The limits to extraction: mining and colonialism in Nunavut

References

• Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd. 2016a. Meadowbank Gold Project 2016 Annual Report. Nunavut Impact Review Board (NIRB) File No. 03MN107. Cambridge Bay: NIRB.
   Google Scholar
• Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd. 2016b. Whale Tail Project Environment Impact Assessment. Nunavut Impact Review Board (NIRB) File No. 16MN036. Cambridge Bay: NIRB.
   Google Scholar
• Alfred, T. 2010. Peace, Power, Righteousness: An Indigenous Manifesto. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Amin, S. 1972. “Underdevelopment and Dependence in Black Africa: Origins and Contemporary Forms.” Journal of Modern African Studies 10 (4): 503–524. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X00022801
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program. 2007. Assessment 2007: Oil and Gas Activities in the Arctic – Effects and Potential Effects. Oslo: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme.
   Google Scholar
• Ariak, E. 2012. Speech to Arctic Oil and Gas Symposium. March 13, 2012. Calgary, Alberta.
   Google Scholar
• Arrighi, G. 2004. The Long Twentieth Century. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Baffinland. 2016. Mary River Iron Project 2015 Annual Report. Nunavut Impact Review Board (NIRB) File No. 08MN053. Cambridge Bay: NIRB.
   Google Scholar
• Barnes, T., R. Hayter, and E. Hay. 2001. “Stormy Weather: Cyclones, Harold Innis, and Port Alberni BC.” Environment and Planning A 33 (12): 2127–2147. doi: 10.1068/a34187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, A. 2017. NWT Mineral Sector Review and Benchmarking. Yellowknife: Government of the Northwest Territories.
   Google Scholar
• Berger, T. 1977. Northern Homeland/Northern Frontier. Toronto: Douglas and McIntyre.
   Google Scholar
• Bernauer, W. 2011. “Uranium Mining and Primitive Accumulation in Qamani’tuaq.” MA thesis, University of Manitoba.
   Google Scholar
• Bernauer, W. 2015. “Land Claims and Caribou Habitat Management: The Case of Nunavut.” Canadian Journal of Native Studies 35 (1): 5–32.
   Google Scholar
• Bernauer, W. 2016. “Trudeau’s Promises Unravel in Legal Battle Over Indigenous Rights.” Canadian Dimension 50 (4): 31–35.
   Google Scholar
• Blangy, S., and A. Deffner. 2013. “Impacts du développement minier sur les hommes et les caribous à Qamani’tuaq au Nunavut: approche participative.” Inuit Studies 37 (1): 239–265.
   Google Scholar
• Boutet, J., A. Keeling, and J. Sandlos. 2015. “Historical Perspectives on Mining and the Aboriginal Social Economy.” In Northern Communities Working Together, edited by C. Southcott, 198–227. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bowles, R. 1982. Little Communities and Big Industries. Detroit: Buttersworth.
   Google Scholar
• Bowman, L. 2011. “Sealing the Deal: Environmental and Indigenous Justice and Mining in Nunavut.” RECIEL 20 (1): 19–28.
   Google Scholar
• Bradbury, J. 1979. “Towards an Alternative Theory of Resource-Based Town Development in Canada.” Economic Geography 55 (2): 147–166. doi: 10.2307/142657
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradshaw, B., K. Knotsch, M. Okalik, and K. Preston. 2012. Research and Information Needs Concerning Community Health Impacts and Benefits from Mining. Ottawa: National Aboriginal Healing Fund.
   Google Scholar
• Brody, H. 1975. The People’s Land. Toronto: Douglas and McIntyre.
   Google Scholar
• Bunker, S., and P. Ciccantell. 2005. Globalization and the Race for Resources. Baltimore: John Hopkins University.
   Google Scholar
• Burkett, P., and M. Hart-Landsberg. 2001. “Crisis and Recovery in East Asia: The Limits of Capitalist Development.” Historical Materialism 8 (Summer 2001): 3–48. doi: 10.1163/156920601100414703
   Google Scholar
• Burkett, P., and M. Hart-Landsberg. 2003. “A Critique of Catch-up Theories of Development.” Journal of Contemporary Asia 33 (2): 3–48. doi: 10.1080/00472330380000101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, K., and A. Campbell. 2009. “The Devolution of Natural Resources and Nunavut’s Constitutional Status.” Journal of Canadian Studies 43 (2): 198–219. doi: 10.3138/jcs.43.2.198
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, E., and T. Levitan. 2014. “Impact and Benefit Agreements and the Neoliberalization of Resource Governance.” Studies in Political Economy 93: 25–52. doi: 10.1080/19187033.2014.11674963
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Mining Association, Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada, NWT and Nunavut Chamber of Mines, Yukon Chamber of Mines, and the Association of Consulting Engineering Companies Canada. 2015. “Levelling the Playing Field: Supporting Mineral Exploration and Mining in Remote and Northern Communities.” Authors.
   Google Scholar
• Cater, T. 2013. “When Mining Comes (Back) to Town.” MA thesis, Memorial University.
   Google Scholar
• Cater, T., and A. Keeling. 2013. “That’s Where Our Future Came from.” Inuit Studies 37 (2): 59–82. doi: 10.7202/1025710ar
   Google Scholar
• CBC News/North. 2014. “Fuel Solution has Inuvik Residents Struggling to Pay Bills.” January 17, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Coates, K. 1985. Canada’s Colonies. Toronto: Lorimer.
   Google Scholar
• Conference Board of Canada. 2001. Nunavut Economic Outlook: An Examination of the Nunavut Economy. Ottawa: Conference Board of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Coulthard, G. 2014. Red Skin/White Masks: Rejecting the Colonial Politics of Recognition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Czyzewski, K., F. Tester, S. Aaruaq, and S. Blangy. 2014. The Impact of Resource Extraction on Inuit Women and Families in Qamani’tuaq, Nunavut Territory. Ottawa: Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Dacks, G. 1981. A Choice of Futures: Politics in Canada’s North. Toronto: Methuen.
   Google Scholar
• Dylan, A., B. Smallboy, and E. Lightman. 2013. “Saying No to Resource Development is Not an Option.” Journal of Canadian Studies 47 (1): 59–90. doi: 10.3138/jcs.47.1.59
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eetoolook, J. 2000. “Mining and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement.” Presentation to Nunavut Mining Symposium, Iqaluit. November 13, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Frank, A. G. 1966. “The Development of Underdevelopment.” Monthly Review Vol. 18.
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, A. 2010. “Introduction: Boom and Bust on the Zambian Copperbelt.” In Zambia, Mining, and Neoliberalism, edited by A. Fraser and M. Larmer, 1–32. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Gocke, K. 2013. “Uranium Mining in Nunavut.” The Yearbook of Polar Law Online 5 (1): 119–142. doi: 10.1163/22116427-91000121
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, T. 2010. Imperialist Canada. Winnipeg: Arbeiter Ring (ARP).
   Google Scholar
• Government of Nunavut. 2007. Mining Strategy. Iqaluit: GN.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Nunavut. 2008. Submission to Industry Canada Foreign Competition Policy Review Panel. January 11, 2008. Iqaluit: GN.
   Google Scholar
• Gratton, P. 2014. “The Canadian Public: Perspectives on Mining and Resources Extraction.” Speech to the Vancouver Board of Trade. September 11, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Green, H. 2015. “There Is No Memory of It Here: Closure and Memory of the Polaris Mine is Resolute Bay.” In Mining and Communities in Northern Canada, edited by A. Keeling and J. Sandlos, 315–340. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gudynas, E. 2010. The New Extractivism of the 21st Century: Ten Urgent Theses about Extractivism in Relation to Current South American Progressivism. Washington, DC: Center for International Policy.
   Google Scholar
• Haida Nation v British Columbia. 2004. SCC 73. Accessed May 10, 2010. https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/2189/index.do.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, R. 2012. “Diamond Mining in Canada’s Northwest Territories: A Colonial Continuity.” Antipode 45 (2): 376–393. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01012.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. 1982. Limits to Capital. London: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. 2003. The New Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. 2005. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. 2010. The Enigma of Capital. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hicks, J. 2004. “On the Application of Theories of ‘Internal Colonialism’ to Inuit Societies.” Presentation for the Annual Conference of the Canadian Political Science Association. Winnipeg, June 5, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Hicks and White. 2015. Made in Nunavut. Vancouver: UBC press.
   Google Scholar
• High, S. 2018. One Job Town: Work, Belonging, and Betrayal in Northern Ontario. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hoogeveen, D. 2015. “Sub-surface Property, Free-entry Mineral Staking and Settler Colonialism in Canada.” Antipode 47 (1): 121–138. doi: 10.1111/anti.12095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huskey, L. 2018. “An Arctic Development Strategy for the North Slope Inupiat and the Resource Curse.” Canadian Journal of Development Studies 39 (1): 89–100. doi: 10.1080/02255189.2017.1391067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Innis, H. 1930. The Fur Trade in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Irlbacher-Fox, S. 2009. Finding Dahshaa. Vancouver: UBC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Keeling, A. 2010. “Born in an Atomic Test Tube.” The Canadian Geographer 54 (2): 228–252. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0064.2009.00294.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeling, A., and P. Boulter. 2015. “From Igloo to Mine Shaft.” In Mining and Communities in Northern Canada, edited by A. Keeling and J. Sandlos, 35–42. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
   Google Scholar
• Keeling, A., and J. Sandlos. 2015. Mining and Communities in Northern Canada. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy Dalseg, Sheena, and Frances Abele. 2015. “Language, Distance, Democracy: Development Decision-Making and Northern Communications.” Northern Review 41: 207–240. doi: 10.22584/nr41.2015.009
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy Dalseg, Sheena, Rauna Kuokkanen, Suzanne Mills, and Deborah Simmons. 2018. “Gendered Environmental Assessments in the Canadian North: Marginalization of Indigenous Women and Traditional Economies.” Northern Review 47: 135–166. doi: 10.22584/nr47.2018.007
   Google Scholar
• Kulchyski, P. 2015. “Trail of Tears.” Canadian Journal of Native Studies 35 (1): 69–81.
   Google Scholar
• Kulchyski and Bernauer. 2014. “Modern Treaties and Extraction in Canada’s Indigenous North.” Studies in Political Economy 93: 3–24. doi: 10.1080/19187033.2014.11674962
   Google Scholar
• Kuokkonen, R. 2011. “From Indigenous Economies to Market-Based Self-Governance: A Feminist Political Economy Analysis.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 44 (2): 275–297. doi: 10.1017/S0008423911000126
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, T. 2013. “Inuit Encounters with Colonial Capital.” MA thesis, University of British Columbia.
   Google Scholar
• Loxley, J. 1981. “The Great Northern Plan.” Studies in Political Economy 6: 151–181. doi: 10.1080/19187033.1981.11675705
   Google Scholar
• Marx, K. 1992. Capital: Volume 1: A Critique of Political Economy. London/New York: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• McCann, L.D. 1987. Heartland and Hinterland: A Geography of Canada. Toronto: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• McNally, D. 2006. Another World is Possible. Winnipeg: Arbeiter Ring (ARP).
   Google Scholar
• McNally, D. 2010. Global Slump. Oakland: PM Press.
   Google Scholar
• McPherson, R. 2003. New Owners in Their Own Land. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
   Google Scholar
• Midgley, S. 2015. “Contesting Closure: Science, Politics, and Community Responses to Closing the Nanisivik Mine.” In Mining and Communities in Northern Canada, edited by A. Keeling and J. Sandlos, 293–314. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mifflin, M. 2009. “The Prince and the Pauper: Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated and the Government of Nunavut.” Policy Options (July): 92–96. https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/canadas-water-challenges/the-prince-and-the-pauper-nunavut-tunngavik-incorporated-and-the-government-of-nunavut/.
   Google Scholar
• Mills, S., and B. Sweeney. 2013. “Employment Relations in the Neostaples Resource Economy: Impact Benefit Agreements and Aboriginal Governance in Canada’s Nickel Mining Industry.” Studies in Political Economy 91: 7–34. doi: 10.1080/19187033.2013.11674980
   Google Scholar
• Montreal Economic Institute. 2014. “Canada’s Energy Profile in Forty Questions.” Montreal Economic Institute.
   Google Scholar
• National Post. 2012. “Nothing Left in the Tank: Inuvik is Running out of Gas, Literally.” April 15, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Nunatsiaq News. 2018. “Nunavut Inuit to Explore Self Government.” October 24, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Nunavut Economic Forum. 2003. “Nunavut Economic Development Strategy.” Iqaluit.
   Google Scholar
• Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated (NTI). 1997. Mining Policy. Iqaluit: Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated.
   Google Scholar
• NWT and Nunavut Chamber of Mines. 2012. “NWT Mining Industry Recommends Mineral Resource Potential Remain Open for Development in the Ramparts Region.” Press Release. January 20, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• NWT and Nunavut Chamber of Mines. 2015. “NWT Diamond Mines Face Challenging Markets.” Press Release. December 3, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• NWT and Nunavut Chamber of Mines. 2017. Pre-hearing Written Submission for the Public Hearing on the 2016 Draft Nunavut Land Use Plan. January 13, 2017. Cambridge Bay: Nunavut Planning Commission.
   Google Scholar
• NWT and Nunavut Chamber of Mines. 2018a. “Submission to Government of Canada, Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs in regard to discussions contributing to the Arctic Policy Framework.”
   Google Scholar
• NWT and Nunavut Chamber of Mines. 2018b. “Statistics Project Exploration Down in NWT and Really Down in Nunavut.” Press Release, March 13, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• O’Faircheallaigh, C. 2018. “Using Revenues from Indigenous Impact and Benefit Agreements: Building Theoretical Insights.” Canadian Journal of Development Studies 39 (1): 101–118. doi: 10.1080/02255189.2017.1391068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papillon, M., and T. Rodon. 2017. “Proponent-Indigenous Agreements and the Implementation of the Right to Free, Prior, and Informed Consent in Canada.” Environmental Impact Assessment Review 62: 216–224. doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2016.06.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parlee, B. 2015. “Avoiding the Resource Curse.” World Development 74: 425–436. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peet, R. 2007. Geography of Power. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, K. 2012. “Community Experiences of Mining in Baker Lake, Nunavut.” MA thesis, Guelph University.
   Google Scholar
• Petras, J., and H. Veltmeyer. 2014. Extractive Imperialism in the Americas. Chicago: Haymarket.
   Google Scholar
• Proctor, A. 2016. “Uranium and the Boundaries of Indigeneity.” Extractive Industries and Society 3 (2): 288–296. doi: 10.1016/j.exis.2015.08.001
   Google Scholar
• R v Sparrow. 1990. “1 SCR 1075.” Accessed May 10, 2019. https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/609/index.do.
   Google Scholar
• Resources and Sustainable Development in the Arctic (ReSDA). 2016. “Summary of Nunavut Mines.” Accessed May 10, 2019. http://yukonresearch.yukoncollege.yk.ca/resda/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2013/12/Nunavut-Mine-Summaries-for-web.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Rixen, A., and S. Blangy. 2016. “Life After Meadowbank: Exploring Gold Mine Closure Scenarios.” Extractive Industries and Society 3 (2): 297–312. doi: 10.1016/j.exis.2015.09.003
   Google Scholar
• Rodon, T. 2014. “Working Together: The Dynamics of Multi-Level Governance in Nunavut.” Arctic Review on Law and Politics 5 (2): 250–270.
   Google Scholar
• Rodon, T. 2018. “Institutional Development and Resource Development: The Case of Canada’s Indigenous Peoples.” Canadian Journal of Development Studies 39 (1): 119–136. doi: 10.1080/02255189.2017.1391069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodon, T., and F. Levesque. 2015. “Understanding the Social and Economic Impacts of Mining Development in Inuit Communities.” The Northern Review 41: 13–39. doi: 10.22584/nr41.2015.002
   Google Scholar
• Ross, G. 1989. “Whaling, Inuit and the Arctic Islands.” In Interpreting Canada’s North, edited by K. Coates and W. R. Morrison, 198–209. Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman.
   Google Scholar
• Scobie, W., and K. Rodgers. 2013. “Contestations of Resource Extraction Projects via Digital Media in two Nunavut Communities.” Etudes/Inuit/Studies 37 (2): 93–101.
   Google Scholar
• Simpson, L. 2011. Dancing on Our Turtle’s Back. Winnipeg: ARP.
   Google Scholar
• Slowey, G. 2008a. “The State, the Market, and First Nations: Theorizing First Nations Self-determination in an Era of Globalization.” In Power Struggles: Hydro Development and First Nations in Manitoba and Quebec, edited by T. Martin and S. M. Hoffman, 39–54. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press.
   Google Scholar
• Slowey, G. 2008b. Navigating Neoliberalism. Vancouver: UBC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, N. 1984. Uneven Development: Capital, Nature, and the Production of Space. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
   Google Scholar
• Southcott, C., and D. Natcher. 2018. “Extractive Industries and Indigenous Subsistence Economies: A Complex and Unresolved Relationship.” Canadian Journal of Development Studies 39 (1): 137–154. doi: 10.1080/02255189.2017.1400955
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tester, F., and P. Kulchyski. 1994. Tamarniit/Mistakes. Vancouver: UBC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tester, F., S. Lambert, and T. Lim. 2013. “Wistful Thinking: Making Inuit Labor and the Nanisivik Mine.” Inuit Studies 37 (2): 15–36. doi: 10.7202/1025708ar
   Google Scholar
• Tester, F., V. L’Herault, and W. Bernauer. 2017. “Submission to the Nunavut Planning Commission for the Public Hearing on North Baffin Regional Land Use Plan Amendment Application by Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation.” Pond Inlet Mary River Phase Two Review Committee.
   Google Scholar
• Thistle, J. 2016. “Forgoing Full Value? Iron Ore Mining in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1954–2014.” Extractive Industries and Society 3 (1): 103–116. doi: 10.1016/j.exis.2015.12.006
   Google Scholar
• Tsilhqot’in Nation v British Columbia. 2014. “SCC 44.” Accessed May 10, 2019. https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/14246/index.do.
   Google Scholar
• Usher, P. 1976. “The Class System, Metropolitan Dominance and Northern Development in Canada.” Antipode 8 (3): 28–32. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.1976.tb00696.x
   Google Scholar
• Wallerstein, I. 1974. “The Rise and Future Demise of the World Capitalist System: Concepts for Comparative Analysis.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 16 (4): 387–415. doi: 10.1017/S0010417500007520
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins, M. 1977. Dene Nation: The Colony Within. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wenzel, G. 1991. Animal Rights, Human Rights: Ecology, Economy and Ideology in the Canadian Arctic. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A. 2015. “Governmentality and Mining: Analyzing the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Mary River Mine, Nunavut, Canada.” MA thesis, Carleton University.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, J., and C. Alcantara. 2012. “Mixing Politics and Business in the Canadian Arctic: Inuit Corporate Governance in Nunavik and the Inuvialuit Settlement Region.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 45 (4): 781–804. doi: 10.1017/S0008423912000996
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe, P. 1999. Settler Colonialism and the Transformation of Anthropology. London/New York: Cassell.
   Google Scholar
• Zalik, A. 2012. “The Race to the Bottom and the Demise of the Landord: The Struggle over Petroleum Revenues Historically and Comparatively.” In Flammable Societies: Studies on the Socio-economics of Oil and Gas, edited by J. A. McNeish and O. Logan, 267–286. London: Pluto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zalik, A. 2015. “Resource Sterilization: Reserve Replacement, Financial Risk, and Environmental Review in Canada’s Tar Sands.” Environment and Planning A 47 (12): 2446–2464. doi: 10.1177/0308518X15609218
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar