431
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Does This Friend Make Me Look Fat? Appearance-Related Comparisons Within Women's Close Friendships

, &

REFERENCES

  • Ajzen , I. ( 2002 ). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 32 , 665 – 683 . doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.
  • Aron , A. , Aron , E. , & Smollan , D. ( 1992 ). Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 63 , 596 – 612 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596.
  • Bartholomew , K. ( 1990 ). Avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 7 , 147 – 178 . doi: 10.1177/0265407590072001.
  • Bartholomew , K. , & Horowitz , L. M. ( 1991 ). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 61 , 226 – 244 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226.
  • Baumeister , R. F. , & Leary , M. R. ( 1995 ). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation . Psychological Bulletin , 117 , 497 – 529 . doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497.
  • Bowlby , J. ( 1969 ). Attachment and loss, Vol. 1: Attachment . New York , NY : Basic Books .
  • Bowlby , J. ( 1973 ). Attachment and loss, Vol. 2: Separation . New York , NY : Basic Books .
  • Brennan , K. A. , Wu , S. , & Loev , J. ( 1998 ). Adult romantic attachment and individual differences in attitudes toward physical contact in the context of adult romantic relationships . In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 394 – 428 ). New York , NY : Guilford .
  • Brown , T. A. , Cash , T. F. , & Mikulka , P. J. ( 1990 ). Attitudinal body-image assessment: Factor analysis of the body self-relations questionnaire . Journal of Personality Assessment , 35 , 134 – 144 . doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5501&2_13.
  • Brown , J. D. , Novick , N. J. , Lord , K. A. , & Richards , J. M. ( 1992 ). When Gulliver travels: Social context, psychological closeness, and self-appraisals . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 62 , 717 – 727 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.62.5.717.
  • Courneya , K. S. ( 1994 ). Predicting repeated behavior from intention: The issue of scale correspondence . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 24 , 580 – 594 . doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00601.x.
  • Edelstein , R. S. , & Shaver , P. R. ( 2004 ). Avoidant attachment: Exploration of an oxymoron . In D. J. Mashek & A. P. Aron (Eds.), Handbook of closeness and intimacy (pp. 397 – 412 ). Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Festinger , L. ( 1954 ). A theory of social comparison processes . Human Relations , 7 , 117 – 140 . doi: 10.1177/001872675400700202.
  • Gabriel , S. , Carvallo , M. , Dean , K. , Tippin , B. D. , & Renaud , J. ( 2005 ). How I see “Me” depends on how I see “We”: The role of avoidance of intimacy in social comparison . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 31 , 1561 – 1572 . doi: 10.1177/0146167205277092.
  • Gabriel , S. , Carvallo , M. , Jaremka , L. M. , & Tippin , B. D. ( 2008 ). A friend is a present you give to your ‘self': Avoidance of intimacy moderates the effects of friends on self-liking . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 44 , 330 – 343 . doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2007.07.008.
  • Gavin , A. R. , Simon , G. E. , & Ludman , E. J. ( 2010 ). The association between obesity, depression, and educational attainment in women: The mediating role of body image dissatisfaction . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 69 , 573 – 581 . doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.05.001.
  • Grabe , S. , Ward , L. M. , & Hyde , J. S. ( 2008 ). The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies . Psychological Bulletin , 134 , 460 – 476 . doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.460.
  • Groesz , L. M. , Levine , M. P. , & Murnen , S. K. ( 2002 ). The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta-analytic review . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 31 , 1 – 16 . doi: 10.1002/eat.10005.
  • Guerrero , L. K. ( 1998 ). Attachment-style differences in the experience and expression of romantic jealousy . Personal Relationships , 5 , 273 – 291 . doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00172.
  • Häfner , M. ( 2004 ). How dissimilar others may still resemble the self: Assimilation and contrast after social comparison . Journal of Consumer Psychology , 14 , 187 – 196 . doi: 10.1207/s15327663jcp1401&2_21.
  • Heinberg , L. J. , & Thompson , J. K. ( 1992 ). Social comparison: Gender, target importance ratings, and relation to body image disturbance . Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , 7 , 335 – 344 .
  • Joiner , T. , Jr. , Wonderlich , S. A. , Metalsky , G. I. , & Schmidt , N. B. ( 1995 ). Body dissatisfaction: A feature of bulimia, depression, or both? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 14 , 339 – 355 . doi: 10.1521/jscp.1995.14.4.339.
  • Jones , D. C. ( 2001 ). Social comparison and body image: Attractiveness comparison to models and peers among adolescent girls and boys . Sex Roles , 45 , 645 – 664 . doi: 10.1023/A:1014815725852
  • Krones , P. G. , Stice , E. , Batres , C. , & Orjada , K. (2005). In vivo social comparison to a thin-ideal peer promotes body dissatisfaction: A randomized experiment. International Journal of Eating Disorders , 38, 134–142. doi: 10.1002/eat.20171.
  • Leahey , T. M. , & Crowther , J. H. ( 2008 ). An ecological momentary assessment of comparison target as a moderator of the effects of appearance-focused social comparisons . Body Image , 5 , 307 – 311 . doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.03.002.
  • Lin , L. F. , & Kulik , J. A. ( 2002 ). Social comparison and women's body satisfaction . Basic and Applied Social Psychology , 24 , 115 – 123 . doi: 10.1207/153248302753674622.
  • Linden-Andersen , S. , Markiewicz , D. , & Doyle , A. ( 2009 ). Perceived similarity among adolescent friends: The role of reciprocity, friendship quality, and gender . The Journal of Early Adolescence , 29 , 617 – 637 . doi: 10.1177/0272431608324372
  • Morry , M. M. ( 2005 ). Relationship satisfaction as a predictor of similarity ratings: A test of the attraction-similarity hypothesis . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 22 , 561 – 584 . doi: 10.1177/0265407505054524.
  • Mussweiler , T. ( 2003 ). Comparison processes in social judgment: Mechanisms and consequences . Psychological Review , 110 , 472 – 489 . doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.110.3.472.
  • Myers , T. A. , & Crowther , J. H. ( 2009 ). Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 118 , 683 – 698 . doi: 10.1037/a0016763.
  • Papies , E. K. , & Nicolaije , K. A. H. ( 2012 ). Inspiration or deflation? Feeling similar or dissimilar to slim and plus-size models affects self-evaluation of restrained eaters . Body Image , 9 , 76 – 85 . doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.08.004.
  • Phelps , L. , Johnston , L. S. , & Augustyniak , K. ( 1999 ). Prevention of eating disorders: Identification of predictor variables . Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention , 7 , 99 – 108 . doi: 10.1080/10640269908251189.
  • Polivy , J. , & Herman , C. P. ( 2002 ). Causes of eating disorders . Annual Review of Psychology , 53 , 187 – 213 . doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135103.
  • Ridolfi , D. R. , Myers , T. A. , Crowther , J. H. , & Ciesla , J. A. ( 2011 ). Do appearance focused cognitive distortions moderate the relationship between social comparisons to peers and media images and body image disturbance? Sex Roles , 65 , 491 – 505 . doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-9961-0.
  • Rodin , J. , Silberstein , L. R. , & Striegel-Moore , R. ( 1985 ). Women and weight: A normative discontent . In T. B. Sondregger (Ed.), Psychology and gender (pp. 267 – 307 ). Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press .
  • Schutz , H. , Paxton , S. J. , & Wertheim , E. ( 2002 ). Investigation of body comparison among adolescent girls . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 32 , 1906 – 1937 . doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00264.x.
  • Selfhout , M. , Denissen , J. , Branje , S. , & Meeus , W. ( 2009 ). In the eye of the beholder: Perceived, actual, and peer-rated similarity in personality, communication, and friendship intensity during the acquaintanceship process . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 96 , 1152 – 1165 . doi: 10.1037/a0014468
  • Stice , E. ( 2002 ). Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review . Psychological Bulletin , 128 , 825 – 848 . doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.825.
  • Strahan , E. J. , Wilson , A. E. , Cressman , K. E. , & Buote , V. M. ( 2006 ). Comparing to perfection: How cultural norms for appearance affect social comparisons and self-image . Body Image , 3 , 211 – 227 . doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.07.004.
  • Tiggemann , M. ( 1992 ). Body-size dissatisfaction: Individual differences in age and gender, and relationship with self-esteem . Personality and Individual Differences , 13 , 39 – 43 . doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(92)90215-B.
  • Tiggemann , M. ( 2005 ). Body dissatisfaction and adolescent self-esteem: Prospective findings . Body Image , 2 , 129 – 135 . doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.03.006.
  • Trottier , K. , Polivy , J. , & Herman , C. P. ( 2007 ). Effects of exposure to thin and overweight peers: Evidence of social comparison in restrained and unrestrained eaters . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 26 , 155 – 172 . doi: 10.1521/jscp.2007.26.2.155.
  • Van den Berg , P. A. , Mond , J. , Eisenberg , M. , Ackard , D. , & Neumark-Sztainer , D. ( 2010 ). The link between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem in adolescents: Similarities across gender, age, weight status, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status . Journal of Adolescent Health , 47 , 290 – 296 . doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.02.004.
  • Van Strien , T. , Frijters , J. , Bergers , G. , & Defares , P. ( 1986 ). The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 5 , 295 – 315 . doi: 10.1002/1098-108X(198602)5:2.
  • Wasilenko , K. A. , Kulik , J. A. , & Wanic , R. A. ( 2007 ). Effects of social comparisons with peers on women's body satisfaction and exercise behavior . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 40 , 740 – 745 . doi: 10.1002/eat.20433.
  • Watson , D. , Clark , L. A. , & Tellegen , A. ( 1988 ). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scale . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 , 1063 – 1070 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063.
  • Wheeler , L. , & Miyake , K. ( 1992 ). Social comparison in everyday life . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 62 , 760 – 773 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.62.5.760.
  • Young , A. F. , Gabriel , S. , & Sechrist , G. B. ( 2012 ). The skinny on celebrities: Parasocial relationships moderate the effects of thin media figures on women's body image . Social Psychological and Personality Science , 49 , 173 – 177 . doi: 10.1177/1948550611434785.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.