221
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Numeracy, Health Numeracy, and Older Immigrants’ Primary Language: An Observation-Oriented Exploration

, &

References

  • Acree, M. (1978). Theories of statistical inference in psychological research: A historico-critical study. Worcerster, MA: Clark University.
  • Apter, A. J., Cheng, J., Small, D., Bennett, I. M., Albert, C., Fein, D. G., … Van Horne, S. (2006). Asthma numeracy skill and health literacy. The Journal of Asthma, 43, 705–710. doi:10.1080/02770900600925585
  • Apter, A. J., Wang, X., Bogen, D. K., Bennett, I. M., Jennings, R. M., Garcia, L., … Ten Have, T. (2009). Linking numeracy and health-related quality of life. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 123, 171. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.151
  • Ashcraft, M. M., & Moore, A. M. (2009). Mathematics anxiety and the affective drop in performance. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 27, 197–205. doi:10.1177/0734282908330580
  • Baddeley, A. (1992). Working memory. Science, 255(5044), 556–559. doi:10.1126/science.1736359
  • Baker, D. W., Williams, M. V., Parker, R. M., Gazmararian, J. A., & Nurss, J. (1999). Development of a brief test to measure functional health literacy. Patient Education and Counseling, 38, 33–42. doi:10.1016/S0738-3991(98)00116-5
  • Berg, L. (2009). Qualitative research methods for social research. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Berger, J. O., & Sellke, T. (1987). Testing a point null hypothesis: The irreconcilability of P values and evidence. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82(397), 135–139. doi:10.2307/2289139
  • Berka, K. (1983). Measurement: Its concepts, theories, and problems (72) (p. 250). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: D. Reidel.
  • Bloom, P., & Wynn, K. (1997). Linguistic cues in acquisition of number words. Journal of Children Language, 24, 511–533. doi:10.1017/S0305000997003188
  • Borsboom, D. (2005). Measuring the mind: Conceptual issues in contemporary psychometrics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brown, E. A., & Grice, J. W. (2012). Mediation analysis via observation oriented modeling. International Journal of Sciences, 1 (November).
  • Brysbaert, M., Fias, W., & Noël, M. (1998). The Whorfian hypothesis and numerical cognition: Is ‘twenty-four’ processed in the same way as ‘four-and-twenty’? Cognition, 66(1), 51–77. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(98)00006-7
  • Bunge, M. (1974). Semantics. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: D. Reidel.
  • Bunge, M. (2014). Chasing reality: Strife over realism. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
  • Bunyi, G. (1997). Multilingualism and discourse in primary school mathematics in Kenya. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 10, 52–65. doi:10.1080/07908319709525240
  • Campbell, J. I., & Epp, L. J. (2004). Encoding-complex approach to numerical cognition in Chinese-English bilinguals. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 229–224. doi:10.1037/h0087447
  • Casasanto, D. (2008). Who’s afraid of the big bad Whorf? Cross-linguistic differences in temporal language and thought. Language Learning, 58(1), 63–79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00462.x
  • Charette, M. C., & Meng, R. (1998). The determinants of literacy and numeracy, and the effect of literacy and numeracy on labour market outcomes. Canadian Journal of Economics, 31, 495–517. doi:10.2307/136200
  • Chew, L. D., Bradley, K. A., & Boyko, E. J. (2004). Brief questions to identify patients with inadequate health literacy. Family Medicine, 36, 588–594.
  • Cleghorn, A., Merritt, M., & Abagi, O. (1989). Language policy and science instruction in Kenyan primary schools. Comparative Education Review, 33, 21–39. doi:10.1086/446810
  • Condry, K. F., & Spelke, E. S. (2008). The development of language and abstract concepts: The case of natural number. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 137, 22–38. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.137.1.22
  • Craig, D. P., Varnon, C. A., Sokolowski, M. B., Wells, H., & Abramson, C. I. (2014). An assessment of fixed interval timing in free-flying honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica): An analysis of individual performance. PLoS One, 9(7), e101262. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101262
  • Cumming, G. (2014). The new statistics: why and how. Psychological Science, 25(1), 7–29. doi:10.1177/0956797613504966
  • Cumming, G., & Fidler, F. (2009). Confidence intervals: better answers to better questions. Zeitschrift für Psychologie/ Journal of Psychology, 217(1), 15–26. doi:10.1027/0044-3409.217.1.15
  • Daniel, L. G. (1998). Statistical significance testing: Historical overview of misuse and misinterpretation with implications for the editorial policies of educational journals. Research in the Schools, 5(2), 23–32.
  • Dehaene, S. (1992). Varieties of numerical abilities. Cognition, 44, 1–42. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(92)90049-N
  • Dennis, M., & Barnes, M. (2002). Math numeracy in young adults with spina bifida and hydrocephalus. Developmental Neuropsychology, 21, 141–155. doi:10.1207/S15326942DN2102_2
  • Donelle, L., Hoffman-Goetz, L., & Arocha, J. F. (2007). Assessing health numeracy among community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Health Communication, 12, 651–665. doi:10.1080/10810730701619919
  • Dornic, S. (1979). Information processing in bilinguals: Some selected issues. Psychological Research, 4, 329–348. doi:10.1007/BF00309415
  • Dowker, A., Bala, S., & Lloyd, D. (2008). Linguistic influences on mathematical development: How important is the transparency of the counting system? Philosophical Psychology, 2, 523–538. doi:10.1080/09515080802285511
  • Ekstrom, R. B., French, J. W., & Harman, H. H. (1976). Manual for kit of factor-referenced cognitive tests (p. 224). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Services.
  • Fidler, F., & Loftus, G. R. (2009). Why figures with error bars should replace p values: Some conceptual arguments and empirical demonstrations. Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 217(1), 27–37. doi:10.1027/0044-3409.217.1.27
  • Fischbein, E. (1999). Intuitions and schemata in mathematical reasoning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 38, 1–50. doi:10.1023/A:1017237429271
  • Frank, M. C., Everett, D. L., Fedorenko, E., & Gibson, E. (2008). Number as a cognitive technology: Evidence from Pirahã language and cognition. Cognition, 108, 819–824. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2008.04.007
  • Giardino, V. (2010). Intuition and visualization in mathematical problem solving. Topoi, 29, 29–39. doi:10.1007/s11245-009-9064-5
  • Gigerenzer, G., Krauss, S., & Vitouch, O. (2004). The null ritual: What you always wanted to know about significance testing but were afraid to ask. In D. Kaplan (Ed.), The Sage handbook of quantitative methodology for the social sciences (pp. 391–408). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Ginsburg, L., Bickerton, B., Southwood, S., Hinds, S. (2011). Adult numeracy: A reader (p. 122). New York, NY: Council for Advancement of Adult Literacy.
  • Gliner, J. A., Leech, N. L., & Morgan, G. A. (2002). Problems with null hypothesis significance testing (NHST): What do the textbooks say? The Journal of Experimental Education, 71(1), 83–92. doi:10.1080/00220970209602058
  • Golbeck, A. L., Ahlers-Schmidt, C. R., Paschal, A. M., & Dismuke, S. E. (2005). A definition and operational framework for health numeracy. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 29, 375–376. doi:10.1016/j. amepre.2005.06.012
  • Gordon, P. (2004). Numerical cognition without words: Evidence from Amazonia. Science, 306, 496–499. doi:10.1126/science.1094492
  • Grice, J. W. (2011a). Observation oriented modeling: Analysis of cause in the behavioral sciences (p. 239). London, UK: Academic Press.
  • Grice, J. W. (2011b). Observation oriented modeling software manual. Stillwater: Oklahoma State University.
  • Grice, J. W., Barrett, P. T., Schlimgen, L. A., & Abramson, C. I. (2012). Toward a brighter future for psychology as an observation oriented science. Behavioral Sciences, 2(4), 1–22. doi:10.3390/bs2010001
  • Haller, H., & Krauss, S. (2002). Misinterpretations of significance: A problem students share with their teachers. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 7, 1–20.
  • Hauer, E. (2004). The harm done by tests of significance. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36, 495–500. doi:10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00036-8
  • Haun, J. N., Valerio, M. A., McCormack, L. A., Sørensen, K., & Paasche-Orlow, M. K. (2014). Health literacy measurement: An inventory and descriptive summary of 51 instruments. Journal of Health Communication, 19(Suppl. 2), 302–333. doi:10.1080/10810730.2014.936571
  • Hoekstra, R., Morey, R. D., Rouder, J. N., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2014). Robust misinterpretation of confidence intervals. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 21, 1157–1164. doi:10.3758/s13423-013-0572-3
  • Hogben, L. T. (1957). Statistical theory: The relationship of probability, credibility, and error; an examination of the contemporary crisis in statistical theory from a behaviourist viewpoint (p. 510). London, UK: Allen & Unwin.
  • Huizinga, M. M., Beech, B. M., Cavanaugh, K. L., Elasy, T. A., & Rothman, R. L. (2008). Low numeracy skills are associated with higher BMI. Obesity, 16, 1966–1968. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.294
  • Hunt, E., & Agnoli, F. (1991). The Whorfian hypothesis: A cognitive psychology perspective. Psychological Review, 98, 377–389. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.98.3.377
  • Kay, P., & Kempton, W. (1984). What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? American Anthropologist, 86, 65–79. doi:10.1525/aa.1984.86.1.02a00050
  • Kirk, J. K. D., Grzywacz, J. G., Arcury, T. A., Ip, E. H., Nguyen, H. T., Bell, R. A., … Quandt, S. A. (2011). Performance of health literacy tests among older adults with diabetes. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27, 534–540. doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1927-y
  • Krueger, J. (2001). Null hypothesis significance testing: On the survival of a flawed method. American Psychologist, 56(1), 16–26. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.1.16
  • Leakey, L. S. (1977). The Southern Kikuyu before 1903. London, UK: Academic Press.
  • Lecoutre, M.-P., Poitevineau, J., & Lecoutre, B., etal. (2003). Even statisticians are not immune to misinterpretations of null hypothesis significance tests. International Journal of Psychology, 38(1), 37–45.
  • Lefevre, J., Liu, J. (1997). The role of language in numeric skill: Multiplication performance in adults from Canada and China. Mathematical Cognition, 3, 31–62. doi:10.1080/135467997387470
  • Levine, T. R., Weber, R., Hullett, C., Park, H. S., & Lindsey, L. L. M. (2008). A critical assessment of null hypothesis significance testing in quantitative communication research. Human Communication Research, 34, 171–187. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2008.00317.x
  • Lewin, K. (1931). The conflict between Aristotelian and Galilean modes of thought in contemporary psychology. The Journal of General Psychology, 5, 141–177. doi:10.1080/00221309.1931.9918387
  • Lipkus, I. M., Peters, E., Kimmick, G., Liotcheva, V., & Marcom, P. (2010). Breast cancer patients’ treatment expectation after exposure to decision aid program online: The influence of numeracy. Medical Decision Making, 30, 464–473. doi:10.1177/0272989 × 09360371
  • Lloyd, C. B., Mensch, B. S., & Clark, W. H. (2000). Effects of primary school quality on school dropout among Kenyan girls and boys. Comparative Education Review, 44, 113–147. doi:10.1086/447600
  • Loftus, G. R. (1996). Psychology will be a much better science when we change the way we analyze data. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 5, 161–171. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep11512376
  • Macchi, L., & Bagassi, M. (2012). Intuitive and analytical processes in insight problem solving: A psycho-rhetorical approach to the study of reasoning. Mind & Society, 11, 53–67. doi:10.1007/s11299-012-0103-3
  • Meehl, P. E. (1967). Theory-testing in psychology and physics: A methodological paradox. Philosophy of Science, 34, 103–115. doi:10.1086/288135
  • Meehl, P. E. (2003). Theoretical risks and tabular asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the slow progress of soft psychology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 806–834. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.46.4.806
  • Menninger, K. (1969). Number words and number symbols: A cultural history of numbers (p. 408). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Michell, J. (1999). Measurement in psychology: A critical history of a methodological concept. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Miller, K. F., & Stigler, J. W. (1987). Counting in Chinese: Cultural variation in a basic cognitive skill. Cognitive Development, 2, 279–305. doi:10.1016/S0885-2014(87)90091-8
  • Miura, I. T., Okamoto, Y., Kim, C. C., & Chang, C. (1994). Comparisons of children’s cognitive representation of number: China, France, Japan, Korea, Sweden, and the United States. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 17, 401–411. doi:10.1177/016502549401700301
  • Miura, I. T., Okamoto, Y., Kim, C. C., Steere, M., & Fayol, M. (1993). First graders’ cognitive representation of number and understanding of place value: Cross-national comparisons: France, Japan, Korea, Sweden, and the United States. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 24–30. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.85.1.24
  • Miura, I. T., Okamoto, Y., Vlahovic-Stetic, V., Kim, C. C., & Han, J. H. (1999). Language supports for children’s understanding of numerical fractions: Cross-national comparisons. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 73, 356–365. doi:10.1006/jecp.1999.2519
  • Morgan, P. L. (2003). Null hypothesis significance testing: Philosophical and practical considerations of a statistical controversy. Exceptionality, 11, 209–221. doi:10.1207/S15327035EX1104_2
  • Ng, S. S., & Rao, N. (2010). Chinese number words, culture, and mathematics learning. Review of Educational Research, 80, 180–206. doi:10.3102/0034654310364764
  • Ozdemir, H., Alper, Z, Uncu, Y., & Bilgel, N. (2010). Health literacy among adults: a study from Turkey. Health Education Research, 25, 464–477. doi:10.1093/her/cyp068
  • Peters, E., Slovic, P., Västfjäll, D., & Mertz, C. K. (2008). Intuitive numbers guide decisions. Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 619–635.
  • Pica, P., Lemer, C., Izard, V., & Dehaene, S. (2004). Exact and approximate arithmetic in an Amazonian indigene group. Science, 304, 499–503. doi:10.1126/science.1102085
  • Reitz, J. G. (2007). Immigrant employment success in Canada, Part I: Individual and contextual causes. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 8, 11–36. doi:10.1007/s12134-007-0001-4
  • Robinson, D. H., & Wainer, H. (2001). On the past and future of null hypothesis significance testing (Research Rep. No. RR-01-24). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
  • Rodgers, J. L. (2010). The epistemology of mathematical and statistical modeling: A quiet methodological revolution. American Psychologist, 65, 1–12. doi:10.1037/a0018326
  • Rootman, I., & Ronson, B. (2005). Literacy and health research in Canada: Where we have been and where we should go. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96, s62–s77.
  • Rothman, R. L., Montori, V. M., Cherrington, A., & Pignone, M. P. (2008). Perspective: The role of numeracy in health care. Journal of Health Communication, 13, 583–595. doi:10.1080/10810730802281791
  • Rozeboom, W. W. (1960). The fallacy of the null-hypothesis significance test. Psychological Bulletin, 57, 416–428. doi:10.1037/h0042040
  • Runkel, P. J. (2007). Casting nets and testing specimens: Two grand methods of psychology (2nd ed.). Hayward, CA: Living Control Systems Pub.
  • Schwartz, L. M., Woloshin, S., & Welch, H. G. (2005). Can patients interpret health information? An assessment of the medical data interpretation test. Medical Decision Making, 25, 290–300. doi:10.1177/0272989 × 05276860
  • Sentell, T., & Braun, K. L. (2012). Low health literacy, limited English proficiency and health status in Asians, Latinos and other racial/ethnic groups in California. Journal of Health Communication, 17, 82–99. doi:10.1080/10810730.2012.712621
  • Shomos, A. (2010). Links between literacy and numeracy skills and labour market outcomes. Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper. Melbourne, Australia: Media and Publications.
  • Simon, H. A. (1990). Invariants of human behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 1–20.
  • Smyth, R., & Lane, C. (2009). Skills and education: How well do educational qualifications measure skills? Wellington, New Zealand: Tertiary Sector Performance Analysis and Reporting Strategy and System Performance, Ministry of Education, Government of New Zealand.
  • Spelke, E., & Tsivkin, S. (2001). Language and number: A bilingual training study. Cognition, 78, 45–88. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00108-6
  • Statistics Canada. (2005). Building on our competencies: Canadian results of the international adult literacy and skills survey (Catalogue No. 89-617-XIE). Ottawa, Canada: Ministry of Industry.
  • Stigler, J. W., Lee, S. Y., & Stevenson, H. W. (1986). Digit memory in Chinese and English: Evidence for a temporally limited store. Cognition, 23, 1–20. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(86)90051-X
  • Taylor, J. G. (1958). Experimental design: A cloak for intellectual sterility. British Journal of Psychology, 49, 106–116. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1958.tb00646.x
  • Trafimow, D., & Rice, S. (2009). A test of the null hypothesis significance testing procedure correlation argument. The Journal of General Psychology, 136, 261–269. doi:10.3200/GENP.136.3.261-270
  • Trout, J. D. (1999). Measured realism and statistical inference: An explanation for the fast progress of” hard” psychology. Philosophy of Science, 66, 260–272. doi:10.1086/392730
  • Valentine, K. D., & Buchanan, E. M. (2013). JAM-boree: An application of observation oriented modelling to judgements of associative memory. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 400–422. doi:10.1080/20445911.2013.775120
  • Waller, N. G. (2004). The fallacy of the null hypothesis in soft psychology. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 11, 83–86. doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.015
  • Weiss, B. D., Mays, M. Z., Martz, W., Castro, K. M., DeWalt, D. A., Pignone, M. P., … Hale, F. A. (2005). Quick assessment of literacy in primary care: The Newest Vital Sign. Annals of Family Medicine, 3, 514–522. doi:10.1370/afm.405
  • Wiese, H. (2003). Numbers, language and the human mind (p. 358). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wolff, P., & Holmes, K. V. (2011). Linguistic relativity. Cognitive Science, 2, 253–265. doi:10.1002/wcs.104
  • Wynn, K. (1992). Children’s acquisition of the number words and the counting system. Cognitive Psychology, 24, 220–251. doi:10.1016/0010-0285(92)90008-P
  • Zanchetta, M., & Poureslami, I. (2006). Health literacy within the reality of immigrants’ culture and language. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 97, S26–S30.
  • Zavlasky, C. (1973). Africa counts (p. 210). Boston, MA: Prindle, Weber & Schmidt.
  • Zhang, S., & Schmitt, B. (1998). Language-dependent classification: The mental representation of classifiers in cognition, memory, and ad evaluations. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 375–385. doi:10.1037/1076-898x.4.4.375

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.