168
Views
31
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

La investigación sobre Earnings Managements

Research on Earnings Management

, &
Pages 1001-1033 | Received 19 Feb 2004, Accepted 02 Jun 2005, Published online: 15 Jan 2014

7. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

  • Abarbanell, J., y Lehavy, R. [2003]: «Can stock recommendations predict earnings management and analysts' earnings forecasts errors?», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 41, n.° 1, pp. 1–31.
  • Abbot, L. J.; Parker, S., y Peter, G. F. [2002]: Audit Committee characteristics and financial misstatement: A study of the efficacy of certain Blue Ribbon Committee recommendations, Working Paper, Social Science Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Aharony, J.; Lin, C., y Loeb, M. [1993]: «Initial Public Offerings, accounting choices, and earnings management», Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 10, n.° 1, pp. 61–81.
  • Ahmed, A. S.; Takeda, C., y Thomas, S. [1999]: «Bank loan loss provisions: a re-examination of capital management, earnings management and signalling effects», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 28, n.° 1, pp. 1–25.
  • Albrecht, V. D., y Richardson, F. M. [1990]: «Income smoothing by economy sector», Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Vol. 17, n.° 5, pp. 713–731.
  • Alcarria, J. J., y Gill DE Albornoz, B. [2003]: «Analysis and diagnosis of income smoothing in Spain», The European Accounting Review, Vol. 12, n.° 3, pp. 443–463.
  • Antle, R.; Gordon, E.; Narayanamoorthy, G., y Zhou, L. [2002]: The joint determination of audit fees, non- audit fees, and abnormal accruals, Working Paper, Social Science Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Amat, O., y Blake, I. D [1996]: La contabilidad creativa, Ed. Gestión 2000, Barcelona.
  • Apellániz, P, [1991]: «Una aproximación empírica al alisamiento de beneficios en la banca española», Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, Vol. 20, n.° 66, pp. 195–219.
  • Apellániz, P., y Labrador, M. [1995]: «El impacto de la regulación contable en la manipulación del beneficio. Estudio empírico de los efectos del PGC de 1990», Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, Vol. 24, n.° 82, pp. 13–40.
  • Arcas, M. J., y Vidal, M. A. [2004]: «Actuación discrecional sobre el resultado ante un cambio en la normativa fiscal», Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, Vol. 33, n.° 122, pp. 603–636.
  • Azofra, V.; Castrillo, L. A., y Delgado, M. M. [2003]: «Ownership concentration, debt financing and the investment opportunity set determinants of accounting discretion: Empirical evidence from Spain», Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, n.° 115 (Special Issue), pp. 215–255.
  • Baber, W. R.; Fairfield, P. M., y Haggard, J. A. [1991]: «The effect of concern about reported income on discretionary spending decisions the case of research and development» The Accounting Review
  • Bagnoli, M., y Watts, S. G. [2000]: «The effect of relative performance evaluation on earnings management: a game-theoretic approach», Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Vol. 19, n.° 4–5, pp. 377–397.
  • Bange, M. M., y Debondt, W. F. M. [1998]: «R&D budgets and corporate earnings targets», Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol. 4, n.° 2, pp. 153–184.
  • Barnea, A.; Ronen, J., y Sadan, S. [1976]: «Classificatory smoothing of income with extraordinary items», The Accounting Review, Vol. 51, n.° 1, pp. 110–122.
  • Barth, M. E.; Elliot, J. A., y Finn, M. W. [1999]: «Market rewards associated with patterns of increasing earnings», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 37, n.° 2, pp. 387–413.
  • Bartov, E.; Givoly, D., y Hayn, C. [2002]: «The rewards to meeting or beating earnings expectations», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 33, n.° 2, pp. 173–204.
  • Bartov, E. [1993]: «The timing of asset sales and earnings manipulation», The Accounting Review, Vol. 68, n.° 4, pp. 840–855.
  • Beasley, M. S. [1996]: «An empirical analysis of the relation between the board of directors and financial statement fraud», The Accounting Review, Vol. 71, n.° 4, pp. 443–465.
  • Beasley, M. S.; Carcello, J. V.; Hermanson, D., y Lapides, P. [2000]: «Fraudulent financial reporting: consideration of industry traits and corporate governance mechanisms», Accounting Horizons, Vol. 14, n.° 4, pp. 441–454.
  • Beatty, A. L.; Ke, B., y Petroni, K. [2002]: «Earnings management to avoid declines across publicly and privately held banks», The Accounting Review, Vol. 77, n.° 3, pp. 547–570.
  • Beatty, A. L., y Weber, K. [2003]: «The effects of debt contracting on voluntary accounting method changes», The Accounting Review, Vol. 78, n.° 1, pp. 119–142.
  • Beaver, W. H. [1989]: Financial reporting: An accounting revolution, Ed. Prentice-Hall, International Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
  • Beaver, W. H., y Engel, E. E. [1996]: «Discretionary behaviour with respect to allowances for loan losses and the behaviour of security prices», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 22, n.° 1–3, pp. 177–206.
  • Beaver, W. H.; Mcnichols, M. F., y Nelson, K. K. [2003]: «Management of the loss reserve accrual and the distribution of earnings in the property casualty insurance industry», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 35, n.° 2, pp. 347–376.
  • Beaver, W. H.; Mcnichols, M. F., y Nelson, K. K. [2004]: An alternative interpretation of the discontinuity in earnings distributions, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Becker, C. L.; Defond, M. L.; Jiambalvo, J., y Subramanyam, K. R. [1998]: «The effect of audit quality on earnings management», Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 15, n.° 1, pp. 1–24.
  • Beidleman, C. R. [1973]: «Income smoothing: The role of management», The Accounting Review, Vol. 48, n.° 4, pp. 653–667.
  • Beneish, M. D. [1997]: «Detecting GAAP violation: implications for assessing earnings management among firms with extreme financial performance», Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Vol. 16, n.° 3, pp. 271–309.
  • Beneish, M. D. [1999]: «Incentives and penalties related to earnings overstatements that violate GAAP», The Accounting Review, Vol. 74, n.° 4, pp. 425–457.
  • Bernard, V., y Skinner, D. [1996]: «What motivates managers' choice of discretionary accruals?», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 22, n.° 1–3, pp. 313–325.
  • Bikky, J., y Picheng, L. [2002]: «Earnings management in response to debt covenant violations and debt restructuring», Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, Vol. 17, n.° 4, pp. 295–324.
  • Black, E. L.; Manly, T. S., y Sellers, K. F. [1998]: «Earnings Management using asset sales: an international study of countries allowing non-current asset revaluation», Journal of Business, Finance and Accounting, Vol. 26, n.° 9–10, pp. 1287–1317.
  • Boynton, C. E.; Dobbins, P. S., y Plesko, G. A. [1992]: «Earnings management and the corporate alternative minimum tax», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 30, n.° 3 (suplemento), pp. 131–153.
  • Brayshaw, R. E., y Eldin, A. E. K. [1989]: «The smoothing hypothesis and the role of exchange differences», Journal of Business, Finance and Accounting, Vol. 16, n.° 5, pp. 621–622.
  • Brown, L. D. [1998]: Managerial behaviour and the bias in analysts' earnings forecasts, Working Paper, Georgia State University.
  • Brown, L. D. [2001]: «A temporal analysis of the earnings surprise: profit versus losses», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 39, n.° 2, pp. 221–241.
  • Brown, L. D., y Higgins, H. [2005]: «Managers' forecast guidance of analysts: International evidence», Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, en prensa. Disponible en Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Brown, L. D. [2003]: «Small negative surprises: frequency and consequence», International Journal of Forecasting, Vol. 19, n.° 1, pp. 149–159.
  • Burgstahler, D., y Dichev, I. [1997]: «Earnings Management to avoid earnings decreases and losses», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 24, n.° 1, pp. 99–126.
  • Burgstahler, D., y Eames, M. [2003]: «Earnings management to avoid losses and earnings decrease: Are analysts fooled?», Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 20, n.° 2, pp. 253–294.
  • Burgstahler, D.; Hail, L., y Leuz, C. [2004]: The importance of reporting incentives: earnings management in European private and public firms, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Bushee, B. [1998]: «The influence of institutional investors on myopic R&D investment behaviour», The Accounting Review, Vol. 73, n.° 3, pp. 305–373.
  • Caneghem, T. V. [2002]: «Earnings management induced by cognitive reference points», British Accounting Review, Vol. 34, n.° 2, pp. 167–178.
  • Cano, M. [2002]: Manipulación del resultado para la consecución de objetivos: Evidencia empírica en España, Comunicación al X Encuentro de la Asociación Española de Profesores Universitarios de Contabilidad (ASEPUC), Santiago de Compostela, mayo-junio.
  • Cahan, S. [1992]: «The effect of antitrust investigations on discretionary accruals: A refined tests of the political costs hypothesis», The Accounting Review, Vol. 65, n.° 1, pp. 77–95.
  • Carlson, S., y Bathala, C. [1997]: «Ownership differences and firm's income smoothing behaviour», Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Vol. 24, n.° 2, pp. 179–196.
  • Carslaw, C. A. P. N. [1988]: «Anomalies in income numbers: Evidence of goal oriented behaviour», The Accounting Review, Vol. 63, n.° 2, pp. 321–327.
  • Chan, L. K. C.; Karceski, J., y Lakonishok, J. [2004]: Analysts' conflict of interest and biases in earnings forecasts, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Chaney, P. K.; Jeter, D. C., y Lewis, C. M. [1998]: «The use of accruals in income smoothing: A permanent earnings hypothesis», Advances in Quantitative Analysis of Finance and Accounting, Vol. 6, pp. 103–135.
  • Cheng, A., y Reitenga, A. [2003]: «Characteristics of institutional investors and discretionary accruals», Journal of Applied Business Research, en prensa. Disponible en Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Chevis, G.; Das, S., y Shvaramakrishnan, K. [2001]: An empiricial analysis of firms that meet or exceed analysts' earnings, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Chtourou, S. M.; Bédard, J., y Courteau, L. [2003]: Corporate Governance and Earnings Management,
  • Cohen, D. A.; Dey, A., y Lys, T. Z. [2005]: Trends in earnings management and informativeness of earnings announcements in the Pre- and Post-Sarbanes Oxley Periods, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Collins, J. H.; Shackelford, D. A., y Wahlen, J. M. [1995]: «Bank differences in the coordination of regulatory capital, earnings, and taxes», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 33, n.° 2, pp. 263–291.
  • Collins, D. W., y Hribar, P. [2002]: «Errors in estimating accruals: Implications for empirical research», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 40, n.° 1, pp. 105–134.
  • Craswell, A.; Stokes, D. J., y Laughton, J. [2002]: «Auditor independence and fee dependence», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 33, n.° 3, pp. 253–275.
  • Daley, L. A., y Vigeland, R. L. [1983]: «The effects of debt covenants and political costs on the choice of accounting methods: The case of accounting for Research and Development costs», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 5, pp. 195–211.
  • Das, S., y Zhang, H. [2003]: «Rounding-up in reported EPS, behavioural thresholds, and earnings management», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 35, n.° 1, pp. 31–50.
  • Deandrés, P.; Azofra, V, y López, E [2001]: Discrecionalidad directiva, dirección de resultados y gobierno de la empresa: un análisis empírico internacional, Working Paper, Universidad de Valladolid (http://www2.eco.uva.es/~flopez/downlds/zaragoza.pdf).
  • Deangelo, L. E. [1986]: «Accounting Numbers as Market valuation Substitutes: A study of Management Buyouts of Public Stockholders», The Accounting Review, Vol. 61, n.° 3, pp. 400–420.
  • Deangelo, L. E. [1988]: «Managerial competition, information costs, and corporate governance: the use of accounting performance measures in proxy contests», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 10, n.° 1, pp. 3–36.
  • Deangelo, H.; Deangelo, L. E., y Skinner, D. [1994]: «Accounting choice in troubled companies», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 17, n.° 1–2, pp. 113–143.
  • Dechow, P. M., y Sloan, R. G. [1991]: «Executive incentives and the horizon problem», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 14, n.° 1, pp. 57–96.
  • Dechow, P. M. [1994]: «Accounting earnings and cash flows as measures of firm performance», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 18, n.° 1, pp. 3–42.
  • Dechow, P. M.; Sloan, R. G., y Sweeny, A. P. [1995]: «Detecting earnings management», The Accounting Review, Vol. 70, n.° 2, pp. 193–225.
  • Dechow, P. M.; Sloan, R. G., y Sweeny, A. P. [1996]: «Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: An analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC», Contemporary Accounting Review, Vol. 13, n.° 1, pp. 1–36.
  • Deciiow, P. M.; Richardson, S., y Tuna, I. [2000]: Are benchmark beaters doing anything wrong?, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssm.com).
  • Deciiow, P. M., y Skinner, D. J. [2000]: «Earnings management: reconciling the views of accounting, academics, practitioners and regulators», Accounting Horizons, Vol. 14, n.° 2, pp. 235–250.
  • Dechow, P. M.; Richardson, S., y Tuna, I. [2003]: «Why are earnings kinky?: An examination of the earnings management explanation», Review of Accounting Studies, Vol. 8, n.° 2–3, pp. 355–384.
  • Defond, M., y Jiambalvo, J. [1993]: «Factors related to auditor-client disagreements over income-increasing accounting methods», Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 9, n.° 2, pp. 415–431.
  • Defond, M., y Jiambalvo, J. [1994]: «Debt covenant violation and manipulation of accruals: accounting choice in troubled companies», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 18, n.° 2, pp. 145–176.
  • Defond, M., y Park, C. W [1997]: «Smoothing income in anticipation of future e axiúngs», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 23, n.° 2, pp. 115–139.
  • Defond, M. L., y. Subramanyam, K. R. [1998]: «Auditor changes and discretionary accruals», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 25, n.° 1, pp. 35–68.
  • Defond, M. L.; Raghumandan, K., y Subramanyan, K. R. [2002]: «Do non-audit service fees impair auditor independence? Evidence from going concern audit opinions», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 4, n.° 4, pp. 1247–1274.
  • Degeorge, F.; Patel, J., y Zeckhauser, R. [1999]: «Earnings management to exceed thresholds», Journal of Business, Vol. 72, n.° 1, pp. 1–33.
  • Delgado, M. M. [2001]: Factores determinantes de la discrecionalidad directiva en materia contable: Una aplicación empírica a las empresas cotizadas españolas, Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Burgos, diciembre.
  • Diialiwal, D. S. [1980]: «The effect of the firms' capital structure on the choice of accounting method», The Accounting Review, Vol. 55, n.° 1, pp. 78–84.
  • Diialiwal, D. S. [1982]: «Some economic determinants of management lobbying for alternative methods of accounting: evidence from the accounting for interest costs issue», Journal of Business, Finance and Accounting, Vol. 9, n.° 2, pp. 255–265.
  • Dopuch, N., y Drake, D. F. [1966]: «The effect of alternative accounting rules for non-subsidiary investment», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 4, n.° 3, pp. 192–219.
  • Duke, J. C., y Hunt iii, H. G. [1990]: «An empirical examination of debt covenant restrictions and accounting-related debt proxies», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 12, n.° 1–3, pp. 45–63.
  • Durtschi, C., y Easton, P. D [2005]: Earnings Management? Alternative Explanations for Observed Discontinuities in the Frequency Distribution of Earnings, Earnings Changes, and Analyst Forecast Errors, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Dye, R. A. [1988]: «Earnings management in an overlapping generations model», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 26, n.° 2, pp. 195–235.
  • Elliott, J.A., y Shaw, W. [1988]: «Write-offs as accounting procedures to manage perceptions», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 26, n.° 3 (supplement), pp. 91–119.
  • Elliott, J. A., y Hanna, J. D. [1996]: «Repeated accounting write-offs and the information content of earnings», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 34, n.° 3 (supplement), pp. 135–155.
  • Erickson, M., y Wang, S. [1999]: «Earnings management by acquiring firms in stock for stock mergers», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 27, n.° 2, pp. 149–176.
  • FASB [1978]: Statement of financial accounting concepts n.° 1.
  • Fields, T.; Lys, T., y Vicent, L. [2001]: «Empirical research on accounting choice», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 31, pp. 255–307.
  • Francis, J. R.; Maydew, E. L., y Sparks, H. C. [1999]: «The role of big 6 Auditors in the credible reporting of accruals», Auditing, Vol. 18, n.° 2, pp. 17–34.
  • Francis, J. R.; Lafond, R.; Olsson, P., y Schipper, K. [2003]: Earnings quality and the pricing effects of earnings patterns, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Frankel, R.; Johnson, M. F., y Nelson, K. K. [2002]: «The relation between auditors' fees for nonaudit services and earnings management», The Accounting Review, Vol. 77, n.° 4 (supplement), pp. 71–105.
  • Friedlan, J. M. [1994]: «Accounting choices of issuers of Initial Public Offerings», Contemporary Accounting Review, Vol. 11, n.° 1, pp. 1–31.
  • Gabás, F., y Pina, V. [1991]: «El alisamiento de beneficios en el sector eléctrico: un estudio empírico», Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, Vol. 20, n.° 66, pp. 265–283.
  • Gallén, M. L., y Giner, B. [2005]: «La alteración del resultado para evitar pérdidas y descensos: Evidencia empírica», Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, en prensa.
  • García, B., y Gill DE Albornoz, B. [2004]: «Las prácticas de buen gobierno en las empresas españolas cotizadas: Efectos sobre la calidad de los estados financieros». Revista de Contabilidad y Tributación,
  • García, J. M.; García, B., y Mora, A. [2005]: «The effect of earnings management on the asymmetric timeliness of earnings», Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Vol. 32, n.° 3, pp. 691–726.
  • García, B., y Young, S. [2003]: Management of R&D budgets to meet earnings targets, Comunicación al XXVI Congreso de la European Accounting Association.
  • Garza-Gómez, X.; Okumara, M., y Kunimura, M. [2000]: Discretionary Accrual Models and the Accounting Process, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Gaver, J. J.; Gaver, K., y Austin, J. [1995]: «Additional evidence on bonus plans and income management», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 19, n.° 1, pp. 3–28.
  • Gaver, J. J., y Paterson, J. S. [2000]: «Earnings management under changing regulatory regimes: State accreditation in the insurance industry», Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Vol. 19, n.° 4–5, pp. 399–420.
  • Gill DE Albornoz, B. [2002]: El alisamiento de beneficios como estrategia de earnings management: Análisis empírico en el contexto español, Tesis Doctoral Universidad Jaume I, octubre 2002.
  • Gill DE Albornoz, B., y Illueca, M. [2003]: «Regulación de precios y prácticas de earnings management: Evidencia empírica en el sector eléctrico español», Revista de Contabilidad y Tributación, Vol. 247, pp. 443–463.
  • Gore, P.; Pope, P., y Singh, A. [2001]: Non-audit services, auditor independence and earnings management, Working Paper, Lancaster University, LUMSWP2001/014.
  • Gore, P.; Pope, P., y Singh, A. [2002]: Earnings management and the distribution of earnings relative to targets, Working Paper, Lancaster University, LUMSWP2002/018.
  • Grinaker, R., y Perry, S. [1994]: «Earnings expectations and discretionary research and development investment», Accounting Horizons, Vol. 8, n.° 4, pp. 43–51.
  • Guenther, D. A. [1994]: «Earnings Management in response to corporate tax rate changes: evidence from the 1986 tax reform act», The Accounting Review, Vol. 69, n.° 1, pp. 230–243.
  • Guidry, F.; Leone, A., y Rock, S. [1999]: «Earnings-based bonus plans and earnings management by business-unit managers», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 26, n.° 1–3, pp. 113–142.
  • Hall, S. C. [1993]: «Political scrutiny and earnings management in the oil refining industry», Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Vol. 12, n.° 4, pp. 325–351.
  • Hall, S. C., y Stammerjohan, W. W. [1997]: «Damage awards and earnings management in the oil industry», The Accounting Review, Vol. 72, n.° 1, pp. 47–65.
  • Han, J. C., y Wang, S. [1998]: «Political costs and earnings management of oil companies during the 1990 Persian gulf crisis», The Accounting Review, Vol. 73, n.° 1, pp. 103–117.
  • Hayn, C. [1995]: «The information content of losses», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 20, n.° 2, pp. 125–153.
  • Healy, J. [1985]: «The effect of bonus schemes on accounting decisions», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 7, n.° 1–3, pp. 85–107.
  • Healy, P. M., y Palepu, K. G. [1990]: «Effectiveness of accounting-based dividend covenants», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 12, n.° 1–3, pp. 97–123.
  • Healy, P. M. [1996]: «Discussion of a market-based evaluation of discretionary accrual models», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 34, n.° 3, pp. 107–115.
  • Healy, P. M., y Wahlen, M. W [1999]: «A review of the earnings management literature and its implications for standard setting», Accounting Horizons, Vol. 13, n.° 4, pp. 365–383.
  • Hepworth, S. R. [1953]: «Smoothing periodic income», The Accounting Review, Vol. 28, n.° 1, pp. 32–39.
  • Herrmann, D.; Inoue, T., y Thomas, W. B. [2003]: «The sale of assets to manage earnings in Japan», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 41, n.° 1, pp. 89–108.
  • Holthausen, R.; Lacker, D., y Sloan, R. [1995]: «Annual bonus schemes and the manipulation of earnings», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 19, n.° 1, pp. 29–74.
  • Iñiguez, R., y Poveda, F.: «Long-run Abnormal Returns and Income Smoothing in the Spanish Stock Market», European Accounting Review, Vol. 13, n.° 1, pp. 26–105.
  • Jeter, D. C., y Shivakumar, L. [1999]: «Cross-sectional estimation of abnormal accruals using quarterly and annual data: Effectiveness in detecting event-specific earnings management», Accounting and Business Research, Vol. 29, n.° 4, pp. 299–319.
  • Jiambalvo, J. [1996]: «Discussion of Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: An analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC», Contemporary Accounting Review, Vol. 13, n.° 1, pp. 37–47.
  • Jones, J. [1991]: «Earnings management during import relief investigations», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 29, n.° 2, pp. 193–228.
  • Jonhson, W. B., y Ramanan, R. [1988]: «Discretionary accounting changes from “successful efforts” to “full cost” methods: 1970–76», The Accounting Review, Vol. 63, n.° 1, pp. 96–110.
  • Kahneman, D., y Tversky, A. [1979]: «Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk», Econometrica, Vol. 47, n.° 2, pp. 263–292.
  • Kang, S., y Shivaramakrishnan, K. [1995]: «Issues in testing earnings management and an instrumental variable approach», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 33, n.° 2, pp. 353–367.
  • Kasanen, E.; Kinnunen, J., y Niskanen, J. [1996]: «Divided-based earnings management: empirical evidence from Finland», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 22, n.° 1–3, pp. 283–312.
  • Kasznik, R. [1999]: «On the association between voluntary disclosure and earnings management», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 37, n.° 1, pp. 57–81.
  • Kasznik, R., y Mcnichols, M. [2002]: «Does meeting expectations matters? Evidence from analyst’ forecast revisions and share prices», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 40, n.° 3, pp. 727–759.
  • Key, K. G. [1997]: «Political cost incentives for earnings management in the cable television industry», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 23, n.° 3, pp. 309–337.
  • Kim, I. [2002]: An analysis of the market rêward and torpedo effect of firms that consistently meet expectations, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Kinney, M., y Trezevant, R. [1997]: «The use of special items to manage earnings», Journal of Financial Statement Analysis, Vol. 3, n.° 1, pp. 45–53.
  • Kinney, W. R.; Burgstahler, D., y Martin, R. [2002]: «Earnings surprise “materiality” as measured by stock returns», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 40, n.° 5, pp. 1297–1329.
  • Kinney, W. R.; Palmrose, Z., y Scholz, S. [2004]: «Auditor independence, non-audit services and restatements: Was the US government right?», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 42, n.° 3, pp. 561–588.
  • Klein, A. [2002]: «Audit committee, board of director characteristics, and earnings management», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 33, n.° 3, pp. 375–400.
  • Koh, P. S. [2003]: «On the association between institutional ownership and aggressive corporate earnings management in Australia», British Accounting Review, Vol. 35, n.° 2, pp. 105–128.
  • Kothari, S. P.; Leone, A. J., y Wasley, C. E. [2005]: «Performance matched discretionary accrual measures», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 39, n.° 1, pp. 163–197.
  • Krishnan, G. V. [2003]: «Does big 6 auditor industry expertise constrain Earnings Management?», Accounting Horizons, Vol. 17(supplement), pp. 1–16.
  • Labelle, R. [1990]: «Bond covenants and changes in accounting policy: Canadian evidence», Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 6, n.° 2, pp. 677–698.
  • Lambert, R. A. [1984]: «Income smoothing as rational eauilibrium behaviour». The Accountina Review,
  • Larcker, D. F., y Richardson, S. A. [2004]: «Fees paid to audit firms, accrual choices and corporate governance», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 42, n.° 3, pp. 625–658.
  • Leuz, C.; Nanda, D., y Wysocki, P. [2003]: «Earnings management and investors protection: An international comparison», Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 69, n.° 3, pp. 505–527.
  • Lilien, S., y Pastena, V. [1982]: «Determinants of intramethod choice in the oil and gas industry», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 4, n.° 3, pp. 145–70.
  • Liu, C., y Ryan, S. G. [1995]: «The effect of bank loan portfolio composition on the market reaction to and anticipation of loan loss provisions», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 33, n.° 1, pp. 77–94.
  • Liu, C.; Ryan, S. G., y Wahlen, J. M. [1997]: «Differential valuation implications of loan loss provisions across banks and fiscal quarters», The Accounting Review, Vol. 72, n.° 1, pp. 133–146.
  • Lopez, T., y Rees, L. [2001]: «The effect of beating and missing analysts' forecasts on the information content of unexpected earning», Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, Vol. 2, n.° 2, pp. 155–184.
  • Makar, S. D., y Alam, P. [1998]: «Earnings Management and antitrust investigations: political costs over business cycles», Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Vol. 25, n.° 5–6, pp. 701–720.
  • Matsumoto, D. A. [2002]: «Management's incentives to avoid negative earnings surprises», The Accounting Review, Vol. 77, n.° 3, pp. 483–515.
  • Mcnichols, M. F., y Wilson, G. P. [1988]: «Evidence of earnings management from the provision for bad debts», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 26, n.° 3 (supplement), pp. 1–31.
  • Mcnichols, M. F. [2000]: «Research design issues in earnings management studies», Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Vol. 19, n.° 4–5, pp. 313–345.
  • Mcculloch, B. W. [1998]: Multi-period incentives and alternative dials for earnings management, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Moehrle, S. R. [2002]: «Do firms use restructuring charge reversals to meet earnings targets?», The Accounting Review, Vol. 77, n.° 2, pp. 397–413.
  • Monterrey, J. [1998]: «Un Recorrido por la Contabilidad Positiva», Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, Vol. 27, n.° 95, pp. 427–467.
  • Moore, M. [1973]: «Management changes and discretionary accounting decisions», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 11, n.° 1, pp. 100–107.
  • Moses, O. D. [1987]: «Income smoothing and incentives: Empirical tests using accounting changes», The Accounting Review, Vol. 62, n.° 2, pp. 358–377.
  • Moyer, S. [1990]: «Capital adequacy ratio regulations and accounting choices in commercial banks», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 13, n.° 2, pp. 123–154.
  • Mulford, C. W., y Comiskey, E. E. [2002]: «The financial numbers game: Detecting creative accounting practices», Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Murphy, K. J., y Zimmerman, J. L. [1993]: «Financial performance surrounding CEO turnover», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 16, n.° 1–3, pp. 273–315.
  • Myers, L. A., y Skinner, D. J. [2002]: Earnings momentum and earnings management, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Nasher, K. H. M. [1993]: Creative Financial Accounting: Its Nature and Use, Prentice Hall, Londres.
  • Navarro, J. C., y Martinez, I. [2001]: Aproximación empírica a la calidad del auditor como factor limitador de la manipulación contable en España, Comunicación al XI Congreso AECA.
  • Niskanen, J., y Keloharju, M. [2000]: «Earnings cosmetics in tax-driven accounting environment: Evidence from Finish public firms», The European Accounting Review, Vol. 9, n.° 3, pp. 443–452.
  • Payne, J. L., y Robb, S. W. [2000]: «Earnings management: the effect of ex ante earnings expectations», Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, Vol. 15, n.° 4, pp. 371–391.
  • Peasnell, K. V.; Pope, P. F., y Young, S. [2000a]: «Detecting earnings management using cross-sectional abnormal accruals models», Accounting and Business Research, Vol. 30, n.° 4, pp. 313–326.
  • Peasnell, K. V.; Pope, P. F., y Young, S. [2000b]: «Accrual management to meet earnings targets: UK evidence Pre- and Post- Cadbury», British Accounting Review, Vol. 32, n.° 4, pp. 415–445.
  • Peasnell, K. V.; Pope, P. F., y Young, S. [2001]: Board monitoring and earnings management: Do outside directors influence abnormal accruals?, Working Paper, Lancaster University, LUMSWP2001/016.
  • Peltzman, S. [1976]: «Toward a more general theory of regulation», Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 19, n.° 2, pp. 211–240.
  • Perry, S. E., y Williams, T. H. [1994]: «Earnings management preceding management buyout offers», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 18, n.° 2, pp. 157–179.
  • Petroni, K. [1992]: «Optimistic reporting in the property-casualty insurance industry», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 15, n.° 4, pp. 485–508.
  • Petroni, K.; Ryan, S., y Wahlen, J. [2000]: «Discretionary and non-discretionary revisions of loss reserves by property-casualty insurers: Differential implications for future profitability, risk, and market value», Review of Accounting Studies, Vol. 5, n.° 2, pp. 95–125.
  • Plummer, E., y Mest, D. P. [2001]: «Evidence of the management of earnings components», Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, Vol. 16, n.° 4, pp. 301–323.
  • Press, E. G., y Weintrop, J. B. [1990]: «Accounting-based constraints in public and private debt agreements: their association with leverage and impact on accounting choice», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 12, n.° 1–3, pp. 65–96.
  • Pourciau, S. [1993]: «Earnings management and non-routine executive changes», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 16, n.° 1–3, pp. 317–336.
  • Poveda, F. [2001]: Cuestiones estadísticas sobre modelos y contrastes de ajustes por devengo anormales, Working Paper, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (IVIE), Serie EC. 2001–16.
  • Rangan, S. [1998]: «Earnings management and the performance of seasoned equity offerings», Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 50, n.° 1, pp. 101–122.
  • Rees, L.; Gill, S., y Gore, R. [1996]: «An investigation of asset write-downs and concurrent abnormal accruals», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 34, n.° 3 (supplement), pp. 157–170.
  • Reitenga, A. L., y Tearney, M. G. [2003]: «Mandatory CEO retirements, discretionary accruals, and corporate governance mechanisms», Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, Vol. 18, n.° 2, pp. 255–280.
  • Richardson, S.; Teoh, S. H., y Wysocki, P. [2004]: «The Walk-Down to beatable analysts forecasts: The role of equity issuance and insider trading incentives», Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 21, n.°4, pp. 885–924.
  • Richardson, S.; Tuna, I., y Wu, M. [2003]: Predicting earnings management: the case of earnings restatements, Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (http://www.ssrn.com).
  • Ronen, J., y Sadan, S. [1975]: «Classificatory smoothing: Alternative income models», Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 13, n.° 1, pp. 133–149.
  • Rosch, E. [1975]: «Cognitive reference points», Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 7, pp. 532–547.
  • Saurina, J. [1999]: «¿Existe Alisamiento de Beneficios en las Cajas de Ahorro Españolas?», Moneda y Crédito, n.° 209, pp. 161–193.
  • Schipper, K. [1989]: «Commentary on Earnings Management», Accounting Horizons, Vol. 3, n.° 4, pp. 91–102.
  • Scott, T. W. [1991]: «Pension disclosures under SFAS n.° 87: Theory and evidence», Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 8, n.° 1, pp. 62–81.
  • Shivakumar, L. L. [1996]: Estimating abnormal accruals for detection of earnings management, Working
  • Shivakumar, L. L. [2000]: «Do firms mislead investors by overstating earnings around seasoned equity offerings?», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 29, n.° 3, pp. 339–371.
  • Skinner, D. J., y Sloan, R. G. [2002]: «Earnings surprises, growth expectations and stock returns: Don't let an earnings torpedo to sink your portfolio», Review of Accounting Studies, Vol. 7, n.° 2–3, pp. 289–312.
  • Stein, J. C. [1989]: «Efficient capital markets, inefficient firms: a model of myopic corporate behaviour», Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 104, n.° 4, pp. 655–669.
  • Stigler, G. J. [1971]: «The theory of economic regulation», Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, Vol. 2, n.° 1, pp. 3–21.
  • Strong, J., y Meyer, J. [1987]: «Asset writedowns: Managerial incentives and security returns», Journal of Finance, Vol. 42, n.° 3, pp. 643–663.
  • Subramanyam, K. R. [1996]: «The pricing of discretionary accruals», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 22, n.° 1–3, pp. 249–281.
  • Suh, Y. S. [1990]: «Communication and income smoothing through accounting method choice», Management Science, Vol. 36, n.° 6, pp. 704–723.
  • Sweeny, P. [1994]: «Debt-covenants violations and managers' accounting responses», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 17, n.° 3, pp. 281–308.
  • Teoh, S. H.; Welch, I., y Wong, T. J. [1998a]: «Earnings management and the underperformance of seasoned equity offerings», Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 50, n.° 1, pp. 63–99.
  • Teoh, S. H.; Welch, I., y Wong, T. J. [1998b]: «Earnings management and the long term market performance of initial public offerings», Journal of Finance, Vol. 53, n.° 6, pp. 1935–1974.
  • Teoh, S. H.; Wong, T. J., y Rao, G. R. [1998c]: «Are accruals during initial public offerings opportunistic?», Review of Accounting Studies, Vol. 3, n.° 1–2, pp. 175–208.
  • Thomas, J. K. [1989]: «Unusual patterns in reported earnings», The Accounting Review, Vol. 64, n.° 4, pp. 773–787.
  • Wang, Z., y Williams, T. H. [1994]: «Accounting income smoothing and stockholder wealth», Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol. 10, n.° 3, pp. 96–104.
  • Watts, R. L., y Zimmerman, J. L. [1978]: «Towards a positive theory of the determination of accounting standards», The Accounting Review, Vol. 53, n.° 1, pp. 112–134.
  • Watts, R. L., y Zimmerman, J. L. [1979]: «The demand for a supply of accounting theories: The market for excuses», The Accounting Review, Vol. 54, n.° 2, pp. 273–305.
  • Watts, R. L., y Zimmerman, J. L. [1986]: Positive accounting theory, Ed. Prentice Hall, New York.
  • Watts, R. L., y Zimmerman, J. L. [1990]: «Positive accounting theory: A ten year perspective», The Accounting Review, Vol. 65, n.° 1, pp. 131–156.
  • Weil, GOTSHAL y MANGES [2002]: Comparative study of Corporate Governance codes relevant to the European Union and its member states, European Commission, Internal Market Directorate General (http://www:cnmv.es).
  • Xie, B.; Davidson III, W. N., y Dadalt, P. J. [2003]: «Earnings management and corporate governance: the roles of the board and the audit committee», Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol. 9, n.° 3, pp. 295–316.
  • Young, S [1998]: «The Determinants of managerial accounting policy choice: Further evidence for the UK», Journal of Accounting and Business Research, Vol. 25, n.° 2, pp. 131–143.
  • Young, S [1999]: «Systematic measurement error in the estimation of discretionary accruals: An evaluation of alternative modelling procedures», Journal of Business, Finance and Accounting, Vol. 26, n.° 7–8, pp. 833–863.
  • Zimmer, I. [1986]: «Accounting for interest by real estate developers», Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 8, n.° 1, pp. 37–51.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.