A Psychoeducational School-Based Group Intervention for Socially Anxious Children

REFERENCES

• Akos , P. ( 2000 ). Building empathic skills in elementary school children through group work . The Journal for Specialists in Group Work , 25 , 214 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . ( 1980 ). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( , 3rd ed. ). Washington , DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . ( 1994 ). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( , 4th ed. ). Washington , DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Association for Specialists in Group Work . ( 1998 ). Best practice guidelines . The Journal for Specialists in Group Work , 23 , 237 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Beard , C. , Weisberg , R. B. , & Primack , J. ( 2012 ). Socially anxious primary care patients' attitudes toward cognitive bias modification (CBM): A qualitative study . Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , 40 , 618 – 633 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Emery , G. , & Greenberg , R. L. ( 1985 ). Anxiety disorders and phobias: a cognitive perspective . New York , NY : Harper Collins .
   Google Scholar
• Beidel , D. C. , & Turner , S. M. ( 2007 ). Shy children, phobic adults: Nature and treatment of social phobia . Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Cartwright-Hatton , S. , Reynolds , S. , & Wilson , C. ( 2011 ). Adult models of anxiety and their application to children and adolescents . In W. K. Silverman & A. P. Field (Eds.), Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (pp. 129 – 158 ). New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cartwright-Hatton , S. , Tschernitz , N. , & Gomersall , H. ( 2005 ). Social anxiety in children: social skills deficit, or cognitive distortion? Behaviour Research and Therapy , 43 , 131 – 141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , D. M. , & Wells , A. ( 1995 ). A cognitive model of social phobia . In R. Heimberg , M. Liebowitz , D. A. Hope , & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment (pp. 69 – 93 ). New York , NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Corey , M. S. , & Corey , G. ( 2006 ). Groups: Process and practice () , 7th ed. . Pacific Grove , CA : Brooks/Cole .
   Google Scholar
• Coryn , C. L. S. , & Hobson , K. A. ( 2011 ). Using nonequivalent dependent variables to reduce internal validity threats in quasi-experiments: Rationale, history, and examples from practice . New Directions for Evaluation , 131 , 31 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Danielson , C. K. , & Phelps , C. R. ( 2003 ). The assessment of children's social skills through self-report: A potential screening instrument for classroom use . Measurement & Evaluation in Counseling & Development , 35 , 218 – 229 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delucia-Waack , J. L. (2006). Leading psychoeducational groups for children and adolescents . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Fisak , B. J. , Richard , D. , & Mann , A. ( 2011 ). The prevention of child and adolescent anxiety: A meta-analytic review . Prevention Science , 12 , 255 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furmark , T. ( 2002 ). Social phobia: Overview of community surveys . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 105 , 84 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerrity , D. A. , & DeLucia-Waack , J. L. ( 2007 ). Effectiveness of groups in the schools . The Journal for Specialists in Group Work , 32 , 97 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , K. R. ( 2006 ). Solving Problems Together: A psychoeducational group model for victims of bullies . The Journal for Specialists in Group Work , 31 , 201 – 217 .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , K. R. , Rushing , J. L. , & Khurshid , A. ( 2011 ). Using the Solving Problems Together psychoeducational group counseling model as an intervention for negative peer pressure . The Journal for Specialists in Group Work , 36 , 97 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Heimberg , R. G. , Stein , M. B. , Hiripi , E. , & Kessler , R. C. ( 2000 ). Trends in the prevalence of social phobia in the United States: A synthetic cohort analysis of changes over four decades . European Psychiatry , 15 , 29 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson , L. , & Zimbardo , P. ( 2010 ). Shyness, social anxiety, and social anxiety disorder . In S. G. Hofmann & P. M. DiBartolo (Eds.), Social anxiety: Clinical, developmental, and social perspectives (pp. 65 – 94 ). New York , NY : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Hertel , P. T. , & Mathews , A. ( 2011 ). Cognitive bias modification: past perspectives, current findings, and future applications . Perspectives on Psychological Science , 6 , 521 – 536 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann , S. G. ( 2007 ). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: a comprehensive model and its treatment implications . Cognitive Behaviour Therapy , 36 , 193 – 209 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jacobs , E. E. , Masson , R. L. , Harvill , R. L. , & Schimmel , C. J. ( 2012 ). Group counseling: Strategies and skills () , 7th ed. . Pacific Grove , CA : Brooks/Cole .
   Google Scholar
• Kashdan , T. B. , & Herbert , J. D. ( 2001 ). Social anxiety disorder in childhood and adolescence: Current status and future directions . Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review , 4 , 37 – 61 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearney , C. A. ( 2005 ). Social anxiety and social phobia in youth: Characteristics, assessment, and psychological treatment . New York , NY : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Kleinknecht , R. A. , Dinnel , D. L. , Kleinknecht , E. E. , Hiruma , N. , & Harada , N. ( 1997 ). Cultural factors in social anxiety: A comparison of social phobia symptoms and Taijin Kyofusho . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 11 , 157 – 177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs , M. K. ( 1992 ). Children's depression inventory—short form (CDI) . New York , NY : Multi-Health Systems Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Kuhl , S. , Bender , C. , Kley , H. , Kramer , M. , & Tuschen-Caffier , B. ( 2010 ). Prevention of social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: Necessary or needless? Verhaltenstherapie , 20 , 239 – 246 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Greca , A. M. , & Stone , W. L. ( 1993 ). The Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised: Factor structure and concurrent validity . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 22 , 17 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau , E. X. , & Rapee , R. M. ( 2011 ). Prevention of anxiety disorders . Current Psychiatry Reports , 13 , 258 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lecrubier , Y. , Wittchen , H. U. , Faravelli , C. , Bobes , J. , Patel , A. , & Knapp , M. ( 2000 ). A European perspective on social anxiety disorder . European Psychiatry , 15 , 5 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonardo , E. D. , & Hen , R. ( 2008 ). Anxiety as a developmental disorder . Neuropsychopharmacology , 33 , 134 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liddle , I. , & MacMillan , S. ( 2010 ). Evaluating the FRIENDS programme in a Scottish setting . Educational Psychology in Practice , 26 , 53 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Liebowitz , M. R. , Gorman , J. M. , Fyer , A. J. , & Klein , D. F. ( 1985 ). Social phobia: review of a neglected anxiety disorder . Archives of General Psychiatry , 42 , 729 – 736 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry-Webster , H. M. , Barrett , P. M. , & Dadds , M. R. (2001). A universal prevention trial of anxiety and depressive symptomatology in childhood: Preliminary data from an Australian study. Behaviour Change , 18, 36–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masia-Warner , C. , Klein , R. G. , Dent , H. C. , Fisher , P. H. , Alvir , J. , Albano , A. M. , & Guardino , M. ( 2005 ). School-based intervention for adolescents with social anxiety disorder: Results of a controlled study . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 33 , 707 – 722 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melfsen , S. , Kuhnemund , M. , Schwieger , J. , Warnke , A. , Stadler , C. , Poustka , F. , & Stangier , U. ( 2011 ). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for socially phobic children focusing on cognition: A randomized wait-list control study . Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health , 5 , 5 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McNeil , D. W. ( 2010 ). Evolution of terminology and constructs in social anxiety and its disorders . In S. G. Hoffmann & P. M. Dibartolo (Eds.), Social anxiety: Clinical, developmental, and social perspectives , (2nd ed. , pp. 3 – 21 ). Amsterdam , The Netherlands : Academic/Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Miers , A. C. , Blöte , A. W. , Bögels , S. M. , & Westenberg , P. M. ( 2008 ). Interpretation bias and social anxiety in adolescents . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 22 , 1462 – 1471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miers , A. C. , Blöte , A. W. , de Rooij , M. , Bokhorst , C. L. , & Westenberg , P. M. ( 2013 ). Trajectories of social anxiety during adolescence and relations with cognition, social competence, and temperament . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 41 , 97 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miers , A. C. , Blöte , A. W. , & Westenberg , P. M. ( 2011 ). Negative social cognitions in socially anxious youth: Distorted reality or kernel of truth? Journal of Child and Family Studies , 20 , 214 – 223 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muris , P. , Huijding , J. , Mayer , B. , & Hameetman , M. ( 2008 ). A space odyssey: Experimental manipulation of threat perception and anxiety-related interpretation bias in children . Child Psychiatry and Human Development , 39 , 469 – 480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muris , P. , & Rijkee , S. ( 2011 ). Facing the beast apart together: Fear in boys and girls after processing information about novel animals individually or in a duo . Journal of Child and Family Studies , 20 , 554 – 559 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neil , A. L. , & Christensen , H. ( 2009 ). Efficacy and effectiveness of school-based prevention and early intervention programs for anxiety . Clinical Psychology Review , 29 , 208 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olatunji , B. O. , Cisler , J. M. , & Deacon , B. J. ( 2010 ). Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: A review of meta-analytic findings . Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 33 , 557 – 577 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Rourke , K. , & Worzbyt , J. C. ( 1996 ). Support groups for children . Philadelphia , PA : Accelerated Development .
   Google Scholar
• Rachman , S. ( 1998 ). Anxiety: a modular course . Hove , England : Psychology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rapee , R. M. , Schniering , C. A. , & Hundson , J. L. ( 2009 ). Anxiety disorders during childhood and adolescence: Origins and treatment . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , 5 , 311 – 341 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence , S. H. ( 2003 ). Social skills training with children and young people: Theory, evidence and practice . Child and Adolescent Mental Health , 8 , 84 – 96 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spence , S. H. , Donovan , C. , & Brechman-Toussaint , M. ( 2000 ). The treatment of childhood social phobia: The effectiveness of a social skills training-based, cognitive-behavioral intervention, with and without parental involvement . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 41 , 713 – 726 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss , C. C. , & Last , C. G. ( 1993 ). Social and simple phobias in children . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 7 , 141 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vassilopoulos , S. P. ( 2008a ). Coping strategies and anticipatory processing in high and low socially anxious individuals . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 22 , 98 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vassilopoulos , S. P. (2008b). Shyness and social anxiety in Greek primary school children: Prevalence and a new self-report measure of childhood anticipatory anxiety. Psychology: The Journal of the Greek Psychological Society , 16, 44–59. [In Greek].
   Google Scholar
• Vassilopoulos , S. P. , & Banerjee , R. ( 2008 ). Interpretations and judgments regarding positive and negative social scenarios in childhood social anxiety . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 46 , 870 – 876 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vassilopoulos , S. P. , Banerjee , R. , & Prantzalou , C. ( 2009 ). Experimental modification of interpretation bias in socially anxious children: Changes in interpretation, anticipated interpersonal anxiety, and social anxiety symptoms . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 47 , 1085 – 1089 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vassilopoulos , S. P. , Koutsopoulou , I. , & Regli , D. ( 2011 ). Psychoeducational groups for children: Theory and Practice . Athens , Greece : Grigoris [in Greek] .
   Google Scholar
• Yalom , I. D. ( 2006 ). Theory and practice of group psychotherapy . Athens , Greece : Agra [in Greek] .
   Google Scholar
• Zvolensky , M. J. , Schmidt , N. B. , Bernstein , A. , & Keough , M. E. ( 2006 ). Risk-factor research and prevention programs for anxiety disorders: A translational research framework . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 44 , 1219 – 1239 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar