Identity and culture in theorising African perspectives of communication: The case of an African cinematic model

REFERENCES

• Akomfrah , J. 2006 . “ On the national in African cinema(s) ” . In Theorising national cinema , Edited by: Vital , V. and Willemen , P. 274 – 292 . London : BFI .
   Google Scholar
• Ang , I. 1996 . Living room wars: Rethinking media audiences for a postmodern world , London and New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Attahiru , J. 2001 . Identity transformation and identity politics under structural adjustment in Nigeria , Stockholm : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet and Centre for Research and Documentation .
   Google Scholar
• Babero , M. 1993 . Communication, culture and hegemony: From the media to mediations , London : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Bakari , I. and Cham , M. 1996 . African experiences of cinema , London : British Film Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Barlet , O. 2000 . African cinemas: Decolonizing the gaze . Trans. C. Turner . London and New York : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Beate , J. 2008 . Journalism research and democracy; moving out of the Western orbit . African Communication Research , 3 : 385 – 404 .
   Google Scholar
• Berry , T. 1988 . The dream of The Earth , San Francisco : Sierra Club Books .
   Google Scholar
• Bisschoff , L. and Murphy , D. 2007 . Africa's lost classics: Introduction . Screen Journal , 48 ( 4 ) : 493 – 499 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourgault , L. 1995 . Mass media in sub-Saharan Africa , Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Creighton , H. 1988 . The philosophical conception of man , Moscow : Progress Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Eboh , S. 2004 . African communalism: The way to social harmony and peaceful co-existence , New Jersey : Transaction Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Eilers , F. 1992 . Communicating between cultures , Manila : Divine Word Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Gillian , R. 2001 . Visual methodologies: An introduction to the interpretation of visual materials , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Goffman , E. 1959 . The presentation of self in everyday life , Double Day : Anchor Books .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , S. 1997 . Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices , London : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Hallin , D. and Mancini , P. 2004 . Comparing media systems: Three models of media and politics , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hegel , F. 1965 . “ La raison dans l'Histoire, introduction à la Philosophie de l'Histoire ” . In The state in Africa: The politics of the belly , Edited by: Bayert , J . New York : Wesley Longman Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Irele , A. 2007 . “ Introduction ” . In African philosophy: Myths and reality , Edited by: Hountondji , P. 7 – 30 . London : Hutchinson and Co. Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Irobi , E. 2008 . The problem with postcolonial theory: Re-theorising African performance, orature and literature in the age of globalization and diaspora studies . Sentinel Literary Quarterly , 2 ( 1 ) : 1 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Jesus , M-B. 1993 . Communication, culture and hegemony: From the media to mediations , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Luzbetak , L. 2002 . The church and cultures: New perspectives in missiological anthropology , New York : Orbis Books .
   Google Scholar
• Melkote , S. 1991 . Communication for development in the Third World: Theory and practice , New Delhi : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Melkote , S. and H. Steeves , 2003 . Communication for development in the Third World , second edition . London : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Moemeka , A. 1998 . Communalism as a fundamental dimension of culture . Journal of Communication , 48 ( 4 ) : 118 – 138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nerone , J. 1995 . Last nights: Revisiting four theories of the press , Urbana : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ngugi , M. 2005 . Media and the sustenance of collective identifications in Africa . http://www.ars-hetoric.net/queen/volumespecial/issue5/articles/ngugi.pdf (accessed 20 August 2008) .
   Google Scholar
• Njoku , J. 2006 . African communalism: From a cultural model to a culture in crisis . In Migration and relevance of Christian mission: Visuality of invisible Africans . Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology , U. Elochukwu . 18 Enugu : Snaap Press Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Nordenstreng . K. 1997 . Beyond the Four Theories of the press . In Towards a theory of communication for Africa: The challenges for emerging democracies , L. Obonyo , 97 – 109 . Amersfoort Uitgewerij Acco .
   Google Scholar
• Nwachukwu , F. 1994 . Black African cinema , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Obonyo , L. 2011 . Towards a theory of communication: The challenges for emerging democracies . Communicatio , 37 ( 1 ) : 1 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Ogundele , W. 2000 . From folk opera to soap opera: Improvisations and transformations in Yoruba popular theatre . In Nigerian video films , J. Haynes , 89 – 130 . Athens : Ohio University Center For International Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Okere , T. 1995 . African culture: The past and the present as an indivisible whole . Nigerian Philosophical Studies 1 3 . Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change. http://www.crvp.org/series/020/11-3/chapter (accessed 27 November 2008) .
   Google Scholar
• Okere , T. 2003 . “ Human rights and democratization in West Africa ” . In Church and democracy in West Africa , Edited by: Nwaigbo , F. 30 – 46 . Port Harcourt : CIWA Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Onwubiko , O. 1991 . African thought, religion and culture , Enugu : Snaap Press Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Opubor , A. , Akingbulu , A. and Ojebode , A. 2010 . Broadcast media policy in Nigeria: Across many dispensations . African Communications Research , 3 ( 1 ) : 38 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Palmer , E. 1972 . An introduction to the African novel , London : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Phillipart , M. 1992 . The African church in the communication era , Nairobi , , Africa : St Paul's Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Rojek , C. 2003 . Stuart Hall , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rosengren , K. 2000 . Communication: An introduction , London : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Schlesinger , P. 1993 . “ Introduction ” . In Communication, culture and hegemony – from the media to mediations , Edited by: Jesus , M. B. viii – xv . London : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Siebert , F. , Peterson , T. and Schramm , W. 1963 . Four Theories of the press: The authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility and Soviet Communist concepts of what the press should be and do , Illinois : Ilini Books .
   Google Scholar
• The Editors . 2008 . Why a new communication research journal in Africa? African Communications Research 1 1 : 1 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Tomaselli , K.A. , Shepperson , A. and Eke , M. 1995 . Towards a theory of orality in African cinema . Research in African Literatures , 26 ( 3 ) : 18 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ugboajah , F. 1992 . “ ‘Oramedia’ or traditional media as effective communication option for rural development in Africa ” . In Communicating between cultures , Edited by: Eilers , F. Manila : Divine Word Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Uwah , I. 2008 . Nollywood films as a site for constructing contemporary African identities: The significance of village ritual scenes in Igbo films . African Communication Research Journal , 1 ( 1 ) : 87 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• White , R. 2003 . “ Theologizing to communicate God's love ” . In Towards a communicative theology , Edited by: Palakeel , J. 19 – 32 . Bangalore : Asian Trading Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• White , R. 2008 . Grassroots, participatory communication: Is a new vision of communication emerging in Africa? . African Communication Research , 1 ( 1 ) : 7 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , D. 2008 . Research on traditional communication in Africa: The development and future directions . African Communication Research , 1 ( 1 ) : 47 – 59 .
   Google Scholar