References
- Baldry, A. C., Blaya, C., & Farrington, D. P. (Eds.). (2018). International perspectives on cyberbullying: Prevalence, risk factors, and interventions. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Baroncelli, A., & Ciucci, E. (2014). Unique effects of different components of trait emotional intelligence in traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Journal of Adolescence, 37(6), 807–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.05.009
- Bauman, S. (2010). Cyberbullying in a rural intermediate school: An exploratory study. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 30(6), 803–833. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431609350927
- Beckman, L., Hagquist, C., & Hellström, L. (2013). Discrepant gender patterns for cyberbullying and traditional bullying – An analysis of Swedish adolescent data. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 1896–1903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.03.010
- Cao, F., & Su, L. (2007). Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: Prevalence and psychological features. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33(3), 275–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00715.x
- Chan, H. C. O., & Wong, D. S. (2015). Traditional school bullying and cyberbullying in Chinese societies: Prevalence and a review of the whole-school intervention approach. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.05.010
- Chang, F. C., Chiu, C. H., Miao, N. F., Chen, P. H., Lee, C. M., & Chiang, J. T. (2015). The relationship between parental mediation and Internet addiction among adolescents, and the association with cyberbullying and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 57, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.013
- Chen, J. K. (2018). Cyber bullying among secondary school students in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Journal of Social Work, 52(1n2), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219246218000050
- Chen, J. K., & Astor, R. A. (2010). School violence in Taiwan: Examining how Western risk factors predict school violence in an Asian culture. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(8), 1388–1410. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260509354576
- Chen, J. K., & Chen, L. M. (2020). A cross-national examination of school violence and nonattendance due to school violence in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China: A Rasch model approach. Journal of School Violence, 19(2), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2019.1568882
- Chen, J. K., & Wei, H. S. (2011). Student victimization by teachers in Taiwan: Prevalence and associations. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(5), 382–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.01.009
- Chen, J. K., & Wei, H. S. (2013). School violence, social support and psychological health among Taiwanese junior high school students. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(4), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.01.001
- Chen, J. K., Wu, C., Chang, C. W., & Wei, H. S. (2020). Indirect effect of parental depression on school victimization through adolescent depression. Journal of Affective Disorder, 263, 396–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.126
- Chen, J. K., Wu, C., & Wei, H. S. (2020). Personal, family, school, and community factors associated with student victimization by teachers in Taiwanese junior high schools: A multi-informant and multilevel analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 99, 104246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104246
- Connell, N. M., Schell-Busey, N. M., Pearce, A. N., & Negro, P. (2014). Badgrlz? Exploring sex differences in cyberbullying behaviors. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 12(3), 209–228. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204013503889
- Freedom House (2019a). Freedom in the world 2019: Taiwan country report. Rowman & Littlefield. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/taiwan
- Freedom House (2019b). Freedom in the world 2019: China country report. Rowman & Littlefield. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/china
- Freedom House (2019c). Freedom in the world 2019: China country report. Rowman & Littlefield. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/hong-kong
- Huang, Y., & Chou, C. (2010). An analysis of multiple factors of cyberbullying among junior high school students in Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1581–1590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.005
- Låftman, S. B., Modin, B., & Östberg, V. (2013). Cyberbullying and subjective health: A largescale study of students in Stockholm, Sweden. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(1), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.10.020
- Lam, L. T., Cheng, Z., & Liu, X. (2013). Violent online games exposure and cyberbullying/victimization among adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16(3), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0087
- Lapidot-Lefler, N., & Dolev-Cohen, M. (2015). Comparing cyberbullying and school bullying among school students: Prevalence, gender, and grade level differences. Social Psychology of Education, 18(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-014-9280-8
- Li, Q. (2008). A cross-cultural comparison of adolescents’ experience related to cyberbullying. Educational Research, 50(3), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131880802309333
- Li, Q., Cross, D., & Smith, P. K. (Eds.). (2012). Cyberbullying in the global playground: Research from international perspectives. Wiley-Blackwell.
- Lin, H. T., & Chen, H. J. (2016). Relationships between parental internet intervention, school engagement, and risky online behaviors among adolescents: The moderating role of family cohesion. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 61(4), 205–242. https://doi.org/10.6209/JORIES.2016.61(4).08
- Lobe, B., Livingstone, S., Olafsson, K., & Vodeb, H. (2011). Cross-national comparison of risks and safety on the internet: Initial analysis from the EU Kids Online survey of European children. EU Kids Online.
- López, V., Benbenishty, R., Astor, R. A., Bilbao, M., Ascorra, P., Carrasco, C., Refaeli, T., & Roziner, I. (2018). Cross-cultural patterns of student victimization in Israel and Chile. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(3), 780–792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0930-2
- Ministry of Education, Taiwan, Republic of China. (2011). 中華民國各級學校防治校園霸凌執 行計畫 [Implementation plan of prevention on school bullying at all school levels]. Ministry of Education.
- Ministry of Education, Taiwan, Republic of China. (2012). 中華民國教育部校園霸凌防治準則 [Regulations on the prevention of bullying on campus]. Ministry of Education.
- Pelfrey, W. V., Jr., & Weber, N. L. (2013). Keyboard gangsters: Analysis of incidence and correlates of cyberbullying in a large urban student population. Deviant Behavior, 34(1), 68–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2012.707541
- Rao, J., Wang, H., Pang, M., Yang, J., Zhang, J., Ye, Y., Chen, X., Wang, S., & Dong, X. (2019). Cyberbullying perpetration and victimisation among junior and senior high school students in Guangzhou, China. Injury Prevention, 25(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042210
- Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests. Institute of Educational Research.
- Shek, D. T. L., & Yu, L. (2016). Adolescent internet addiction in Hong Kong: Prevalence, change, and correlates. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 29(1), S22–S30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2015.10.005
- Shin, N., & Ahn, H. (2015). Factors affecting adolescents’ involvement in cyberbullying: What divides the 20 % from the 80 %? Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(7), 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0362
- Şimşek, N., Şahin, D., & Evli, M. (2019). Internet addition, cyberbullying, and victimization relationship in adolescents: A sample from Turkey. Journal of Addiction Nursing, 30(3), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000296
- Sorrentino, A., Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D. P., & Blaya, C. (2019). Epidemiology of cyberbullying across Europe: Differences between countries and genders. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 19(2), 74–91. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2019.2.005
- Sourander, A., Klomek, A. B., Ikonen, M., Lindroos, J., Luntamo, T., Koskelainen, M., Ristkari, T., & Helenius, H. (2010). Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents: A population-based study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(7), 720–728. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.79
- Tsai, M. C., Strong, C., Chen, W. T., Lee, C. T., & Lin, C. Y. (2018). Longitudinal impacts of pubertal timing and weight status on adolescent Internet use: Analysis from a cohort study of Taiwanese youths. PLoS One, 13(5), e0197860. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197860
- Tseng, Y. H., Weng, C. S., Kuo, S. H., Chou, F. H., Yang, Y. H., & Chiang, L. C. (2015). Gender differences? Internet use and parent-child communication about sex toward sexual attitudes among early adolescents in Taiwan. Journal of Nursing Research, 23(2), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0000000000000067
- Wong, D. S. W., Chan, H. C. O., & Cheng, C. H. K. (2014). Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents in Hong Kong. Children and Youth Services Review, 36(1), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.11.006
- Xiao, B. S., & Wong, Y. M. (2013). Cyber-bullying among university students: An empirical investigation from the social cognitive perspective. International Journal of Business and Information, 8(1), 34–69. https://doi.org/10.6702/ijbi.2013.8.1.2
- Zhou, Z., Tang, H., Tian, Y., Wei, H., Zhang, F., & Morrison, C. M. (2013). Cyberbullying and its risk factors among Chinese high school students. School Psychology International, 34(6), 630–647. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034313479692