966
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles / Articles

Real “non-governmental” aid and poverty: comparing privately and publicly financed NGOs in Canada

ORCID Icon
Pages 369-386 | Received 02 Feb 2018, Accepted 27 Jun 2018, Published online: 23 Jan 2019

References

  • Alesina, A., and D. Dollar. 2000. “Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why?” Journal of Economic Growth 5 (1): 33–63. doi: 10.1023/A:1009874203400
  • Audet, F., F. Paquette, and S. Bergeron. 2013. “Religious Nongovernmental Organisations and Canadian International Aid, 2001–2010: A Preliminary Study.” Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d’études du développement 34 (2): 291–320. doi: 10.1080/02255189.2013.794721
  • Barry-Shaw, N., and D. O. Jay. 2012. Paved with Good Intentions: Canada’s Development NGOs from Idealism to Imperialism. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Fernwood Publishing.
  • Baulch, B. 2006. “Aid Distribution and the MDGs.” World Development 34 (6): 933–950. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.013
  • Berthélemy, J. C. 2006. “Bilateral Donors’ Interest vs. Recipients’ Development Motives in Aid Allocation: Do All Donors Behave the Same?” Review of Development Economics 10 (2): 179–194. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9361.2006.00311.x
  • Brass, J. N. 2012. “Why Do NGOs Go Where They Go? Evidence from Kenya.” World Development 40 (2): 387–401. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.017
  • Briggs, R. C. 2017. “Does Foreign Aid Target the Poorest?” International Organization 71 (1): 187–206. doi: 10.1017/S0020818316000345
  • Brown, S. 2012. “CIDA’s New Partnership with Canadian NGOs: Modernising for Greater Effectiveness.” In Struggling for Effectiveness: CIDA and Canadian Foreign Aid, edited by Stephen Brown, 287–304. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
  • Büthe, T., S. Major, and A. D. M. Souza. 2012. “The Politics of Private Foreign Aid: Humanitarian Principles, Economic Development Objectives, and Organizational Interests in NGO Private Aid Allocation.” International Organization 66 (4): 571–607. doi: 10.1017/S0020818312000252
  • Canavire, G., P. Nunnenkamp, R. Thiele, and L. Triveño. 2006. “Assessing the Allocation of Aid: Developmental Concerns and the Self-Interest of Donors.” The Indian Economic Journal 54 (1): 26–51. doi: 10.1177/0019466220060103
  • Charitydata.ca. 2017. “Limitations and Caveats.” Accessed October 27, 2017. https://www.charitydata.ca/terms/.
  • Chege, S. 1999. “Donors Shift More Aid to NGOs.” Africa Recovery 13 (1): 6.
  • CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency). 2010. “Minister Oda Announces Next Step to CIDA’s Aid Effectiveness.” July 23. Accessed December 16, 2017. https://www.canada.ca/en/news/archive/2010/07/minister-oda-announces-next-step-cida-aid-effectiveness.html?=undefined&wbdisable=true.
  • Cooley, A., and J. Ron. 2002. “The NGO Scramble: Organizational Insecurity and the Political Economy of Transnational Action.” International Security 27 (1): 5–39. doi: 10.1162/016228802320231217
  • Costa, M. M. 2016. “What Influences the Location of Nonprofit Organizations? A Spatial Analysis in Brazil.” VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 27 (3): 1064–1090. doi: 10.1007/s11266-016-9682-7
  • Development Initiatives. 2016. “Private Development Assistance: Key Facts and Global Estimates.” Accessed December 14, 2017. http://devinit.org/post/private-development-assistance-key-facts-and-global-estimates/.
  • Dollar, D., and V. Levin. 2006. “The Increasing Selectivity of Foreign Aid, 1984–2003.” World Development 34 (12): 2034–2046. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.06.002
  • Dragseth, M. R. 2016. “Location, Location, Location: What Factors Drive Where US-Based NGOs Go?” PhD diss., University of Oklahoma.
  • Dreher, A., F. Mölders, and P. Nunnenkamp. 2010. “Aid Delivery through Non-Governmental Organisations: Does the Aid Channel Matter for the Targeting of Swedish Aid?” The World Economy 33 (2): 147–176. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01233.x
  • Dreher, A., P. Nunnenkamp, H. Öhler, and J. Weisser. 2012a. “Financial Dependence and Aid Allocation by Swiss NGOs: A Panel Tobit Analysis.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 60 (4): 829–867. doi: 10.1086/665601
  • Dreher, A., P. Nunnenkamp, S. Thiel, and R. Thiele. 2012b. “Aid Allocation by German NGOs: Does the Degree of Official Financing Matter?” The World Economy 35 (11): 1448–1472. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2012.01455.x
  • Elayah, M. A. A., and L. W. M. Schulpen. 2016. “Why Do National NGOs Go Where they Go? The Case of Yemen.” Paper presented at the Fifth Annual Conference on Arab Philanthropy and Civic Engagement, Cairo, November 4–5.
  • FIAP (Feminist International Assistance Policy). 2017. “Canada’s Feminist International Assistance Policy.” Accessed January 29, 2018. http://international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_developpement/priorities-priorites/policy-politique.aspx?lang=eng.
  • Fruttero, A., and V. Gauri. 2005. “The Strategic Choices of NGOs: Location Decisions in Rural Bangladesh.” Journal of Development Studies 41 (5): 759–787. doi: 10.1080/00220380500145289
  • Galway, L. P., K. K. Corbett, and L. Zeng. 2012. “Where Are the NGOs and Why? The Distribution of Health and Development NGOs in Bolivia.” Globalization and Health 8 (38): 1–13.
  • Herbert-Copley, B., T. Brodhead, and A. M. Lambert. 1988. Bridges of Hope? Canadian Voluntary Agencies and the Third World. Ottawa: North-South Institute.
  • Hulme, D., and M. Edwards. 1997. “NGOs, States, and Donors: An Overview.” In NGOs, States, and Donors: Too Close for Comfort, edited by D. Hulme, and M. Edwards, 1–28. New York: St. Martin’s.
  • Keck, M. 2015. “Comparing the Determinants of US-Funded NGO Aid Versus US Official Development Aid.” VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 26 (4): 1314–1336. doi: 10.1007/s11266-014-9464-z
  • Koch, D. J., A. Dreher, P. Nunnenkamp, and R. Thiele. 2009. “Keeping a Low Profile: What Determines the Allocation of Aid by Non-Governmental Organizations?” World Development 37 (5): 902–918. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.09.004
  • Kuziemko, I., and E. Werker. 2006. “How Much is a Seat on the Security Council Worth? Foreign Aid and Bribery at the United Nations.” Journal of Political Economy 114 (5): 905–930. doi: 10.1086/507155
  • Loman, B., I. Pop, and R. Ruben. 2011. “Follow the Leader: How Dutch Development NGOs Allocate Their Resources – the Contradictory Influence of Donor Dependency.” Journal of International Development 23 (5): 641–655. doi: 10.1002/jid.1701
  • Makuwira, J. 2013. Non-Governmental Development Organizations and the Poverty Reduction Agenda: The Moral Crusaders. New York: Routledge.
  • Michaelowa, K., and A. Weber. 2007. “Aid Effectiveness in the Education Sector: A Dynamic Panel Analysis.” In Theory and Practice of Foreign Aid, edited by S. Lahiri, 357–385. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
  • Morrison, D. R. 1998. Aid and Ebb Tide: A History of CIDA and Canadian Development Assistance. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
  • Nancy, G., and B. Yontcheva. 2006. “Does NGO Aid Go to the Poor? Empirical Evidence from Europe.” No. 6–39. International Monetary Fund.
  • Neumayer, E. 2002. “Is Good Governance Rewarded? A Cross-National Analysis of Debt Forgiveness.” World Development 30: 913–930. doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00018-9
  • Noël, A., J. P. Thérien, and S. Dallaire. 2004. “Divided Over Internationalism: The Canadian Public and Development Assistance.” Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de Politiques 30: 29–46. doi: 10.2307/3552579
  • Nunnenkamp, P., and H. Öhler. 2011. “Aid Allocation through Various Official and Private Channels: Need, Merit, and Self-Interest as Motives of German Donors.” World Development 39 (3): 308–323. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.08.001
  • Nunnenkamp, P., and R. Thiele. 2006. “Targeting Aid to the Needy and Deserving: Nothing but Promises?” The World Economy 29 (9): 1177–1201. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00836.x
  • Nunnenkamp, P., J. Weingarth, and J. Weisser. 2009. “Is NGO Aid Not So Different After All? Comparing the Allocation of Swiss Aid by Private and Official Donors.” European Journal of Political Economy 25: 422–438. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2009.01.001
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). DAC List of ODA Recipients. 2018. Accessed January 9, 2018. http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/documentupload/DAC_List_ODA_Recipients2014to2017_flows_En.pdf.
  • Riddell, R. C., A. Bebbington, and L. Peck. 1995. Promoting Development by Proxy. An Evaluation of the Development Impact of Government Support to Swedish NGOs. Stockholm: SIDA.
  • Smillie, I. 1997. “NGOs and Development Assistance: A Change in Mind-Set?” Third World Quarterly 18 (3): 563–578. doi: 10.1080/01436599714876
  • Smillie, I. 2000. “NGOs: Crisis and Opportunity in the New World Order.” In Transforming Development: Foreign Aid for a Changing World, edited by J. Freedman, 114–134. London: University of Toronto Press.
  • Swiss, L. 2014. “Mimicry and Motives: Canadian Aid Allocation in Longitudinal Perspective.” In Rethinking Canadian Aid, edited by S. Brown, D. R. Black, and M. den Heyer, 101–124. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Tendler, J. 1982. “Turning Private Voluntary Organizations into Development Agencies: Questions for Evaluation.” AID Program Evaluation Discussion Paper, vol. 12. AID, Washington, D.C.
  • Thompson, B. 1996. A Profile of Canadian NGOs. Ottawa: Canadian Council for International Cooperation.
  • Tomlinson, B. 2016. Small and Medium-sized Canadian Civil Society Organisations as Development Actors: A Review of Evidence. Inter-Council Network of Provincial and Regional Councils for International Cooperation (ICN), Vancouver, British Columbia. http://aidwatchcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ICNSMOStudy_Final_kg_Graphics_3.pdf.
  • Vakil, A. C. 1997. “Confronting the Classification Problem: Toward a Taxonomy of NGOs.” World Development 25 (12): 2057–2070. doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(97)00098-3
  • Vander Zaag, R. 2014. “Trends in CIDA Funding to Canadian Religious Development NGOs: Analysing Conflicting Studies.” Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement 35 (3): 458–474. doi: 10.1080/02255189.2014.937405
  • Wallace, T. 2000. “Introductory Essay. Development Management and the Aid Chain: The Case of NGOs.” In Development and Management, edited by D. Eade, T. Hewitt, and H. Johnson, 18–39. Oxford: Oxfam Publishing.
  • Younas, J. 2008. “Motivation for Bilateral Aid Allocation: Altruism or Trade Benefits.” European Journal of Political Economy 24 (3): 661–674. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2008.05.003

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.