1,329
Views
68
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Treatment of heavy metal ions in wastewater using layered double hydroxides: A review

, , &
Pages 792-801 | Received 25 Jun 2017, Accepted 11 Oct 2017, Published online: 27 Nov 2017

References

  • Cavani, F.; Trifirò, F.; Vaccari, A. Hydrotalcite-Type Anionic Clays: Preparation, Properties and Applications. Catal. Today 1991, 11, 173–301.
  • Saber, O.; Tagaya, H. Preparation and Intercalation Reactions of Nano-Structural Materials, Zn–Al–Ti LDH. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2008, 108, 449–455.
  • Shimamura, A.; Kanezaki, E; Jones, M. I.; Metson, J. B. Direct observation of Grafting Interlayer Phosphate in Mg/Al Layered double Hydroxides. J. Solid State Chem. 2012, 186, 116–123.
  • Gusi, S.; Pizoli, F.; Trifiro, F.; Vaccari, A.; Del Piero, G. Preparation of Catalysts IV; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1983; pp. 723.
  • Giannelis, E. P.; Nocera, D. G.; Pinnavaia, T. J. Anionic Photocatalysts Supported in Layered Double Hydroxides: Intercalation and Photophysical Properties of a Ruthenium Complex Anion in Synthetic Hydrotalcite. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 203–205.
  • Marcelin, G.; Stockhausen, N. J.; Post, J. F. M.; Schutz, A. Dynamics and Ordering of Intercalated Water in Layered Metal Hydroxides. J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 4646–4650.
  • Weir, M. R.; Moore, J.; Kydd, R. A. Effects of pH and Mg:Ga ratio on the Synthesis of Gallium-Containing Layered Double Hydroxides and Their Polyoxometalate Anion Exchanged Products. Chem. Mater. 1997, 9, 1686–1690.
  • Goh, K. H.; Lim, T. T.; Dong, Z. L. Application of Layered Double Hydroxides for Removal of Oxyanions: a Review. Water Res. 2008, 42, 1343–1368.
  • Liang, X. F.; Zang, Y. B.; Xu, Y. M.; Tian, X.; Hou, W. G.; Wang, L.; Sun, Y. B. Sorption of Metal Cations on Layered Double Hydroxides. Colloids Surf., A. 2013, 433, 122–131.
  • Miyata, S.; Kumura, T. Synthesis of New Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds and Their Physico-Chemical Properties. Chem. Lett. 1973, 2, 843–848.
  • Zhitova, E. S.; Krivovichev, S. V.; Pekov, I. V.; Yakovenchuk, V. N.; Pakhomovsky, Ya. A. Correlation between the D-Value and the M2+:M3+ Cation Ratio in Mg-Al-CO3 Layered Double Hydroxides. Appl. Clay Sci. 2016, 130, 2–11.
  • Dragoi, B.; Ungureanu, A.; Chirieac, A.; Hulea, V.; Dumitriu, E. Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds on non-Calcined LDHs. I. Synthesis and Characterization of ZnNiCuAl Hydrotalcite-like Materials. Acta Chim. Slov. 2010, 57, 677–685.
  • Velu, S.; Suzuki, K.; Osaki, T. Selective Production of Hydrogen by Partial Oxidation of Methanol Over Catalysts Derived from CuZnAl‐Layered Double Hydroxides. Catal. Lett. 1999, 62, 159–167.
  • Boriotti, S.; Dennis, S. Layered Double Hydroxides: Present and Future; Nova Science Publishers: New York, 2001.
  • Dutta, K.; Das, S.; Pramanik, A. Concomitant Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Zn–Al Layered Double Hydroxide and ZnO: Phase Interconversion and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2012, 366, 28–36.
  • Szabados, M.; Bus, C.; Adoksipiczki, M.; Konya, Z.; Kukovecz, A.; Sipos, P.; Palinko, I. Ultrasound-Enhanced Milling in the Synthesis of Phase-Pure, Highly Crystalline ZnAl-Layered Double Hydroxide of Low Zn (II) Content. Particuology. 2016, 27, 29–33.
  • Khan, A. I.; Hare, D. O. Intercalation Chemistry of Layered Double Hydroxides: Recent Developments and Applications. J. Mater. Chem. 2002, 12, 3191–3198.
  • Prévot, V.; Forano, C.; Besse, J. P. Hybrid Derivatives of Layered Double Hydroxides. Appl. Clay Sci. 2001, 18, 3–15.
  • Gérardin, C.; Kostadinova, D.; Coq, B.; Tichit, D. LDH Nanocomposites with Different Guest Entities as Precursors of Supported Ni Catalysts. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 2086–2094.
  • Evans, D. G.; Slade, R. C. T. Structural Aspects of Layered Double Hydroxides; Springer-Verlag: Berlin Heidelberg, 2005; pp. 4.
  • Malherbe, F.; Bigey, L.; Forano, C.; Roy, A. D.; Besse, J. Structural Aspects and Thermal Properties of Takovite-Like Layered Double Hydroxides Pillared with Chromium Oxo-Anions. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1999, 21, 3831–3839.
  • Brindley, G. W. Thermal Behavior of Hydrotalcite and of Anion-Exchanged Forms of Hydrotalcite. Clays Clay Miner. 1980, 28, 87–91.
  • Komlev, A. A.; Gusarov, V. V. Mechanism of the Nanocrystals Formation of the Spinel Structure in the MgO-Al2O3-H2O System Under the Hydrothermal conditions. Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 2011, 81, 2222–2230.
  • Wang, S. L.; Lin, C. H.; Yan, Y. Y.; Wang, M. K. Synthesis of Li/Al LDH Using Aluminum and LiOH. Appl. Clay Sci. 2013, 72, 191–195.
  • Valente, J. S.; Rodriguez-Gattorno, G.; Valle-Orta, M.; Torres-Garcia, E. Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of MgAl Layered Double Hydroxides. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2012, 133, 621–629.
  • Bouariu, S.; Dartu, Laura.; Carja, Gabriela. Silver-Layered Double Hydroxides Self-Assemblies. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2012, 111, 1263–1271.
  • Lombardo, G. M.; Pappalardo, G. C. Thermal Effects on Mixed Metal (Zn/Al) Layered Double Hydroxides: Direct Modeling of the X-ray Powder Diffraction Line Shape through Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 5585–5592.
  • Li, B. Controlled Crystal and Morphology Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxides; Beijing University of Chemical Technology: Beijing, 2008.
  • Triantafyllidis, K. S.; Peleka, E. N.; Komvokis, V. G.; Mavros, P. P. Iron-Modified hydrotalcite-Like Materials as Highly Efficient Phosphate Sorbents. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2010, 342, 427–436.
  • Newman, S. P.; Jones, W. Comparative Study of Some Layered Hydroxide Salts Containing Exchangeable Interlayer Anions. J. Solid State Chem. 1999, 148, 26–40.
  • Hu, C. W.; He, Q. L.; Wang, E. B. The Research Progress of Polyacid Layered Compound. Prog. Nat. Sci. 1997, 7, 13–18.
  • Génin, J. M. R.; Bourrié, G.; Trolard, F.; Abdelmoula, M.; Jaffrezic, A.; Refait, P.; Maitre, V.; Humbert, B.; Herbillon, A. Thermodynamic Equilibria in Aqueous Suspensions of Synthetic and Natural Fe(II)−Fe(III) Green Rusts: Occurrences of the Mineral in Hydromorphic Soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 1058–1068.
  • Baltpurvins, K. A.; Burns, R. C.; Lawrance, G. A.; Stuart, A. D. Effect of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Anion Type on the Aging of Iron(III) Hydroxide Precipitates. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 1024–1032.
  • Miyata, S. Anion-exchange Properties of Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds. Clays Clay Miner. 1983, 31 305–311.
  • Reichle, W. Synthesis of Anionic Clay Minerals (Mixed Metal Hydroxides, Hydrotalcite). Solid State Ionics 1986, 22, 135–141.
  • Parker, L. M.; Milestone, N. B.; Newman, R. H. The Use of Hydrotalcite as an Anion Absorbent. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 1196–1202.
  • Tarasov, K. A.; Isupov, V. P.; Chupakhina, L. E.; O’Hare, D. A Time Resolved, In-Situ X-Ray Diffraction Study of the De-intercalation of Anions and Lithium Cations from [LiAl2(OH)6]nX · qH2O (X ˭ Cl−, Br−, NO3−, SO42−). J. Mater. Chem. 2004, 14, 1443–1447.
  • Evans, D. G.; Slade, R. C. T. Structural Aspects of Layered Double Hydroxides; Springer-Verlag: Berlin Heidelberg, 2005; pp. 104.
  • Pelekani, C.; Snoeyink, V. L. Competitive Adsorption between Atrazine and Methylene Blue on Activated Carbon: The Importance of Pore Size Distribution. Carbon. 2000, 38, 1423–1436.
  • Ling, F.; Fang, L.; Lu, Y.; Gao, J.; Wu, F.; Zhou, M.; Hu, B. A Novel CoFe Layered Double Hydroxides Adsorbent: High Adsorption Amount for Methyl Orange Dye and Fast Removal of Cr(VI). Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2016, 234, 230–238.
  • Lu, Y.; Jiang, B.; Fang, L.; Ling, F.; Gao, J.; Wu, F.; Zhang, X. High Performance NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide for Methyl Orange Dye and Cr(VI) Adsorption. Chemosphere 2016, 152, 415–422.
  • Eshaq, G.; Rabie, A. M.; Bakr, A. A.; Mady, A. H.; ElMetwally, A. E. Cr(VI) Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions onto Mg–Zn–Al LDH and its Corresponding Oxide. Desalin. Water Treat. 2016, 57, 20377–20387.
  • Hou, X. Q.; Kalinichev, A. G.; Kirkpatrick, R. J. Interlayer Structure and Dynamics of Cl--LiAl2-Layered Double Hydroxide: 35Cl NMR Observations and Molecular Dynamics Modeling. Chem. Mater. 2002, 14, 2078–2085.
  • Gastuche, M. C.; Brown, G.; Morrtland, M.; Royal, Musde. Mixed Magnesium-Aluminum Hydroxides I. Preparation and Characterization of Compounds Formed in Dialysed Systems. Clay Miner. 1967, 7, 177–192.
  • Mascolo, G.; Marino, O. A New Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium-Alumimum Hydroxides1. Mineral. Mag. 1980, 43, 619–621.
  • Bhattacharyya, A.; Hall, D. B. New Triborate-Pillared Hydrotalcites. Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 3869–3870.
  • Maritin, K. J.; Pinnavaia, T. J. layered Double Hydroxides as Supported Anionic Reagents. Halide-ion Reactivity in zinc Chromium Hexahydroxide Halide Hydrates [Zn2Cr(OH)6X.nH2O] (X ˭ Cl, I). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 541–542.
  • Drezdzon, M. A. Synthesis of Isopolymetalate-Pillared Hydrotalcite Via Organic-Anion-Pillared Precursors. Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 4628–4632.
  • Chen, H.; Qian, G. R.; Ruan, X. X.; Frost, R. L. Removal Process of Nickel(II) by Using Dodecyl Sulfate Intercalated Calcium Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxide. Appl. Clay Sci. 2016, 132, 419–424.
  • Jiao, F. P.; Chen, X. Q.; Fu, Z. D.; Hu, Y. H.; Wang, Y. H. Intercalation of Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxides by (+)-Dibenzoyl-D-Tartaric Acid: Preparation and Characterization. J. Mol. Struct. 2009, 921, 328–332.
  • Dimotakis, E. D.; Pinnavaia, T. J. New Route to Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated by Organic Anions: Precursors to Polyoxometalate-Pillared Derivatives. Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 2393–2394.
  • Xiong, Z. G.; Xu, Y. M. Immobilization of Palladium Phthalocyaninesulfonate onto Anionic Clay for Sorption and Oxidation of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol under Visible Light Irradiation. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 1452–1458.
  • Mallakpour, S.; Dinari, M. Intercalation of Amino Acid Containing Chiral Dicarboxylic Acid Between Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2015, 119, 1123–1130.
  • Lopez-Salinas, E.; Ono, Y. Intercalation Chemistry of a Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxides Ion-Exchanged with Complex MCl42− (M ˭ Ni, Co) Ions from Organic Media. Microporous Mater. 1993, 1, 33–42.
  • Qu, L. Y.; Zhang, B. J.; Peng, J.; Liu, J. F. α - and β -Tri-ferricononatungstosilicate Isomers. Transition Met. Chem. 1988, 13, 183–186.
  • Rives, V.; Carriazo, D.; Martin, C. Heterogeneous Catalysis by Polyoxometalate-Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides; Pillared Clays and Related Catalysts. Springer Link: New York, 2010; pp. 319–397.
  • Hasannia, S.; Yadollahi, B. Zn–Al LDH Nanostructures Pillared by Fe Substituted Keggin Type Polyoxometalate: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Effect in Green Oxidation of Alcohols. Polyhedron. 2015, 99, 260–265.
  • Li, Y. D.; Yang, X. R.; Wang, Y. P. Preparation of the 12-Molybdophosphoric Acid-Layered Double Hydroxides Nanocomposite Hybrid and Its Electrocatalytic Reduction of Halate Ions. Anal. Lett. 2012, 45, 1910–1918.
  • Yun, S. K.; Pinnavaia, T. J. Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated by Polyoxometalate Anions with Keggin (α-H2W12O406−), Dawson (α-P2W18O626−), and Finke (Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)210−) Structures. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 6853–6860.
  • Nijs, H.; De Bock, M.; Vansant, E. F. Comparative Study of the Synthesis and Properties of Polyoxometalate Pillared Layered Double Hydroxides (POM-LDHs). J. Porous Mater. 1999, 6, 101–110.
  • Itaya, K.; Chang, H. C.; Uchida, I. Anion-exchanged Clay (Hydrotalcite-like compounds) Modified Electrodes. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 624–626.
  • Kwon, T.; Pinnavaia, T. J. Pillaring of a Layered Double Hydroxides by Polyoxometalates with Kegging-ion Structures. Chem. Mater. 1989, 1, 381–383.
  • Ulibarri, M. A.; Labajos, F. M.; Rives, V.; Trujillano, R.; Kagunga, W.; Jones, W. Comparative Study of Synthesis and Properties of Vanadate-Exchanged Layered Double Hydroxides. Inorg, Chem. 1994, 33, 2592–2599.
  • Narita, E.; Kaviratna, P.; Pinnavaia, T. J. Synthesis of Heteropolyoxometalate Pillared Layered Double Hydroxides via Calcined Zinc-Aluminum Oxide Precursors. Chem. Lett. 1991, 20, 805–808.
  • Chibwe, K.; Jones, W. Syhthesis of Polyoxometalate-Pillared layered Double Hydroxides via Calcined Precursors. Chem, Mater. 1989, 1, 489–490.
  • Twu, J.; Dutta, P. K. Structure and Reactivity of Oxovanadate Anions in Layered Lithium Aluminate Materials. J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 7863–7868.
  • Allmann, R. Double Layer Structures with Brucite-Like Ions [M(II)1-xM(III)x(OH)]x+. Chimia. 1970, 24, 99–108.
  • Bish, D. L. Anion Exchange in Takovite: Applications to Other Hydroxide Minerals. Bull. Mineral. 1980, 103, 170–175.
  • Moriyoshi, C.; Matsuoka, Y.; Sato, H.; Sasai, R.; Kuroiwa, Y. Crystal Structure of Anion Exchangeable Mg2+-Al3+ Layered Double Hydroxides. Acta Crystallogr. 2011, 67, 720.
  • Khitous, M.; Salem, Z.; Halliche, D. Effect of Interlayer Anions on Chromium Removal Using Mg–Al Layered Double Hydroxides: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies. Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 2016, 24, 433–445.
  • Qiu, X. H.; Sasaki, K. Removal Mechanism of Polymeric Borate by Calcined Layered Double Hydroxides Containing Different Divalent Metals. Colloids Surf., A. 2015, 482, 702–709.
  • Shimamura, A.; Jones, M. I.; Metson, J. B. Anionic Surfactant Enhanced Phosphate Desorption from Mg/Al-Layered Double Hydroxides by Micelle Formation. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2013, 411, 1–7.
  • Kuroda, Y.; Miyamoto, Y.; Hibino, M, H.; Yamaguchi, K.; Mizuno, N. Tripodal Ligand-Stabilized Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles with Highly Exchangeable CO32−. Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 2291–2296.
  • Liang, J. B.; Ma, R. Z.; Lyi, N.; Ebina, Y.; Takada, K.; Sasaki, T. Topochemical Synthesis, Anion Exchange, and Exfoliation of Co−Ni Layered Double Hydroxides: A Route to Positively Charged Co−Ni Hydroxide Nanosheets with Tunable Composition. Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 371–378.
  • Prince, J.; Montoya, A.; Ferrat, G.; Valente, J. S. Proposed General Sol-Gel Method to Prepare Multimetallic Layered Double Hydroxides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Envisaged Application. Chem. Mater. 2009, 21, 5826–5835.
  • Xiao, Y.; Sun, M.; Zhang, L.; Gao, X.; Su, J.; Zhu, H. The Co-adsorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ with Adsorption Sites Surface-Lattice Reforming on Calcined Layered Double Hydroxides. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 28369–28378.
  • Zhu, K.; Gao, Y.; Tan, X.; Chen, C. Polyaniline-Modified Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxide Composites and Their Application in Efficient Removal of Cr(VI). ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2016, 4, 4361–4369.
  • Tian, W.; Kong, X.; Jiang, M.; Lei, X.; Duan, X. Hierarchical Layered Double Hydroxide Epitaxially Grown on Vermiculite for Cr(VI) Removal. Mater. Lett. 2016, 175, 110–113.
  • Ardau, C.; Frau, F.; Dore, E.; Lattanzi, P. Molybdate Sorption by Zn–Al Sulphate Layered Double Hydroxides. Appl. Clay Sci. 2012, 65–66, 128–133.
  • Caporale, A. G.; Pigna, M.; Azam, S. M. G. G.; Sommella, A.; Rao, M. A.; Violante, A. Effect of Competing Ligands on the Sorption/Desorption of Arsenite on/from Mg–Fe Layered Double Hydroxides (Mg–Fe-LDH). Chem. Eng. J. 2013, 225, 704–709.
  • Paikaray, S.; Hendry, M. J.; Essilfie-Dughan, J. Controls on Arsenate, Molybdate, and Selenate Uptake by Hydrotalcite-Like Layered Double Hydroxides. Chem. Geol. 2013, 345, 130–138.
  • Sato, T.; Onai, S.; Yoshioka, T.; Okuwaki, A. Causticization of Sodium Carbonate with Rock-Salt Type Magnesium Aluminium Oxide Formed by the Thermal Decomposition of Hydrotalcite-Like Layered Double Hydroxide. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 1993, 57, 137–140.
  • Bagherifam, S.; Komarneni, S.; Lakzian, A.; Fotovat, A.; Khorasani, R.; Huang, W.; Ma, J.; Wang, Y. Evaluation of Zn–Al–SO4 Layered Double Hydroxide for the Removal of Arsenite and Arsenate from a Simulated Soil Solution: Isotherms and Kinetics. Appl. Clay Sci. 2014, 95, 119–125.
  • Li, K.; Xue, D. Estimation of Electronegativity Values of Elements in Different Valence States. J. Phys. Chem. A. 2006, 110, 11332–11337.
  • Grover, K.; Komarneni, S.; Katsuki, H. Synthetic Hydrotalcite-Type and Hydrocalumite-Type Layered Double Hydroxides for Arsenate Uptake. Appl. Clay Sci. 2010, 48, 631–637.
  • Zhang, H.; Huang, F.; Liu, D. L.; Shi, P. Highly Efficient Removal of Cr(VI) from Wastewater via Adsorption with Novel Magnetic Fe3O4@C@MgAl-Layered Double-Hydroxide. Chin. Chem. Lett. 2015, 26, 1137–1143.
  • Li, Y.; Gao, B.; Wu, T.; Sun, D.; Li, X.; Wang, B.; Lu, F. Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on Aluminum Magnesium Mixed Hydroxide. Water Res. 2009, 43, 3067–3075.
  • Gong, J. M.; Liu, T.; Wang, X. Q.; Hu, X. L.; Zhang, L. Z. Efficient Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Systems with the Assembly of Anisotropic Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocrystals@Carbon Nanosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 6181–6187.
  • Daneshvar, N.; Salari, D.; Aber, S. Chromium Adsorption and Cr(VI) Reduction to Trivalent Chromium in Aqueous Solutions by Soya Cake. J. Hazard. Mater. 2002, 94, 49–61.
  • Ma, L. J.; Wang, Q.; Islam, S. M.; Liu, Y. C.; Ma, S. L.; Kanatzidis. Highly Selective and Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals by Layered Double Hydroxide Intercalated with the MoS42− ion. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 2858–2866.
  • Bankauskaite, A.; Eisinas, A.; Baltakys, K.; Zadaviciute, S. A Study on the Intercalation of Heavy Metal Ions in a Wastewater by Synthetic Layered Inorganic Adsorbents. Desalin Water Treat. 2015, 56, 1–11.
  • Komarneni, S.; Kozai, N.; Roy, R. Novel Function for Anionic Clays: Selective Transition Metal Cation Uptake by Diadochy. J. Mater. Chem. 1998, 8, 1329–1331.
  • Ma, L. J.; Islam, S. M.; Liu, H. Y.; Zhao, J.; Sun, G. B.; Li, H. F.; Ma, S. L.; Kanatzidis, M. G. Selective and Efficient Removal of Toxic Oxoanions of As(III), As(V), and Cr(VI) by Layered Double Hydroxide Intercalated with MoS42−. Chem. Mater. 2017, 29, 3274–3284.
  • Wang, N.; Sun, J. C.; Fan, H.; Ai, S. Y. Anion-Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides Modified Test Strips for Detection of Heavy Metal Ions. Talanta. 2016, 148, 301–307.
  • Kameda, T.; Takeuchi, H.; Yoshioka, T. Ni–Al Layered Double Hydroxides Modified with Citrate, Malate, and Tartrate: Preparation by Coprecipitation and Uptake of Cu2+ from Aqueous Solution. J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 2011, 72, 846–851.
  • González, M. A.; Pavlovic, I.; Rojas-Delgado, R.; Barriga, C. Removal of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ by Layered Double Hydroxide–Humate Hybrid. Sorbate and Sorbent Comparative Studies. Chem. Eng. J. 2014, 254, 605–611.
  • VanLoon, G. W.; Duffy, S. J. Environmental Chemistry: A Global Perspective; Oxford University Press: New York, 2000.
  • Ling, L.; Liu, W. J.; Zhang, S.; Jiang, H. Achieving High-Efficiency and Ultrafast Removal of Pb(ii) by One-Pot inCorporation of a N-Doped Carbon Hydrogel into FeMg Layered Double Hydroxides. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2016, 4, 10336–10344.
  • Rojas, R. Copper, Lead and Cadmium Removal by Ca Al Layered Double Hydroxides. Appl. Clay Sci. 2014, 87, 254–259.
  • González, M. A.; Trocoli, R.; Pavlovic, I.; Barriga, C.; La Mantia, F. Capturing Cd(ii) and Pb(ii) from Contaminated Water Sources by Electro-Deposition on Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2016, 18, 1838–1845.
  • He, X.; Qiu, X.; Chen, J. Y. Preparation of Fe(II)–Al Layered Double Hydroxides: Application to the Adsorption/Reduction of Chromium. Colloids Surf., A. 2017, 516, 362–374.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.