Heavy metals in the midstream of the Ganges River: spatio-temporal trends in a seasonally dry tropical region (India)

References

• Ahmad, J. U., & Goni, M. A. (2010). Heavy metal contamination in water, soil and vegetables of the industrial areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 166(1–4), 347–357. doi:10.1007/s10661-009-1006-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alloway, B. J. (1995). Heavy metals in soils (2nd ed.). Chapters 6, 8, 9, and 11. UK: Chapman and Hall, Glasgow.
   Google Scholar
• American Public Health Association. (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC: APHA.
   Google Scholar
• Balkis, N., Aksu, A., Okuş, E., & Apak, R. (2010). Heavy metal concentrations in water, suspended matter, and sediment from Gökova Bay, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 167(1–4), 359–370. doi:10.1007/s10661-009-1055-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beg, K. R., & Ali, S. (2008). Chemical contaminants and toxicity of Ganga River sediment from up and down stream area at Kanpur. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4(4), 362–366. doi:10.3844/ajessp.2008.362.366
   Google Scholar
• Bharti, P. K. (2007). Why are Indian standards not strict? Current Science, 93, 1202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bibby, R. L., & Webster-Brown, J. G. (2005). Characterisation of urban catchment suspended particulate matter (Auckland region, New Zealand); a comparison with non-urban SPM. The Science of the Total Environment, 343, 177–197. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.09.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffleben, M. S., Zayeed, K., Kimbrough, D., Stenstrom, M. K., & Suffet, I. H. (2002). Evaluation of urban non-point source runoff of hazardous metals entering Santa Monica Bay, California. Water Science and Technology, 45(9), 263–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau of Indian Standards. (1991). Indian standard specification for drinking water. IS: 10500.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, A. G., Chen, J. M., Pipitsangchand, S., & Azadi-Bougar, G.A. (1996). Vehicular particulate emissions and roadside air pollution. Science of the Total Environment, 189–190, 417–422. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(96)05239-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edet, A., & Offiong, O. E. (2002). Evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metal contamination monitoring. A study case from Akpabuyo-Odukpani area, lower cross river basin (Southeastern Nigeria). Geojournal, 57, 295–304. doi:1023/B:GEJO.0000007250.92458.de
   Google Scholar
• Gozzard, E., Mayes, W. M., Potter, H. A. B., & Jarvis, A. P. (2011). Seasonal and spatial variation of diffuse (non-point) source zinc pollution in a historically metal mined river catchment, UK. Environmental Pollution, 159, 3113–3122. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain, C. K. (2002). A hydrochemical study of a mountainous watershed: The Ganga, India. Water Research, 36, 1262–1274. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00327-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeng, H. A. C., Englande, A. J., Bakeer, R. M., & Bradford, H. B. (2005). Impact of urban stormwater runoff on estuarine environmental quality. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 63, 513–526. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2004.11.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kar, D., Sur, P., Mandai, S. K., Saha, T., & Kole, R. K. (2008). Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface water. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5, 119–124. doi:10.1007/BF03326004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, S. A., Din, Z. U., Ihsanullah, & Zubair, A. (2011). Levels of selected heavy metals in drinking water of Peshawar city. International Journal of Science and Nature, 2, 648–652.
   Google Scholar
• Krachler, R., Jirsa, F., & Ayromlou, S. (2005). Factors influencing the dissolved iron input by river water to the open ocean. Biogeosciences, 2, 311–315. doi:10.5194/bg-2-311-2005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H., Lau, S. -L., Kayhanian, M., & Stenstrom, M. K. (2004). Seasonal first flush phenomenon of urban stormwater discharges. Water Research, 38, 4153–4163. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.07.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochieng, E. Z., Lalah, J. O., & Wandiga, S. O. (2009). Anthropogenic sources of heavy metals in the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 83, 600–607. doi:10.1007/s00128-009-9807-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, J., & Pandey, U. (2009a). Accumulation of heavy metals in dietary vegetables and cultivated soil horizon in organic farming system in relation to atmospheric deposition in a seasonally dry tropical region of India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 148, 61–74. doi:10.1007/s10661-007-0139-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, J., & Pandey, U. (2009b). Atmospheric deposition and heavy metal contamination in an organic farming system in a seasonally dry tropical region of India. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 33, 361–378. doi:10.1080/10440040902834954
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, J., Pandey, R., & Shubhashish, K. (2009). Air–borne heavy metal contamination to dietary vegetables: A case study from India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 83(6), 931–936. doi:10.1007/s00128-009-9879-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, J., Pandey, U., & Singh, A. V. (2014). Impact of changing atmospheric deposition chemistry on carbon and nutrient loading to Ganga River: Integrating land–atmosphere–water components to uncover cross-domain carbon linkages. Biogeochemistry, doi:10.1007/s10533-014-9957-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, J., Shubhashish, K., & Pandey, R. (2010). Heavy metal contamination of Ganga River at Varanasi in relation to atmospheric deposition. Tropical Ecology, 51(2S), 63–71.
   Google Scholar
• Pandey, R., Shubhashish, K., & Pandey, J. (2012). Dietary intake of pollutant aerosols via vegetables influenced by atmospheric deposition and wastewater irrigation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 76, 200–208. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purushothaman, P., & Chakrapani, G. J. (2007). Heavy metals fractionation in Ganga River sediments, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 132, 475–489. doi:10.1007/s10661-006-9550-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, J. (1994). Air pollution and daily mortality: A review and meta – analysis. Environmental Research, 64, 26–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, F. R. (2002). Environmental geochemistry of potentially toxic metals. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, M., & Singh, A. K. (2007). Bibliography of environmental studies in natural characteristics and anthropogenic influences on the Ganga River. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 129, 421–432. doi:10.1007/s10661-006-9374-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, W., Davidson, C. I., Finger, S., & Striegel, M. F. (2002). Wind-driven Rain on a Tall Limestone Building: Washoff of Soiling caused by Pollutant Deposition. In R. Van Grieken & Y. Shevah (Eds.), Proceedings, of int. sym. atmospheric deposition and its impact on ecosystems (pp. 55–69). Antwerp: University of Antwerp Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thornton, G. J. P., & Dise, N. B. (1998). The influence of catchment characteristics, agricultural activities and atmospheric deposition on the chemistry of small streams in the English Lake District. The Science of the Total Environment, 216, 63–75. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00138-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voutsa, D., Grimanis, A., & Samara, C. (1996). Trace elements in vegetables grown in an industrial area in relation to soil and air particulate matter. Environmental Pollution, 94, 325–335. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00088-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster, J. G., Brown, K. L., & Webster, K. S. (2000). Source and transport of trace metals in the Hatea River catchment and estuary, Whangarei, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 34, 187–201. doi:10.1080/00288330.2000.9516925
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (1996). Guidelines for drinking water quality: (2ed. Vol. 2). Health criteria and other supporting information. Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar