Characteristics and Goals of Rural Family Business Owners in Tourism and Hospitality: A Developing Country Perspective

References

• AMES, R. T. (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. USA. Ballantine Books.
   Google Scholar
• ANDERSSON, T., CARLSEN, J. and GETZ, D. (2002). Family Business Goals in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector: Case Studies and Cross-Case Analysis from Australia, Canada, and Sweden. Family Business Review 15(2): 89–106.
   Google Scholar
• ATELJEVIC, I. and DOORNE, S. (2000). ‘Staying within the Fence’: Lifestyle Entrepreneurship in Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 8(5): 378–392.
   Google Scholar
• ATELJEVIC, I. and DOORNE, S. (2004). Diseconomies of Scale: A Study of Development Constraints in Small Tourism Firms in Central New Zealand. Tourism and Hospitality Research 5(1): 5–24.
   Google Scholar
• AUGUSTYN, M. M. (2004). Coping with Resource Scarcity: The Experience of UK Tourism SMEs. In Thomas, R. (Ed) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives. UK. Elsevier Science: 257–275.
   Google Scholar
• BECTON, S. and GRAETZ, B. (2001). Small Business—Small Minded? Training Attitudes and Needs of the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. International Journal of Tourism Research 3: 105–113.
   Google Scholar
• BROWN, D. O. (1998). In Search of an Appropriate Form of Tourism for Africa: Lessons from the Past and Suggestions for the Future. Tourism Management 19(3): 237–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CANOVES, G., VILLARINO, M., PRIESTLEY, G. K. and BLANCO, A. (2004). Rural Tourism in Spain: An Analysis of Recent Evolution. Geoforum 35: 755–769.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARTER, S. (1998). Portfolio Entrepreneurship in the Farm Sector: Indigenous Growth in Rural Areas? Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 10(1): 17–32.
   Google Scholar
• CARTER, S. (1999). Multiple Business Ownership in the Farm Sector: Assessing the Enterprise and Employment Contributions of Farmers in Cambridgeshire. Journal of Rural Studies 15: 417–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARTER, S. and RAM, M. (2003). Reassessing Portfolio Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics 21: 371–380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARTER, S., TAGG, S. and DIMITRATOS, P. (2004). Beyond Portfolio Entrepreneurship: Multiple Income Sources in Small Firms. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 16: 481–499.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COONTZ, S. (1999). American Families: A Multicultural Reader. London. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• DOMENICO, M. L. (2005). Producing Hospitality, Consuming Lifestyles: Lifestyle Entrepreneurship in Urban Scotland. In Jones, E. and Haven-Tang, C. (Eds) Tourism SMEs, Service Quality and Destination Competitiveness. Wallingford. CABI Publishing: 109–122.
   Google Scholar
• ECHTNER, C. M. (1995). Entrepreneurial Training in Developing Countries. Annals of Tourism Research 22(1): 119–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FLEISCHER, A. and FELSENSTEIN, D. (2004). Short-run Output and Employment Effects Arising from Assistance to Tourism SMEs: Evidence from Israel. In Thomas, R. (Ed) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives. UK. Elsevier Science: 71–82.
   Google Scholar
• FLEISCHER, A. and TCHETCHIK, A. (2005). Does Rural Tourism Benefit from Agriculture? Tourism Management 26(4): 493–501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRIEL, M. (1999). Marketing Practice in Small Tourism and Hospitality Firms. International Journal of Tourism Research 1(2): 97–109.
   Google Scholar
• GARTNER, W. C. (2004). Factors Affecting Small Firms in Tourism: A Ghanaian Perspective. In Thomas, R. (Ed) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives. UK. Elsevier Science: 35–52.
   Google Scholar
• GETZ, D. and CARLSEN, J. (2000). Characteristics and Goals of Family and Owner-operated Businesses in the Rural Tourism and Hospitality Sectors. Tourism Management 21(6): 547–560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GETZ, D. and CARLSEN, J. (2005). Family Business in Tourism: State of the Art. Annals of Tourism Research 32(1): 237–258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GETZ, D. and NILSSON, P. A. (2004). Responses of Family Businesses to Extreme Seasonality in Demand: The Case of Bornholm, Denmark. Tourism Management 25(1): 17–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GETZ, D. and PETERSEN, T. (2004a). The Importance of Profit and Growth-oriented Entrepreneurs in Destination Competitiveness and Change. In Weber, S. and Tomljenovic, R. (eds) Reinventing a Tourism Destination: Facing the Challenge. Zagreb. Institute for Tourism: 135–146.
   Google Scholar
• GETZ, D. and PETERSEN, T. (2004b). Identifying Industry-specific Barriers to Inheritance in Family Businesses. Family Business Review 17(3): 259–276.
   Google Scholar
• GETZ, D. and PETERSEN, T. (2005). Growth and Profit-oriented Entrepreneurship among Family Business Owners in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management 24(2): 219–242.
   Google Scholar
• GETZ, D., CARLSEN, J. and MORRISON, A. (2004). The Family Business in Tourism and Hospitality. Wallingford. CABI Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• GETZ, D., CARLSEN, J. and MORRISON, A. (2005). Quality Issues for the Family Business. In Jones, E. and Haven-Tang, C. (Eds) Tourism SMEs, Service Quality and Destination Competitiveness. Wallingford. CABI Publishing: 73–85.
   Google Scholar
• GUANGXI STATISTICS BUREAU (2006). Guangxi Statistical Yearbook. Beijing. China Statistics Press.
   Google Scholar
• HALL, C. M. and RUSHER, K. (2005). Business Goals in the Small-scale Accommodation Sector in New Zealand. In Jones, E. and Haven-Tang, C. (Eds) Tourism SMEs, Service Quality and Destination Competitiveness. Wallingford. CABI Publishing: 143–154.
   Google Scholar
• HITCHCOCK, M. (2000). Ethnicity and Tourism Entrepreneurship in Java and Bali. Current Issues in Tourism 3(3): 204–225.
   Google Scholar
• HUNTER, J. E. and SCHMIDT, F. L. (2004). Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings. London. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• IOANNIDES, D. and PETERSEN, T. (2003). Tourism ‘Non-entrepreneurship’ in Peripheral Destinations: A Case Study of Small and Medium Tourism Enterprises on Bornholm, Denmark. Tourism Geographies 5(4): 408–435.
   Google Scholar
• JOHNS, N. and MATTSSON, J. (2005). Destination Development Through Entrepreneurship: A Comparison of Two Cases. Tourism Management 26(4): 605–616.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KING, B. E. M., BRANSGROVE, C. and WHITELAW, P. (1998). Profiling the Strategic Marketing Activities of Small Tourism Businesses. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 7(4): 45–59.
   Google Scholar
• LE, Y. and HOLLENHORST, S. (2005). Perceptions of Vietnamese Tour Companies toward Adopting Sustainable Tourism Practices. Anatolia 16(1): 79–99.
   Google Scholar
• LYNCH, P. A. (2005). Reflections on the Home Setting in Hospitality. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 12(1): 11–32.
   Google Scholar
• MANYARA, G., JONES, E. and BOTTERILL, D. (2006). Tourism and Poverty Alleviation: The Case for Indigenous Enterprise Development in Kenya. Tourism Culture and Communication 7(1): 19–37.
   Google Scholar
• McGEHEE, N. G. and KIM, K. M. (2004). Motivation for Agri-Tourism Entrepreneurship. Journal of Travel Research 43(2): 161–170.
   Google Scholar
• MORRISON, A., RIMMINGTON, M. and WILLIAMS, C. (1999). Entrepreneurship in the Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Industries. Oxford. Butterworth-Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• NEUMAN, L. W. (2005). Social Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Boston. Allyn & Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• NORUSIS, M. (2006). SPSS 15.0 Guide to Data Analysis. USA. Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• OLLENBURG, C. and BUCKLEY, R. (2007). Stated Economic and Social Motivations of Farm Tourism Operators. Journal of Travel Research 45(4): 444–452.
   Google Scholar
• PAGE, S. J. and GETZ, D. (1997). The Business of Rural Tourism: International Perspectives. London. International Thomson Business Press.
   Google Scholar
• PAGE, S. J., FORER, P. and LAWTON, G. R. (1999). Small Business Development and Tourism: Terra Incognita? Tourism Management 20(4): 435–459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PALMER, A. L., SESE, A. and MONTANO, J. J. (2005). Tourism and Statistics: Bibliometric Study 1998ndash;2002. Annals of Tourism Research 32(1): 167–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEOPLE'S DAILY (2006). Editorial: Soundly Push Forward the Building of a New Socialist Countryside. People's Daily (February 22).
   Google Scholar
• PISTRUI, D., HUANG, W., OKSOY, D., ZHAO, J. and WELSCH, H. (2001). Entrepreneurship in China: Characteristics, Attributes, and Family Forces Shaping the Emerging Private Sector. Family Business Review 14(2): 141–152.
   Google Scholar
• POUTZIOURIS, P., WANG, Y. and CHAN, S. (2002). Chinese Entrepreneurship: The Development of Small Family Firms in China. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 9(4): 383–399.
   Google Scholar
• REHER, D. S. (1998). Family Ties in Western Europe: Persistent Contrasts. Population and Development Review 24(2): 203–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REICHEL, A. and HABER, S. (2005). A Three-Sector Comparison of the Business Performance of Small Tourism Enterprises: An Exploratory Study. Tourism Management 26(5): 681–690.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RICHARDSON, H. W. (1984). The Role of the Informal Sector in Developing Countries: An Overview. Regional Development Dialogue 5(2): 3–40.
   Google Scholar
• ROBERTS, S. and TRIBE, J. (2005). Exploring the Economic Sustainability of the Small Tourism Enterprise: A Case Study of Tobago. Tourism Recreation Research 30(1): 55–72.
   Google Scholar
• ROGERSON, C. M. (2003). Tourism and Transformation: Small Enterprise Development in South Africa. Africa Insight 33(1/2): 108–115.
   Google Scholar
• ROGERSON, C. M. (2004). Tourism, Small Firm Development and Empowerment in Post-Apartheid South Africa. In Thomas, R. (Ed) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives. UK. Elsevier Science: 13–33.
   Google Scholar
• RUSSELL, R. and FAULKNER, B. (1999). Movers and Shakers: Chaos Makers in Tourism Development. Tourism Management 20(4): 411–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUSSELL, R. and FAULKNER, B. (2004). Entrepreneurship, Chaos and the Tourism Area Lifecycle. Annals of Tourism Research 31(3): 556–579.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCOTT, N. and LAWS, E. (2004). Whale Watching—The Roles of Small Firms in the Evolution of a New Australian Niche Market. In Thomas, R. (ed) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives. UK. Elsevier Science: 153–166.
   Google Scholar
• SHARMA, A. (2006). Economic Impact and Institutional Dynamics of Small Hotels in Tanzania. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research 30(1): 76–94.
   Google Scholar
• SHARMA, P., CHRISMAN, J. and CHUA, J. (1996). A Review and Annotated Bibliography of Family Business Studies. Boston. Kluwer.
   Google Scholar
• SHARPLEY, R. (2002). Rural Tourism and the Challenge of Tourism Diversification: The Case of Cyprus. Tourism Management 23: 233–344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHAW, G. and WILLIAMS, A. M. (2004). From Lifestyle Consumption to Lifestyle Production: Changing Patterns of Tourism Entrepreneurship. In Thomas, R. (Ed) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives. UK. Elsevier Science: 99–113.
   Google Scholar
• SMITH, W. L. (2006). Goals and Characteristics of Family-Owned Small Businesses: An International Replication and Comparison between Middle America and Western Australia Hospitality Providers. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development 3(3): 212–222.
   Google Scholar
• STRINGER, P. (1981). Hosts and Guests: The Bed and Breakfast Phenomenon. Annals of Tourism Research 8(3): 357–376.
   Google Scholar
• THOMAS, R. (2004). Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives. UK. Elsevier Science.
   Google Scholar
• THOMAS, R., FRIEL, M., JAMESON, S. and PARSONS, D. (1997). The National Survey of Small Tourism and Hospitality Firms: Annual Report 1996ndash;1997. Centre for the Study of Small Tourism Firms, Leeds. Leeds Metropolitan University.
   Google Scholar
• TINSLEY, R. and LYNCH, P. (2001). Small Tourism Business Networks and Destination Development. International Journal of Hospitality Management 20(4): 367–378.
   Google Scholar
• UNITED NATIONS WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (UNWTO) (2005). Tourism, Microfinance and Poverty Alleviation. Madrid. UNWTO.
   Google Scholar
• UNITED NATIONS WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (UNWTO) (2006). Mega-trends of Tourism in Asia-Pacific. Madrid. UNWTO.
   Google Scholar
• WANHILL, S. (2000). Small and Medium Tourism Enterprises. Annals of Tourism Research 27(1): 132–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEIERMAIR, K., SILLER, H. J. and MÖSSENLECHNER, C. (2006). Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship in Alpine Tourism: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Teaching in Travel and Tourism 6(2): 23–40.
   Google Scholar
• WONG, S. (1993). The Chinese Family Firm: A Model. Family Business Review 6(3): 327–340.
   Google Scholar
• ZHANG, H. Q., CHONG, K. and JENKINS, C. L. (2002). Tourism Policy Implementation in Mainland China: An Enterprise Perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 14(1): 38–42.
   Google Scholar
• ZHANG, H. Q. and MORRISON, A. (2007). How Can the Small to Medium Sized Travel Agents Stay Competitive in China's Travel Service Sector? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 19(4): 275–285.
   Google Scholar