To belong or not to belong: some self-conceptual and behavioural consequences of identity uncertainty / Pertenecer o no pertenecer: algunas consecuencias de la incertidumbre identitaria en el autoconcepto y en el comportamiento

References / Referencias

• Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (1988). Comments on the motivational status of self-esteem in social identity and intergroup discrimination. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 317–334. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0992
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (1990). Social identification, self-categorization and social influence. European Review of Social Psychology, 1, 195–228. doi:10.1080/14792779108401862
   Google Scholar
• Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2004). Metatheory: Lessons from social identity research. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 98–106. doi:10.1207/pspr.2004.8.issue-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2010). Social identity and self-categorization. In J. F. Dovidio, M. Hewstone, P. Glick, & V. M. Esses (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination (pp. 179–193). London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Baron, R. S., Crawley, K., & Paulina, D. (2003). Aberrations of power: Leadership in totalist groups. In D. Van Knippenberg & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Leadership and power: Identity processes in groups and organizations (pp. 169–183). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Dewey, J. (1929/2005). The quest for certainty: A study of the relation of knowledge and action. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Dovidio, J., Glick., P., Hewstone, M., & Esses, V. (Eds.). (2010). Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Ellemers, N. (1993). The influence of socio-structural variables on identity management strategies. European Review of Social Psychology, 4, 27–57. doi:10.1080/14792779343000013
   Google Scholar
• Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117–140. doi:10.1177/001872675400700202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fromm, E. (1947). Man for himself: An inquiry into the psychology of ethics. New York, NY: Rinehart.
   Google Scholar
• Gaffney, A. M., Rast III, D. E., Hackett, J. D., & Hogg, M. A. (2014). Further to the right: Uncertainty, political polarization and the American “tea party” movement. Social Influence, 9, 272–288. doi:10.1080/15534510.2013.842495
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman, L., Giles, H., & Hogg, M. A. (2014). Going to extremes: Social identity and communication processes associated with gang membership. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 17, 813–832. doi:10.1177/1368430214524289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez, Á., Brooks, M. L., Buhrmester, M. D., Vázquez, A., Jetten, J., & Swann Jr., W. B. (2011). On the nature of identity fusion: Insights into the construct and a new measure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 918–933. doi:10.1037/a0022642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez, Á., Morales, J. F., Hart, S., Vázquez, A., & Swann Jr., W. B. (2011). Rejected and excluded forevermore, but even more devoted: Irrevocable ostracism intensifies loyalty to the group among identity-fused persons. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1574–1586. doi:10.1177/0146167211424580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, F., & Hogg, M. A. (2012). Self-uncertainty, social identity prominence and group identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 538–542. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.11.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., & Pyszczynski, T. (1997). Terror management theory of self-esteem and cultural worldviews: Empirical assessments and conceptual refinements. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 29, pp. 61–139). New York, NY: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grieve, P., & Hogg, M. A. (1999). Subjective uncertainty and intergroup discrimination in the minimal group situation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 926–940. doi:10.1177/01461672992511002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackett, J. D., & Hogg, M. A. (2014). The diversity paradox: When people who value diversity surround themselves with like-minded others. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44, 415–422. doi:10.1111/jasp.2014.44.issue-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haller, J., & Hogg, M. A. (2014). All power to our great leader: Political leadership under uncertainty. In J. W. Van Prooijen & P. A. M. Van Lange (Eds.), Power, politics, and paranoia: Why people are suspicious of their leaders (pp. 130–149). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, S. J. (1996). Perceiving persons and groups. Psychological Review, 103, 336–355. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.2.336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haslam, S. A., Turner, J. C., Oakes, P. J., McGarty, C., & Hayes, B. K. (1992). Context-dependent variation in social stereotyping 1: The effects of intergroup relations as mediated by social change and frame of reference. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 3–20. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0992
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A. (2000). Subjective uncertainty reduction through self-categorization: A motivational theory of social identity processes. European Review of Social Psychology, 11, 223–255. doi:10.1080/14792772043000040
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A. (2005a). All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others: Social identity and marginal membership. In K. D. Williams, J. P. Forgas, & W. Von Hippel (Eds.), The social outcast: Ostracism, social exclusion, rejection, and bullying (pp. 243–261). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A. (2005b). Social identity and misuse of power: The dark side of leadership. Brooklyn Law Review, 70, 1239–1257.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A. (2006). Social identity theory. In P. J. Burke (Ed.), Contemporary social psychological theories (pp. 111–136). Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A. (2007a). Uncertainty-identity theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 39, pp. 69–126). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A. (2007b). Organizational orthodoxy and corporate autocrats: Some nasty consequences of organizational identification in uncertain times. In C. A. Bartel, S. Blader, & A. Wrzesniewski (Eds.), Identity and the modern organization (pp. 35–59). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A. (2012). Uncertainty-identity theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 62–80). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A. (2014). From uncertainty to extremism: Social categorization and identity processes. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23, 338–342. doi:10.1177/0963721414540168
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A. (2015). Social instability and identity-uncertainty: Fertile ground for political extremism. In J. Forgas, W. Crano, & K. Fiedler (Eds.), Social psychology and politics(pp. 307–320). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1988). Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., & Adelman, J. (2013). Uncertainty-identity theory: Extreme groups, radical behavior, and authoritarian leadership. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 436–454. doi:10.1111/josi.2013.69.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., Adelman, J. R., & Blagg, R. D. (2010). Religion in the face of uncertainty: An uncertainty-identity theory account of religiousness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14, 72–83. doi:10.1177/1088868309349692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., & Blaylock, D. L. (Eds.). (2012). Extremism and the psychology of uncertainty. Boston, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., & Gaffney, A. (2014). Prototype-based social comparisons within groups: Constructing social identity to reduce self-uncertainty. In Z. Križan & F. X. Gibbons (Eds.), Communal functions of social comparison (pp. 145–174). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., Hohman, Z. P., & Rivera, J. E. (2008). Why do people join groups? Three motivational accounts from social psychology. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 1269–1280. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00099.x
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., Kruglanski, A., & Van den Bos, K. (2013). Uncertainty and the roots of extremism. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 407–418. doi:10.1111/josi.2013.69.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., Meehan, C., & Farquharson, J. (2010). The solace of radicalism: Self-uncertainty and group identification in the face of threat. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 1061–1066. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.05.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., Sherman, D. K., Dierselhuis, J., Maitner, A. T., & Moffitt, G. (2007). Uncertainty, entitativity, and group identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 135–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., Siegel, J. T., & Hohman, Z. P. (2011). Groups can jeopardize your health: Identifying with un-healthy groups to reduce self-uncertainty. Self and Identity, 10, 326–335. doi:10.1080/15298868.2011.558762
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., & Van Knippenberg, D. (2003). Social identity and leadership processes in groups. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 1–52). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., Van Knippenberg, D., & Rast III, D. E. (2012). The social identity theory of leadership: Theoretical origins, research findings, and conceptual developments. European Review of Social Psychology, 23, 258–304. doi:10.1080/10463283.2012.741134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., & Wagoner, J. A. (in press). Normative exclusion and attraction to extreme groups: Resolving identity-uncertainty. In K. D. Williams & S. A. Nida (Eds.), Ostracism, social exclusion and rejection. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hohman, Z. P., & Hogg, M. A. (2011). Fear and uncertainty in the face of death: The role of life after death in group identification. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 751–760. doi:10.1002/ejsp.v41.6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohman, Z. P., & Hogg, M. A. (2015). Fearing the uncertain: Self-uncertainty plays a role in mortality salience. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 57, 31–42. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.11.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonas, E., McGregor, I., Klackl, J., Agroskin, D., Fritsche, I., Holdbrook, C. … Quirin, M. (2014). Threat and defense: From anxiety to approach. In J. M. Olson & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 49, pp. 219–286). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (Eds.). (1982). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kruglanski, A. W., Pierro, A., Mannetti, L., & De Grada, E. (2006). Groups as epistemic providers: Need for closure and the unfolding of group-centrism. Psychological Review, 113, 84–100. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.113.1.84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. M. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: ‘Seizing’ and ‘freezing’. Psychological Review, 103, 263–283. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.2.263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach, C. W., Van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L., Pennekamp, S. F., Doosje, B. … Spears, R. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 144–165. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 1–62). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Levine, J. M., & Moreland, R. L. (1994). Group socialization: Theory and research. European Review of Social Psychology, 5, 305–336. doi:10.1080/14792779543000093
   Google Scholar
• Marques, J. M., Abrams, D., Páez, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2001). Social categorization, social identification, and rejection of deviant group members. In M. A. Hogg & R. S. Tindale (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes (pp. 400–424). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Marques, J. M., Abrams, D., & Serodio, R. (2001). Being better by being right: Subjective group dynamics and derogation of in-group deviants when generic norms are undermined. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 436–447. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.3.436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGregor, I., Haji, R., & Kang, S.-J. (2008). Can ingroup affirmation relieve outgroup derogation? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1395–1401. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGregor, I., Nash, K., & Prentice, M. (2010). Reactive approach motivation (RAM) for religion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 148–161. doi:10.1037/a0019702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullin, B.-A., & Hogg, M. A. (1998). Dimensions of subjective uncertainty in social identification and minimal intergroup discrimination. British Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 345–365. doi:10.1111/bjso.1998.37.issue-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto, I. R., Marques, J. M., Levine, J. M., & Abrams, D. (2010). Membership status and subjective group dynamics: Who triggers the black sheep effect? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 107–119. doi:10.1037/a0018187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Postmes, T., Haslam, S. A., & Jans, L. (2013). A single-item measure of social identification: Reliability, validity, and utility. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52, 597–617. doi:10.1111/bjso.2013.52.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rast III, D. E., Gaffney, A. M., Hogg, M. A., & Crisp, R. J. (2012). Leadership under uncertainty: When leaders who are non-prototypical group members can gain support. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 646–653. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.12.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rast III, D. E., Hogg, M. A., & Giessner, S. R. (2013). Self-uncertainty and support for autocratic leadership. Self and Identity, 12, 635–649. doi:10.1080/15298868.2012.718864
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, S. A., & Hogg, M. A. (2005). Uncertainty reduction, self-enhancement, and ingroup identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 804–817. doi:10.1177/0146167204271708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, M., & Hewstone, M. (1998). Social identity theory’s self-esteem hypothesis: A review and some suggestions for clarification. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 40–62. doi:10.1207/pspr.1998.2.issue-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sani, F. (2005). When subgroups secede: Extending and refining the social psychological model of schism in groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1074–1086. doi:10.1177/0146167204274092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, D. K., Hogg, M. A., & Maitner, A. T. (2009). Perceived polarization: Reconciling ingroup and intergroup perceptions under uncertainty. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 12, 95–109. doi:10.1177/1368430208098779
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staub, E. (1989). The roots of evil: The psychological and cultural origins of genocide and other forms of group violence. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Swann Jr., W. B., Jetten, J., Gómez, Á., Whitehouse, H., & Bastian, B. (2012). When group membership gets personal: A theory of identity fusion. Psychological Review, 119, 441–456. doi:10.1037/a0028589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Van den Bos, K. (2009). Making sense of life: The existential self trying to deal with personal uncertainty. Psychological Inquiry, 20, 197–217. doi:10.1080/10478400903333411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar