The transnationalization of the extreme right and the use of the Internet

References

• Adams, J., & Roscigno, V. J. (2005). White supremacists, oppositional culture and the world wide web. Social Forces, 84(2), 759–778. doi:10.1353/sof.2006.0001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anti-Defamation League (ADL). (2002). Jihad online: Islamic terrorists and the Internet. Retrieved from http://www.adl.org/learn/internet/jihad_online.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Atton, C. (2006). Far-right media on the internet: Culture, discourse and power. New Media Society, 8(4), 573–587. doi:10.1177/1461444806065653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-On, T. (2011). Transnationalism and the French Nouvelle Droite. Patterns of Prejudice, 45(3), 199–223. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2011.585013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett, J., Birdwell, J., & Littler, M. (2011). “The rise of populism in Europe can be traced through online behaviour…”: The new phase of digital populism. Retrieved from http://www.demos.co.uk/publications/thenewfaceofdigitalpopulism
   Google Scholar
• Bowman-Grieve, L. (2009). Exploring “Stormfront”: A virtual community of the radical right. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 32(11), 989–1007. doi:10.1080/10576100903259951
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunts, G. R. (2003). Islam in the digital age: E-jihad, online fatwas and cyber Islamic environments. London: Pluto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burris, V., Smith, E., & Strahm, A. (2000). White supremacist networks on the internet. Sociological Focus, 33(2), 215–235. doi:10.1080/00380237.2000.10571166
   Google Scholar
• Caiani, M., & Parenti, L. (2013). European and American extreme right groups and the internet. Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Caiani, M., & Wagemann, C. (2009). Online networks of the Italian and German extreme right. Information, Communication and Society, 12(1), 66–109. doi:10.1080/13691180802158482
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chase-Dunn, C., & Boswell, T. (2004). Global democracy: A world-systems perspective. Protosociology, 20, 15–29.
   Google Scholar
• Conti, N. (2011). The radical right in Europe, between slogans and voting behavior. Political Science WP Series, 123, Vienna: Institute for Advanced Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Daniels, J. (2009). Cyber racism: White supremacy online and the new attack on civil rights. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• De Koster, W., & Houtman, D. (2008). “Stormfront is like a second home to me”: On virtual community formation by right-wing extremists. Information, Communication and Society, 11(8), 1155–1176. doi:10.1080/13691180802266665
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta, D. (2012). The action repertoires of the radical right: Violence and beyond. In M. Caiani, D. Della Porta, & C. Wagemann (Eds.), Mobilizing on the extreme right: Germany, Italy, and the United States (pp. 76–102). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta, D., & Caiani, M. (2009). Social movements and europeanization: A comparative study on seven European Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta, D., & Mosca, L. (2005). Global-net for global movements? A network of networks for a movement of movements. Journal of Public Policy, 25, 165–190. doi:10.1017/S0143814X05000255
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta, D., & Mosca, L. (2006). Democrazia in rete: stili di comunicazione e movimenti sociali in Europa. Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia, 4, 529–556.
   Google Scholar
• Europol. (2011). EU terrorism situation and trend report (TE-SAT 2011). Retrieved from https://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/te-sat2011_0.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gerstenfeld, P. B., Grant, D. R., & Chiang, C. (2003). Hate online: A content analysis of extremist internet sites. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 3, 29–44. doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2003.00013.x
   Google Scholar
• Grumke, T. (2013). Globalized anti-globalists: The ideological basis of the internationalization of right-wing extremism. In S. Von Mering & T. W. McCarty (Eds.), Right-wing radicalism today: Perspectives from Europe and the US (pp. 13–22). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hermet, G. (2001). Les Populismes dans le monde: Une histoire sociologique XIXe-XXe siècle (espace du politique). Paris: Fayard.
   Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L., Marks, G. &., & Wilson, C. (2002). Does left/right structure party positions on European integration? Comparative Political Studies, 35, 965–989. doi:10.1177/001041402236310
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imig, D., & Tarrow, S. (2001). Contentious Europeans: Protest and politics in a Europeanizing polity. Lanham, MA: Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Langenbacher, N., & Schellenberg, B. (2011). Is Europe on the right path? Right-wing extremism and right-wing populism in Europe. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Levin, B. (2002). Cyberhate: A legal and historical analysis of extremists’ use of computer networks in America. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(6), 958–988. doi:10.1177/0002764202045006004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mény, Y., & Surel, Y. (2002). Democracies and the populist challenge. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Minkenberg, M., & Perrineau, P. (2007). The radical right in the European elections 2004. International Political Science Review, 28(1), 29–55. doi:10.1177/0192512107070401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudde, C. (2007). Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, B., & Olsson, P. (2009). Cyberhate: The globalization of hate. Information & Communications Technology Law, 18(2), 185–199. doi:10.1080/13600830902814984
   Google Scholar
• Petit, C. (2004). Social movements networks in internet discourse. (IROWS Working Paper, 25). Department of Sociology, University of California. Retrieved from http://irows.ucr.edu/paper/irows25/irows25.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Pianta, M., & Silva, F. (2003). Parallel summits of global civil society: An update. In H. Anheier, M. Glasius, & M. Kaldor (Eds.), Global civil society yearbook (pp. 169–194). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Qin, J., Zhou, Y., Reid, E., Lai, G., & Chen, H. (2007). Analyzing terror campaigns on the internet: Technical sophistication, content richness, and web interactivity. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65(1), 71–84. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.08.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramalingam, V. (2012). Far-right extremism: Trends and methods for response and prevention (Policy Briefing). Institute for Strategic Dialogue. Retrieved from http://www.strategicdialogue.org/Policy_Briefing_-_Far_Right_Extremism_FINAL.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Scott, J. (2000). Social network analysis: A handbook (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Tateo, L. (2005). The Italian extreme right on-line network: An exploratory study using an integrated social network analysis and content analysis approach. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(2). doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00247.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasilopoulou, S. (2011). European integration and the radical right: Three patterns of opposition. Government and Opposition, 46(2), 223–244. doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2010.01337.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinberg, L. (1998). An overview of right-wing extremism in the western world: A study of convergence, linkage and identity. In J. Kaplan & T. Bjørgo (Eds.), Nation and race: The developing Euro-American racist subculture (pp. 3–33). Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Whine, M. (1999). Islamist organizations on the internet. Terrorism and Political Violence, 11(1), 123–132. doi:10.1080/09546559908427498
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whine, M. (2000). Far right extremists on the internet. In D. Thomas & B. D. Loader (Eds.), Cybercrime. Law enforcement, security and surveillance in the information age (pp. 234–251). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Whine, M. (2004). United Kingdom: Hate groups’ use of the net for command and control: A revised examination. In S. Bronkhurst & R. Eissens (Eds.), Hate on the net: Virtual nursery for in real life crime (pp. 31–36). Amsterdam: International Network Against Cyberhate.
   Google Scholar
• Whine, M. (2012). Trans-European trends in right-wing extremism. In A. Mammone, E. Godin, & B. Jenkins (Eds.), Mapping the extreme right in contemporary Europe (pp. 317–334). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, S. (2009). Strategic framing of racial-nationalism in North America and Europe: An analysis of a burgeoning transnational network. Terrorism and Political Violence, 21(2), 189–210. doi:10.1080/09546550802544565
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar