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Tourism Recreation Research Volume 34, 2009 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Comparative Study of the Sustainability of Donor-supported Tourism Clusters in Developing Economies

Donald E. HawkinsSchool of Business, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.20052, USA. e-mail: [email protected]
(Eisenhower Professor of Tourism Policy) &
Leila M. CalnanTourism Services, Emerging Markets Group, Colonial Place III Suite 800, 2107 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA22201, USA. email: [email protected]
(Manager)
Pages 269-282 | Received 15 Jan 2009, Accepted 31 May 2009, Published online: 12 Jan 2015

References

  • BLANKE, J., and CHIESA, T. (eds) (2007). The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: Assessing Key Factors Driving the Sector's Development. World Economic Forum.
  • CENTRAL BANK OF BiH (2006). Annual Report. Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • CROUCH, G. and RITCHIE, J.R.B. (1999). Tourism, Competitiveness, and Societal Prosperity. Journal of Business Research 44: 137–152.
  • HJALAGER, A. (2002). Repairing Innovation Defectiveness in Tourism. Tourism Management 23(5): 465–474.
  • NORDIN, S. (2003). Tourism Clustering and Innovation—Paths to Economic Growth and Development. Oestersund, Sweden: European Tourism Research Institute, Mid-Sweden University.
  • PORTER, M. (1996). What is Strategy? Harvard Business Review 74(6): 61–78.
  • RITCHIE, J.R.B. and CROUCH, G. (2000). The Competitive Destination: A Sustainability Perspective. Tourism Management 21: 1–7.
  • UNWTO (2007a). UNWTO World Tourism Barometer 5(2): 1–48.
  • UNWTO (2007b). UNWTO World Tourism Barometer 5(3): 1–48.
  • UNWTO (2009). UNWTO World Tourism Barometer 7(2): 1–48.

Personal Interviews

  • Derviskadic, S., Team Leader—Tourism Cluster, Emerging Markets Group, Ltd. The Cluster Competitiveness Activity (CCA) Project in Bosnia—USAID, August-September 2007.
  • King, D., Chief of Party, Emerging Markets Group, Ltd. The Cluster Competitiveness Activity (CCA) Project in Bosnia—USAID, August-September 2007.
  • Liyanamana, P., Director, Private Sector Development, JE Austin Associates. The Competitiveness Program (TCP)—USAID, Sri Lanka, August-September 2007.
  • Varley, J., Chief of Party, Nathan Associates. The Competitiveness Program (TCP)—USAID, Sri Lanka, August-September 2007

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