I like You Even Less at Christmas Dinner! Prejudice Level as a Function of an Approaching National or Religious Holiday

References

• Abrams, D., Van de Vyver, J., Vasiljevic, M., & Houston, D. M. (2017). Does terror defeat contact? Intergroup contact and prejudice toward Muslims before and after the London bombings. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 23(3), 260–268. doi:10.1037/pac0000167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aslund, O., & Roth, D.-O. (2005). Shifts in attitudes and labor market discrimination: Swedish experience after 9–11. Journal of Population Economics, 18, 603–629. doi:10.1007/s00148-005-0036-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, J. C., Enders-Comberg, A., Wagner, U., Christ, O., & Butz, D. A. (2012). Beware of national symbols. How flags can threaten intergroup relations. Social Psychology, 43(1), 3–6. doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, M. R., & Einolf, C. J. (2017). Religion, altruism, and helping strangers: A multilevel analysis of 126 countries. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 56(2), 323–341. doi:10.1111/jsrr.12328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilewicz, M., & Sedek, G. (2015). Conspiracy stereotypes. The sociopsychological antecedents and consequences. In: M. Bilewicz, A. Cichocka, & W. Soral (Eds.). The psychology of conspiracy (pp. 3–22). London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bridges, F. S., Keeton, K. B., & Clark, L. N. (2002). Responses to lost letters about a 2000 general election amendment to abolish prohibition of interracial marriages in Alabama. Psychological Reports, 91(7), 1148–1150. doi:10.2466/PR0.91.7.1148-1150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, R. J. (2000). Group processes: Dynamics within and between groups (2nd ed.) Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, S., Mamadi, C., & Carter, S. (2009). The interaction of race and gender: Changing gender-role attitudes, 1974–2006. Social Science Quarterly, 90(1), 196–211. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00611.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coenders, M., Lubbers, M., Scheepers, P., & Verkuyten, M. (2008). More than two decades of changing ethnic attitudes in the Netherlands. Journal of Social Issues, 64(2), 269–285. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.00561.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crandall, C. S., Miller, J. M., & White, II. M. H. (2018). Changing norms following the 2016 U.S. Presidential election: The Trump effect on prejudice. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 9, 186–192. doi:10.1177/1948550617750735
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Rooij, E. A., Goodwin, M. J., & Pickup, M. (2015). Threat, prejudice and the impact of the riots in England. Social Science Research, 51, 369–383. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch2014.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan, K. (2014). When does gender matter? Women candidates and gender stereotypes in American elections. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Echebarria-Echabe, A., & Fernandez-Guede, E. (2006). Effects of terrorism on attitudes and ideological orientation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 36(2), 259–265. doi:10.1002/ejsp.294
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eiser, J. R. (1994). Toward a dynamic conception of attitude consistency and change. In: R. E. Vallacher, & A. Nowak (Eds.), Dynamical systems in social psychology (pp. 197–218). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler, N. (1979). After the riots – the police in Europe. London, UK: Davis-Poyuter Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Galen, L. W. (2012). Does religion belief promote prosociality? A critical examination. Psychological Bulletin, 138(5), 876–906. doi:10.1037/a0028251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales, K. A., Pulice-Farrow, L., & Galupo, M. P. (2018). ‘My aunt unfriended me:’ Narratives of GLBTQ family relationships post 2016 presidential election. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 14, 61–84. doi:10.1080/1550428X.2017.1420845
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUS. (2017). Jakość życia w Polsce w 2015 roku. Wyniki badań spójności społecznej. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny.
   Google Scholar
• Haddock, G., Zanna, M. P., & Esses, V. M. (1993). Difference score correlations in relationship research: A conceptual primer. Personal Relationships, 6, 505–518. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1999.tb00206.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halevy, N., Bornstein, G., & Sagiv, L. (2008). “In group love” and “out-group hate” as motives for individual participation in intergroup conflict. Psychological Science, 19(4), 405–411. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02100.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson, R. O., & Slade, K. M. (1977). Altruism toward a deviant in city and small town. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 7(3), 272–279. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb00751.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitlan, R., Carrillo, K., Zarate, M. A., & Aikman, S. N. (2007). Attitudes toward immigrants group and the September 11 terrorist attacks. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 13(2), 135–152. doi:10.1080/10781910701270970
   Google Scholar
• Howe, L. C., & Krosnick, J. A. (2017). Attitude strength. Annual Review of Psychology, 68(1), 327–351. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, L. M., & Esses, V. M. (1997). Of scripture and ascription: The relation between religious fundamentalism and intergroup helping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(8), 893–906. doi:10.1177/0146167297238009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, M. K., Rowatt, W. C., & LaBouff, P. (2010). Priming Christian religious concepts increases racial prejudice. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12, 119–126. doi:10.1177/1948550609357246
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, M. K., Rowatt, W. C., & LaBouff, P. (2012). Religiosity and prejudice revisited: In- group favoritism, out-group derogation, or both? Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4(2), 154–168. doi:10.1037/a0025107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, V., Elder, G. H., Jr., & Whitbeck, L. B. (1997). Religious involvement among rural youth: An ecological and life-course perspective. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 7(4), 431–456. doi:10.1207/s15327795/jra0704_5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kofta, M., & Sedek, G. (2005). Conspiracy stereotypes of Jews during systemic transformation in Poland. International Journal of Sociology, 35, 40–64. doi:10.1080/00207659.2005.11043142
   Google Scholar
• Kteily, N., Bruneau, E., Waytz, A., & Cotteril, S. (2015). The ascent of man: Theoretical and empirical evidence of blatant dehumanization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(5), 901–931. doi:10.1037/pspp0000048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaBouff, J. P., Rowatt, W. C., Johnson, M. K., & Finkle, C. (2012). Differences in attitudes toward outgroups in religious and nonreligious contexts in a multinational sample: A situational context priming study. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 22, 1–9. doi:10.1080/10508619.2012.634778
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malachov, V., & Letnyakov, D. (2018). Perception of Islam in the Russian Society: Comparative dimesions. State Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide, 36, 248–271. doi:10.22394/2073-7203-2018-36-2-248-271
   Google Scholar
• Milgram, S., Mann, L., & Harter, S. (1965). The lost-letter technique. Public Opinion Quarterly, 29(3), 437–438. doi:10.1086/267344
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oswald, F. L., Mitchell, G., Blanton, H., Jaccard, J., & Tetlock, P. E. (2013). Predicting ethnic and racial discrimination: A meta-analysis of IAT criterion studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(2), 171–192. doi:10.1037/a0032734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J., Felix, K., & Lee, G. (2007). Implicit attitudes toward arab-muslim and the moderating effects of social information. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 29(1), 35–45. doi:10.1080/01973530701330942
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen, D. M. (1996). Religion and self-identity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82(3_suppl), 1369–1370. doi:10.2466/pms.1996.82.3c.1366
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen, D. M., Williams, R. N., & Kristensen, K. B. (2000). The relation of spiritual self-identity to religious orientations and attitudes. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 28(2), 138–148. doi:10.1177/009164710002800206
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichon, I., & Saroglou, V. (2009). Religion and helping: Impact of target thinking styles and just-world beliefs. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 31(2), 215–236. doi:10.1163/157361209X424466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saroglou, V. (2012). Is religion not prosocial at all? Comment on Galen (2012). Psychological Bulletin, 138(5), 907–912. doi:10.1037/a0028927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saroglou, V., Pichon, I., Trompette, L., Verschueren, M., & Dernelle, R. (2005). Prosocial behavior and religion: New evidence based on projective measures and peer ratings. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 44(3), 323–348. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2005.00289.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnabel, L. (2016). Gender and homosexuality attitudes accros religious groups from the 1970s to 2014: Similarity, distinction, and adaptation. Social Science Research, 55, 31–47. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.09.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struch, N., & Schwartz, S. H. (1989). Intergroup aggression: Its predictors and distinctiveness from intergroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(3), 364–373. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.3.364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trafimow, D., Wang, T., & Wang, C. (2019). From a sample precision perspective, skewness is a friend and not an enemy. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 79(1), 129–150. doi:10.1177/0013164418764801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentino, N. A., & Brader, T. (2011). The sword’s other edge: Perceptions of discrimination and racial policy opinion after Obama. Public Opinion Quarterly, 75(2), 201–226. doi:10.1093/poq/inf.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner, M. J., & Lurey, E. (1973). The “lost letter technique” as a predictor of the 1972 presidential election. The Journal of Psychology, 84, 195–197. doi:10.1080/00223980.1973.9923829
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley, B. E., Jr., & Kite, M. E. (2010). The psychology of prejudice and discrimination (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• Witte, T. K., Smith, A. R., & Joiner, T. Jr, (2010). Reason for cautious optimism? Two studies suggesting reduced stigma against suicide. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66, 611–626. doi:10.1002/jclp.20691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar