5,864
Views
1,352
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Impervious Surface Coverage: The Emergence of a Key Environmental Indicator

Pages 243-258 | Published online: 26 Nov 2007

References

  • Anderson , D. G. 1968 . “ Effects of Urban Development on Floods in Northern Virginia ” . In U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report.
  • APA Zoning News. 1989 . New Techniques for Controlling Stormwater Pollution May
  • Arendt , Randall . 1994a . Rural by Design: Maintaining Small Town Character , Chicago, IL : APA Planners Press .
  • Arendt , Randall . 1994b . Designing Open Space Subdivisions: A Practical Step-By-Step Approach , Media, PA : Natural Lands Trust, Inc. .
  • Arnold , C. L. , Boison , P. J. and Patton , P. C. 1982 . Sawmill Brook: An Example of Rapid Geomorphic Change Related to Urbanization . Journal of Geology , 90 ( 2 ) : 155 – 66 .
  • Arnold , C. L. , Crawford , H. M. , Gibbons , C. J. and Jeffrey , R. F. The Use of Geographic Information System Images as a Tool to Educate Local Officials about the Land Use/Water Quality Connection . Proceedings of the Watersheds 1993 Conference . March 1993 , Alexandria, Virginia. pp. 373 – 7 .
  • Ash , Tom . 1995 . Low-Maintenance Landscapes . Landscape Architecture , 85 ( 9 ) : 136
  • Bannerman , R. T. , Owens , D. W. , Dodds , R. B. and Hornewer , N. J. 1993 . Sources of Pollutants in Wisconsin Stormwater . Water Science and Technology , 28 ( 3-5 ) : 241 – 59 .
  • Ben-Joseph , Eran. 1995 . Changing the Residential Street Scene: Adapting the Shared Street (Woonerf) Concept to the Suburban Environment . Journal of the American Planning Association , 61 ( 4 ) : 505 – 15 .
  • Bitter , Susan D. and Keith , Bowers J. 1994 . Bioretention as a Water Quality Best Management Practice . Watershed Protection Techniques , 1 ( 3 ) : 114 – 6 .
  • Booth , Derek B. and Reinfelt , Lorin E. 1993 . Consequences of Urbanization on Aquatic Systems—Measured Effects, Degradation Thresholds, and Corrective Strategies . Proceedings of the Watershed 1993 Conference . March 1993 , Alexandria, Virginia. pp. 545 – 50 .
  • Burchell , Robert W , Dolphin , William and Harvey , Moskowitz S. 1995 . Impact Assessment of DELEP CCMP versus Status Quo on Twelve Municipalities in the DELEP Region Report #95–06 of the Delaware Estuary Program
  • Cahill , Thomas . 1994 . A Second Look at Porous Pavement/Underground Recharge . Watershed Protection Techniques , 1 ( 2 ) : 76 – 8 .
  • Carter , R. W. 1961 . Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in Suburban Areas. In Short Papers in the Geologic and Hydro-logic Sciences . U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper , 424-B : B9 – B11 .
  • City of Austin, Texas. 1992 . An Ordinance Codifying the “Save Our Springs” Ordinance as Approved by the Qualified Voters of the City on August 8, 1992.
  • City of Olympia, Washington. 1994a . Impervious Surface Reduction Study: Technical and Policy Analysis Final Report , City of Olympia Public Works Department .
  • City of Olympia, Washington. 1994b . Impervious Surface Reduction Study: Impervious Surface Coverage Evaluation: A Basin and Site Coverage Assessment , City of Olympia Public Works Department .
  • City of Olympia, Washington. 1994c . Impervious Surface Reduction Study: Special Parking Capacity Study , City of Olympia Public Works Department .
  • City of Olympia, Washington. 1994d . Impervious Surface Reduction Study: Shared Parking Survey of Local Jurisdictions Summary , City of Olympia Public Works Department .
  • City of Olympia, Washington. 1995 . Impervious Surface Reduction Study: Final Report , City of Olympia Public Works Department .
  • City of San Antonio, Texas. 1995 . An Ordinance Amending Chapter 34, Article VI of the City Code By Adding a New Division 6 Thereunder Entitled “Aquifer Recharge Zone and Watershed Protection.”
  • Civco , Daniel L. and Arnold , C. L. 1994 . Land Use and Land Cover Mapping for the Connecticut and New York Portions of the Long Island Sound Watershed , Grant Proposal to the Long Island Sound Research Fund of the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection .
  • Connecticut Department of Transportation (several staff members). 1995 . Personal communication
  • Craul , Phillip . 1995 . Reducing Soil Compaction . Landscape Architecture , 84 ( 12 ) : 34 – 6 .
  • Duany , Andres and Plater-Zyberk , Elizabeth . 1991 . Towns and Town-Making Principles. , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University School of Design .
  • Dunne , Thomas and Leopold , Luna B. 1978 . Water in Environmental Planning , San Francisco, CA : W H. Freeman and Company .
  • Environmental Protection Agency. 1992 . Managing Non-point Source Pollution: Final Report to Congress on Section 319 of the Clean Water Act , Washington, DC : USEPA Office of Water . United States Environmental Protection Agency #EPA-506/9–90
  • Environmental Protection Agency. 1993a . Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Source Pollution in Coastal Waters , Washington, DC : USEPA Office of Water . United States Environmental Protection Agency #840-B-92–002
  • Environmental Protection Agency. 1993b . The Watershed Protection Approach: Annual Report 1992 , Washington, DC : USEPA Office of Water . United States Environmental Protection Agency #EPA840-S-93–001
  • Environmental Protection Agency. 1993c . Geographic Targeting: Selected State Examples , Washington, DC : USEPA Office of Water . United States Environmental Protection Agency #EPA-841-B-93–001
  • Environmental Protection Agency. 1994 . The Quality of Our Nation's Water: 1992 , Washington, DC : IJSEPA Office of Water . United States Environmental Protection Agency #EPA-841-S-94–002
  • Ferguson , Bruce K. 1994 . Stormwater Infiltration. , Boca Raton, FL : Lewis Publishers, CRC Press, Inc .
  • Frye , Ed and Denning , Rod . 1995 . Michigan Township Uses Watershed-Based Decision-Support System . Geo Info Systems , 5 ( 9 ) : 55 – 7 .
  • Galli , F. J. 1991 . Thermal Impacts Associated with Urbanization and Stormwater Management Best Management Practices , Washington, DC : Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments/Maryland Department of Environment .
  • Gobster , Paul . Social Benefits and Costs of Enhancing Biodiversity in Urban Forests . Alliances for Community Trees: Proceedings of the Fifth National Urban Forest Conference . November 12-17 1991 , Los Angeles, California. pp. 62 – 5 .
  • Griffin , D. M. 1980 . Analysis of Non-Point Pollution Export from Small Catchments . Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation , 52 ( 4 ) : 780 – 90 .
  • Harbor , Jonathan M. 1994 . A Practical Method for Estimating the Impact of Land Use Change on Surface Runoff, Groundwater Recharge and Wetland Hydrology . Journal of the American Planning Association , 60 ( 1 ) : 95 – 108 .
  • Hicks , Anna L. 1995 . Impervious Surface Area and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Response as an Index of Impact from Urbanization on Freshwater Wetlands , Amherst, MA : Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Massachusetts . Unpublished MS Thesis
  • Horsley and Witten, Inc. 1991 . “ Quantification and Control of Nitrogen Inputs to Buttermilk Bay, Massachusetts ” . In Report to the Buzzards Bay National Estuary Program , Barnstable, MA : Horsley and Witten, Inc. .
  • Hoyle , Cynthia L. 1995 . Traffic Calming , American Planning Association . Planning Advisory Service Report Number 456
  • Jaffe , Martin . 1993 . Performance Zoning: A Reassessment . Land Use Law , : 3 – 9 .
  • Kendig , Lane . 1980 . Performance Zoning , Washington, DC : Planners Press, American Planning Association .
  • Kitsap County , Washington. 1994 . Kitsap County Comprehensive Surface and Stormwater Management Program
  • Klein , R. D. 1979 . Urbanization and Stream Quality Impairment . Water Resources Bulletin , 15 ( 4 ) : 948 – 63 .
  • Land Use Law and Zoning Digest. 1995 . Maryland Appeals Court Rules that Watershed Protection Zoning Does Not Cause Unconstitutional Taking . Land Use Law & Zoning Digest , 47 ( 9 ) : 13 – 4 .
  • Leopold , L. B. 1968 . Hydrology for Urban Land Use Planning: A Guidebook on the Hydrologic Effects of Urban Land Use . U.S. Geological Survey Circular , 554
  • Livingston , Eric . 1995 . Tallahassee, FL : Florida Department of Environmental Protection . Personal communication
  • Long Island Sound Study. 1994 . The Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan for Long Island Sound , Stamford, CT : Long Island Sound Office of the Environmental Protection Agency .
  • McHarg , Ian L. 1969 . Design with Nature. , Garden City, NY : The Natural History Press .
  • Merriam , Dwight . 1995 . Hartford, CT : Robinson and Cole . Personal communication
  • Montgomery County, Maryland. 1995 . Upper Paint Branch Watershed Planning Study: Final Draft , Silver Spring, MD : Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission of the Montgomery County Planning Department .
  • Murphy , Scott . 1995 . Kansas City Builds GIS to Defray Costs of Clean Water Act Compliance . Geo Info Systems , 5 ( 6 ) : 39 – 41 .
  • Ross , Lauren D. 1995 . Barton Springs Water Protection Efforts Challenged . Nonpoint Source News-Notes , 42 : 13 – 5 .
  • Schroeder , Herbert and Lewis , Charles . Psychological Benefits and Costs of Urban Forests . Alliances for Community Trees: Proceedings of the Fifth National Urban Forest Conference, Los Angeles . November 12-17 1991 , California. pp. 66 – 8 .
  • Schueler , T. R. 1987 . Controlling Urban Runoff: A Practical Manual for Planning and Designing Urban BMPs Publication #87703 of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments
  • Schueler , T. R. 1992 . “ Mitigating the Adverse Impacts of Urbanization on Streams: A Comprehensive Strategy for Local Government ” . In Watershed Restoration Sourcebook. Edited by: Kumble , P. and Schueler , T. Publication #92701 of the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments
  • Schueler , T. R. 1994a . The Importance of Imperviousness . Watershed Protection Techniques , 1 ( 3 ) : 100 – 11 .
  • Schueler , T. R. 1994b . Hydrocarbon Hotspots in the Urban Landscape: Can They Be Controlled? . Watershed Protection Techniques , 1 ( 1 ) : 3 – 5 .
  • Schueler , T. R. 1994c . Use of Cluster Development to Protect Watersheds . Watershed Protection Techniques , 1 ( 3 ) : 137 – 40 .
  • Schueler , T. R. 1994d . Sources of Urban Stormwater Pollutants Defined in Wisconsin . Watershed Protection Techniques , 1 ( 1 ) : 30 – 1 .
  • Settle , Richard L. , Washburn , J. T. and Wolfe , C. R. 1995 . Washington State Regulatory Reform: Jekyll and Hyde 1995 . Land Use Law & Zoning Digest , 47 ( 9 ) : 3 – 7 .
  • Shoup , Donald C. 1995 . An Opportunity to Reduce Minimum Parking Requirements . Journal of the American Planning Association , 61 ( 1 ) : 14 – 28 .
  • Soil Conservation Service. 1975 . Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds Washington, DC USDA Soil Conservation Service Technical Release No. 55
  • Sorvig , Kim . 1995 . The Path Less Traveled . Landscape Architecture , 84 ( 12 ) : 30 – 3 .
  • Southworth , Michael and Ben-Joseph , Eran . 1995 . Street Standards and the Shaping of Suburbia . Journal of the American Planning Association , 61 ( 1 ) : 65 – 81 .
  • Stankowski , S. J. 1972 . Population Density as An Indirect Indicator of Urban and Suburban Land-surface Modifications . U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper , 800-B : B219 – B224 .
  • Todd , David A. 1989 . Impact of Land Use and Nonpoint Source Loads on Lake Quality . Journal of Environmental Engineering , 115 ( 3 ) : 633 – 49 .
  • Tourbier , J. T. and Westmacott , R. 1981 . Water Resources Protection Technology: A Handbook of Measures to Protect Water Resources in Land Development , Washington, DC : The Urban Land Institute .
  • Town of Brunswick, Maine. 1991 . An Ordinance Creating a Coastal Protection Zone effective August 20, 1991
  • United States House of Representatives. 1988 . “ Coastal Waters in Jeopardy: Reversing the Decline and Protecting America's Coastal Resources ” . In Oversight Report of the Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment and the Subcommittee on Oceanography of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries
  • Untermann , Richard K. 1995 . Office Park Paradise . Landscape Architecture , 85 ( 8 ) : 120
  • Willson , Richard W. 1995 . Suburban Parking Requirements: A Tacit Policy for Automobile Use and Sprawl . Journal of the American Planning Association , 61 ( 1 ) : 29 – 42 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.