References / Referencias
- Atran, S. (2016). The devoted actor. Unconditional commitment and intractable conflict across cultures. Current Anthropology, 57(13), 192–203. https://doi.org/10.1086/685495
- Baumeister, R. B. (2022). The self explained. Why and how we become who we are. Guilford Press.
- Bélanger, J. J., Moyano, M., Muhammad, H., Richardson, L., Lafrenière, M. A. K., McCaffery, P., Framand, K., & Nociti, N. (2019). Radicalization leading to violence: A test of the 3N model. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 42. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00042
- Bloom, M., & Lokmanoglu, A. (2020). From pawn to knights: The changing role of women’s agency in terrorism? Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1759263
- Bodziany, M., & Netczuk-Gwoździewicz, M. (2021). Feminization of terror: Psychological analysis of the role of women in terrorist structures. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 44(3), 266–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2018.1531542
- Chung, I. J., Hill, K. G., Hawkins, J. D., Gilchrist, L. D., & Nagin, D. S. (2002). Childhood predictors of offense trajectories. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 39(1), 60–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/002242780203900103
- Cook, J., & Vale, G. A. (2018). From Daesh to ‘Diaspora’: Tracing the women and minors of Islamic State. International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation. https://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/ICSR-Report-From-Daesh-to-‘Diaspora’-Tracing-the-Women-and-Minors-of-Islamic-State.pdf
- Corner, E., Taylor, H., & Clemmow, C. (2021). Assessing the behavioural trajectories of terrorists: The role of psychological resilience. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2021.1955289
- Crocker, J., & Luhtanen, R. (1990). Collective self-esteem and ingroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(1), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.1.60
- Davis, J. (2017). Women in modern terrorism: From liberation wars to global jihad and the Islamic State. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Ellefsen, R., & Sandberg, S. (2022). Everyday prevention of radicalization: The impacts of family, peer, and police intervention. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2022.2037185
- Epstude, K., & Peetz, J. (2012). Mental time travel: A conceptual overview of social psychological perspectives on a fundamental human capacity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(3), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1867
- Feddes, A. R., Mann, L., & Doosje, B. (2015). Increasing self‐esteem and empathy to prevent violent radicalization: A longitudinal quantitative evaluation of a resilience training focused on adolescents with a dual identity. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 45(7), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12307
- Gómez, A., Atran, S., Chinchilla, J., Vázquez, A., López-Rodríguez, L., Paredes, B., Martínez, M., Blanco, L., Alba, B., Bautista, H., Fernández, S., Pozuelo-Rubio, F., González-Álvarez, J. L., Chiclana, S., Valladares-Narganes, H., Alonso, M., Ruiz-Alvarado, A., López-Novo, J. L., & Davis, R. (2022). Willingness to sacrifice among convicted Islamist terrorists versus violent gang members and other criminals. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06590-0
- Gómez, Á., Bélanger, J. J., Chinchilla, J., Vázquez, A., Schumpe, B. M., Nisa, C. F., & Chiclana, S. (2021). Admiration for Islamist groups encourages self-sacrifice through identity fusion. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00734-9
- Gómez, A., Chinchilla, J., Vázquez, A., López-Rodríguez, L., Paredes, B., & Martínez, M. (2020). Recent advances, misconceptions, untested assumptions, and future research agenda for identity fusion theory. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 14(6), e12531. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12531
- Gómez, Á., López-Rodríguez, L., Sheikh, H., Ginges, J., Wilson, L., Waziri, H., Vázquez, A., Davis, R., & Atran, S. (2017). The devoted actor’s will to fight and the spiritual dimension of human conflict. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(9), 673–679. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0193-3
- Gómez, Á., Morales, J. F., Hart, S., Vázquez, A., & Swann, W. B.,sJr. (2011). Rejected and excluded forevermore, but even more devoted: Irrevocable ostracism intensifies loyalty to the group among identity-fused persons. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(12), 1574–1586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211424580
- Gómez, Á., Vázquez, A., López-Rodríguez, L., Talaifar, S., Martínez, M., Buhrmester, M. D., & Swann, W. B.,sJr. (2019). Why people abandon groups: Degrading relational vs collective ties uniquely impacts identity fusion and identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 85, 103853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103853
- Grossman, M. (2021). Resilience to violent extremism and terrorism. In M. Ungar (Ed.), Multisystemic resilience: Adaptation and transformation in contexts of change (pp. 293–317). Oxford University Press.
- Hathaway, S. R., & McKinley, J. C. (1951). Manual for the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (Rev ed.). Psychological Corporation.
- Hogg, M. A. (2014). From uncertainty to extremism: Social categorization and identity processes. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(5), 338–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414540168
- Hogg, M. A. (2015). To belong or not to belong: Some self-conceptual and behavioural consequences of identity uncertainty/Pertenecer o no pertenecer: Algunas consecuencias de la incertidumbre identitaria en el autoconcepto y en el comportamiento. International Journal of Social Psychology, 30(3), 586–613. https://doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2015.1065090
- Jasko, K., LaFree, G., & Kruglanski, A. (2017). Quest for significance and violent extremism: The case of domestic radicalization. Political Psychology, 38(5), 815–831. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12376
- Jasko, K., Szastok, M., Grzymala‐Moszczynska, J., Maj, M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2019). Rebel with a cause: Personal significance from political activism predicts willingness to self‐sacrifice. Journal of Social Issues, 75(1), 314–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12307
- Jiménez, J., Gómez, A., Buhrmester, M. D., Vázquez, A., Whitehouse, H., & Swann, W. B.,sJr. (2016). The dynamic identity fusion index: A new continuous measure of identity fusion for web-based questionnaires. Social Science Computer Review, 34(2), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314566178
- Kruglanski, A. W., Bélanger, J. J., & Gunaratna, R. (2019). The three pillars of radicalization: Needs, narratives, and networks. Oxford University Press.
- Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M. J., Bélanger, J. J., Sheveland, A., Hetiarachchi, M., & Gunaratna, R. (2014). The psychology of radicalization and deradicalization: How significance quest impacts violent extremism. Political Psychology, 35(1), 69–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12163
- Kruglanski, A. W., Molinario, E., Jasko, K., Webber, D., Leander, N. P., & Pierro, A. (2021). Significance-quest theory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(4), 1050–1071. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916211034825
- Kteily, N., & Bruneau, E. (2017). Darker demons of our nature: The need to (re)focus attention on blatant forms of dehumanization. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(6), 487–494. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417708230
- Leary, M. R. (2006). Sociometer theory and the pursuit of relational value: Getting to the root of self-esteem. European Review of Social Psychology, 16(1), 75–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463280540000007
- Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 1–62). Academic Press.
- Levy, I. (2021). Lethal beliefs: Ideology and the lethality of terrorist organizations. Terrorism and Political Violence, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2021.1977282
- Lindberg, M. (2010). Factors contributing to the strength and resilience of terrorist groups. Grupo de Estudios Estrategicos (GEES). http://gees.org/contents/uploads/docs/09052010074030_Analisis-07781i.pdf
- Lyons, A., & Heywood, W. (2016). Collective resilience as a protective factor for the mental health and well-being of HIV-positive gay men. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 3(4), 473–479. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000197
- Marrero Rocha, I., & Berdún Carrión, S. (2021). Jihadist prisoners in Spain and the application of the high security prison regime. European Journal of Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708211018946
- Martinovic, B., Jetten, J., Smeekes, A., & Verkuyten, M. (2017). Collective memory of a dissolved country: Group-based nostalgia and guilt assignment as predictors of interethnic relations between diaspora groups from former Yugoslavia. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 5(2), 588–607. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v5i2.733
- McAdams, D. P. (2001). The psychology of life stories. Review of General Psychology, 5(2), 100–122. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.2.100
- Pfundmair, M., Aßmann, E., Kiver, B., Penzkofer, M., Scheuermeyer, A., Sust, L., & Schmidt, H. (2022). Pathways toward Jihadism in Western Europe: An empirical exploration of a comprehensive model of terrorist radicalization. Terrorism and Political Violence, 34(1), 48–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2019.1663828
- Phelan, A. (2020). Special issue introduction for terrorism, gender and women: Toward an integrated research agenda. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1759252
- Robins, R. W., Hendin, H. M., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2001). Measuring global self-esteem: Construct validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(2), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201272002
- Schuurman, B. (2020). Research on terrorism, 2007–2016: A review of data, methods, and authorship. Terrorism and Political Violence, 32(5), 1011–1026. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2018.1439023
- Sikkens, E., van San, M., Sieckelinck, S., & de Winter, M. (2017). Parental influence on radicalization and de-radicalization according to the lived experiences of former extremists and their families. Journal for Deradicalization, 12, 192–226. https://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/view/115
- Somer, E., Maguen, S., Moin, V., Boehm, A., Metzler, T. J., & Litz, B. T. (2008). The effects of perceived community cohesion on stress symptoms following a terrorist attack. Journal of Psychological Trauma, 7(2), 73–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802231759
- Soules, M. J. (2022). Martyr or mystery? Female suicide bombers and information availability. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 45(1), 62–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2019.1697024
- Speckhard, A. (2018, November 20). 10 Reasons western women seek jihad and join terror groups. Homeland Security Today. https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/counterterrorism/10-reasons-western-women-seek-jihad-and-join-terror-groups/
- Swann, W. B.,sJr., Buhrmester, M. D., Gómez, A., Jetten, J., Bastian, B., Vázquez, A., Ariyanto, A., Besta, T., Christ, O., Cui, L., Finchilescu, G., González, R., Goto, N., Hornsey, M., Sharma, S., Susianto, H., & Zhang, A. (2014). What makes a group worth dying for? Identity fusion fosters perception of familial ties, promoting self-sacrifice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(6), 912. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036089
- Swann, W. B.,sJr., Jetten, J., Gómez, Á., Whitehouse, H., & Bastian, B. (2012). When group membership gets personal: A theory of identity fusion. Psychological Review, 119(3), 441–456. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028589
- Webber, D., Babush, M., Schori-Eyal, N., Vazeou-Nieuwenhuis, A., Hettiarachchi, M., Bélanger, J. J., Moyano, M., Trujillo, H. M., Gunaratna, R., Kruglanski, A. W., & Gelfand, M. J. (2018). The road to extremism: Field and experimental evidence that significance loss-induced need for closure fosters radicalization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(2), 270–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000111
- Whitehouse, H., Jong, J., Buhrmester, M. D., Gómez, Á., Bastian, B., Kavanagh, C. M., Newson, M., Matthews, M., Lanman, J. A., McKay, R., & Gavrilets, S. (2017). The evolution of extreme cooperation via shared dysphoric experiences. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44292
- Wolfowicz, M., Litmanovitz, Y., Weisburd, D., & Hasisi, B. (2021). Cognitive and behavioral radicalization: A systematic review of the putative risk and protective factors. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 17(3), e1174. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1174
- Zych, I., & Nasaescu, E. (2021). PROTOCOL: Is radicalization a family issue? A systematic review of family‐related risk and protective factors, consequences, and interventions against radicalization. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 17(3), e1190. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1190