Turner , V. 1984 . Banksia pollen as a source of protein in the diet of two Australian marsupials Cercaretus nanus and Tarsipes rostratus . Oikos , 43 : 3 – 61 .
  • Turnock , WJ , Chong , J and Luit , B. 1978 . Scanning electron microscopy: a direct method of identifying pollen grains on moths (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 56 : 2050 – 2054 .
  • Vaissiére , BE . 1991 . “ Honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), as pollinators of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L ” . In (Malvaceae), for hybrid seed production , [College Station (TX)]: Texas A&M University . [unpublished Ph.D. thesis]
  • Westbrook , JK , Esquivel , JF , Lopez , JD Jr. , Jones , GD , Wolf , WW and Raulston , JR . 1998 . Validation of bollworm migration across south-central Texas in 1994–1996 . Southwestern Entomologist , 23 : 209 – 219 .
  • White , AJ , Wratten , SD , Berry , NA and Weigmann , U. 1995 . Habitat manipulation to enhance biological control of Brassica pests by hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) . Journal of Economic Entomology , 88 : 1171 – 1176 .
  • White , JW Jr. , Bryant , VM Jr. and Jones , JG . 1991 . Adulteration testing of southwestern desert honeys . American Bee Journal , 131 : 123 – 126 .
  • Wiklund , C , Eriksonn , T and Lundberg , H. 1979 . The wood while butterfly Leptidea sinapsis and its nectar plants: a case of mutualism or parasitism? . Oikos , 33 : 358 – 362 .
  • Wodehouse , RP . 1959 . Pollen grains: Their structure, identification and significance in science and medicine , New York : Hafner Publishing Co .
  • Wood , GD , Gabriel , AM and Lawson , JC . 1996 . “ Palynological techniques-processing and microscopy ” . In Palynology: principles and applications , Edited by: Jansonius , J and McGregor , DC . 29 – 50 . American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation .
  • Wratten , SD , White , AJ , Bowie , MH , Berry , NA and Weigmann , U. 1995 . Phenology and ecology of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in New Zealand . Environmental Entomology , 24 : 595 – 600 .
  • Zhongxin , W. 2003 . Pollen flora of seed plants , Peking : Yunnan Science and Technology Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.