References
- Ajzen, I. (2001). Nature and operations of attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 27–58.
- Altman, I., & Low, S. M. (1992). Place attachment (Vol. 12). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
- Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., & Falk, J. (2011). Visitors’ learning for environmental sustainability: Testing short-and long-term impacts of wildlife tourism experiences using structural equation modelling. Tourism Management, 32(6), 1243–1252.
- Bamberg, S., & Möser, G. (2007). Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(1), 14–25.
- Barber, N. A., Kim, Y. H., & Barth, S. (2014). The importance of recycling to U. S. festival visitors: A preliminary study. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 23(6), 601–625.
- Bargh, J., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (1994). Environmental control of goal-directed action: Automatic and strategic contingencies between situations and behaviour. In W.D. Spaulding (Ed.). Paper presented at the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Lincoln, NE.
- Bergin-Seers, S., & Mair, J. (2009). Emerging green tourists in Australia: Their behaviours and attitudes. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 9(2), 109–119.
- Bjorseth, H. (2008). Environmental handbook for festivals and outdoors events T. N. R. A. The Oya Festival (Ed.).
- Brooks, S., O'Halloran, D., & Magnin, A. (2009). Rock on!: bringing strategic sustainable development to music festivals. Progress in Industrial Ecology. An International Journal, 6(3), 285–306.
- Carifio, J., & Perla, R. J. (2007). Ten common misunderstandings, misconceptions, persistent myths and urban legends about Likert scales and Likert response formats and their antidotes. Science Publications, 3(3), 106–116.
- Chandrappa, R., & Das, D. B. (2012). Solid waste management: Principles and practice. Heidelberg: Springer.
- Cheng, T. M., Wu, H. C., & Huang, L. M. (2013). The influence of place attachment on the relationship between destination attractiveness and environmentally responsible behavior for island tourism in Penghu, Taiwan. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(8), 1166–1187.
- Cummings, J. (2008). Greening the mainstream: Green live events in Australia, a literature review. Paper presented at the IASPM-ANZ Conference, Auckland, New Zeland.
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Perspectives on motivation, (Vol. 38, pp. 237–288). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
- Deery, M., & Jago, L. (2010). Social impacts of events and the role of anti-social behaviour. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 1(1), 8–28.
- Derrett, R. (2003). Making sense of how festivals demonstrate a community's sense of place. Event Management, 8(1), 49–58.
- Diederichs, N., & Roberts, D. (2016). Climate protection in mega-event greening: The 2010 FIFA™ World Cup and COP17/CMP7 experiences in Durban, South Africa. Climate and Development, 8(4), 376–384.
- Dillon, W. R., & Goldstein, M. (1984). Multivariate analysis methods and applications. New York, NY: Wiley.
- Dolnicar, S. (2010). Identifying tourists with smaller environmental footprints. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(6), 717–734.
- Dunlap, R. E., Van Liere, K. D., Mertig, A. G., & Jones, R. E. (2000). New trends in measuring environmental attitudes. Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: A revised NEP scale. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 425–442.
- Flick, U. (2006). An introduction to qualitative research. London, UK: Sage.
- Gardner, R. O. (2004). The portable community: Mobility and modernization in bluegrass festival life. Symbolic Interaction, 27(2), 155–178.
- Gibson, C., & Connell, J. (2012). Music festivals and regional development in Australia. Farnham, England: Ashgate.
- Giuliani, M. V. (2003). Theory of attachment and place attachment. In M. Bonnes, T. Lee, & M. Bonaiuto (Eds.), Psychological theories for environmental issues (pp. 137–165). Aldershot, England: Ashgate.
- Gosling, E., & Williams, K. J. (2010). Connectedness to nature, place attachment and conservation behaviour: Testing connectedness theory among farmers. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(3), 298–304.
- Guagnano, G. A., Stern, P. C., & Dietz, T. (1995). Influences on attitude-behavior relationships: A natural experiment with curbside recycling. Environment and Behavior, 27(5), 699–718.
- Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2000). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 191–215). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Halpenny, E. A. (2010). Pro-environmental behaviours and park visitors: The effect of place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 409–421.
- Hammitt, W. E., Backlund, E. A., & Bixler, R. D. (2004). Experience use history, place bonding and resource substitution of trout anglers during recreation engagements. Journal of Leisure Research, 36(3), 356–378.
- Henderson, S. (2011). The development of competitive advantage through sustainable event management. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 3(3), 245–257.
- Hernández, B., Hidalgo, M. C., Salazar-Laplace, M. E., & Hess, S. (2007). Place attachment and place identity in natives and non-natives. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(4), 310–319.
- Hidalgo, M. C., & Hernandez, B. (2001). Place attachment: Conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 273–281.
- Hughes, K. (2012). Measuring the impact of viewing wildlife: Do positive intentions equate to long-term changes in conservation behaviour? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(1), 42–59.
- Jorgensen, B. S., & Stedman, R. C. (2001). Sense of place as an attitude: Lakeshore owners attitudes toward their properties. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 233–248.
- Jorgensen, B. S., & Stedman, R. C. (2006). A comparative analysis of predictors of sense of place dimensions: Attachment to, dependence on, and identification with lakeshore properties. Journal of Environmental Management, 79(3), 316–327.
- Juvan, E., & Dolnicar, S. (2013). Can tourists easily choose a low carbon footprint vacation? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(2), 1–20.
- Kals, E., Schumacher, D., & Montada, L. (1999). Emotional affinity toward nature as a motivational basis to protect nature. Environment and Behavior, 31(2), 178–202.
- Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the Gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? Environmental Education Research, 8(3), 239–260.
- Kyle, G., & Chick, G. (2007). The social construction of a sense of place. Leisure Sciences, 29(3), 209–225.
- Kyle, G., Graefe, A., & Manning, R. (2005). Testing the dimensionality of place attachment in recreational settings. Environment and Behavior, 37(2), 153–177.
- Kyle, G., Graefe, A., Manning, R., & Bacon, J. (2004). Effects of place attachment on users’ perceptions of social and environmental conditions in a natural setting. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(2), 213–225.
- Laing, J., & Frost, W. (2010). How green was my festival: Exploring challenges and opportunities associated with staging green events. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(2), 261–267.
- Lee, T. H. (2011). How recreation involvement, place attachment and conservation commitment affect environmentally responsible behavior. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(7), 895–915.
- Lee, Y.-K., Lee, C.-K., Lee, S.-K., & Babin, B. J. (2008). Festivalscapes and patrons’ emotions, satisfaction, and loyalty. Journal of Business Research, 61(1), 56–64.
- Lewicka, M. (2005). Ways to make people active: The role of place attachment, cultural capital, and neighborhood ties. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(4), 381–395.
- Lewicka, M. (2011). Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(3), 207–230.
- Low, S. M., & Altman, I. (1992). Place attachment: A conceptual Inquiry. In I. Altman & S. M. Low (Eds.), Place attachment. (pp. 1-12). New York, NY: Springer.
- Mackellar, J. (2009). Dabblers, fans and fanatics: Exploring behavioural segmentation at a special-interest event. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 15(1), 5–24.
- Mair, J. (2014). Events as proenvironmental learning spaces. Event Management, 18(4), 421–429.
- Mair, J., & Laing, J. H. (2013). Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: The role of sustainability-focused events. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(8), 1113–1128.
- Manzo, L. C. (2005). For better or worse: Exploring multiple dimensions of place meaning. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(1), 67–86.
- Manzo, L. C., & Devine-Wright, P. (2013). Place attachment: Advances in theory, methods and applications. Retrieved from http://UQL.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1344604.
- Marion, J. L., & Reid, S. E. (2007). Minimising visitor impacts to protected areas: The efficacy of low impact education programmes. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(1), 5–27.
- Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (1999). Designing qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Masterson, V., Stedman, R., Enqvist, J., Tengö, M., Giusti, M., Wahl, D., & Svedin, U. (2017). The contribution of sense of place to social-ecological systems research: A review and research agenda. Ecology and Society, 22(1), 49–63.
- McAlexander, J. H., Schouten, J. W., & Koenig, H. F. (2002). Building brand community. Journal of Marketing, 66, 38–54.
- McKenzie-Mohr, D. (2000). New ways to promote proenvironmental behavior: Promoting sustainable behavior: An introduction to community-based social marketing. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 543–554.
- McKercher, B., Prideaux, B., Cheung, C., & Law, R. (2010). Achieving voluntary reductions in the carbon footprint of tourism and climate change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3), 297–317.
- Mick, D. G. (1996). Are studies of dark side variables confounded by socially desirable responding? The case of materialism. Journal of Consumer Research, 23(2), 106–119.
- O'Rourke, S., Irwin, D., & Straker, J. (2011). Dancing to sustainable tunes: An exploration of music festivals and sustainable practices in Aotearoa. Annals of Leisure Research, 14(4), 341–354.
- Özdemir, G., & Çulha, O. (2009). Satisfaction and loyalty of festival visitors. Anatolia, 20(2), 359–373.
- Pitts, S. E., & Spencer, C. P. (2008). Loyalty and longevity in audience listening: Investigating experiences of attendance at a chamber music festival. Music and Letters, 89(2), 227–238.
- Porter, B. E., Leeming, F. C., & Dwyer, W. O. (1995). Solid waste recovery: A review of behavioral programs to increase recycling. Environment and Behavior, 27(2), 122–152.
- Proshansky, H. M. (1978). The city and self-identity. Environment and Behavior, 10(2), 147–169.
- Proshansky, H. M., Fabian, A. K., & Kaminoff, R. (1983). Place-identity: Physical world socialization of the self. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3(1), 57–83.
- Ramkissoon, H., Smith, L. D. G., & Weiler, B. (2013a). Relationships between place attachment, place satisfaction and pro-environmental behaviour in an Australian national park. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(3), 434–457.
- Ramkissoon, H., Smith, L. D. G., & Weiler, B. (2013b). Testing the dimensionality of place attachment and its relationships with place satisfaction and pro-environmental behaviours: A structural equation modelling approach. Tourism Management, 36, 552–566.
- Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2010). Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(1), 1–10.
- Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative influences on altruism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 221–279.
- Sparks, P., & Shepherd, R. (1992). Self-identity and the theory of planned behavior: Assesing the role of identification with “green consumerism”. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55(4), 388–399.
- Stern, P. C. (2000). New environmental theories: Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407–424.
- Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Human Ecology Review, 6(2), 81–97.
- Strauss, A. (1978). A social world perspective. Studies in Symbolic Interaction, 1(1), 119–128.
- Stryker, S., & Burke, P. J. (2000). The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 284–297.
- Takahashi, B., & Selfa, T. (2015). Predictors of pro-environmental behavior in rural American communities. Environment and Behavior, 47(8), 856–876.
- Tonge, J., Ryan, M. M., Moore, S. A., & Beckley, L. E. (2014). The effect of place attachment on pro-environment behavioral intentions of visitors to coastal natural area tourist destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 54(6), 730–743.
- Tyler, O. (2004). Litter abatement & resource recovery program. Big Day Out report. Glebe, NSW: BIEC.
- Unruh, D. R. (1980). The nature of social worlds. Pacific Sociological Review, 23(3), 271–296.
- Vaske, J. J., & Kobrin, K. C. (2001). Place attachment and environmentally responsible behavior. The Journal of Environmental Education, 32(4), 16–21.
- Wakefield, S. E. L., Elliott, S. J., Cole, D. C., & Eyles, J. D. (2001). Environmental risk and (re)action: Air quality, health, and civic involvement in an urban industrial neighbourhood. Health & Place, 7(3), 163–177.
- Walker, G. J., & Chapman, R. (2003). Thinking like a park: The effects of sense of place, perspective-taking, and empathy on pro-environmental intentions. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 21(4), 71–86.
- Williams, D. R., & Roggenbuck, J. W. (1989). Measuring place attachment: Some preliminary results. Paper presented at the NRPA Symposium on Leisure Research, San Antonio, TX.
- Williams, D. R., & Vaske, J. J. (2003). The measurement of place attachment: Validity and generalizability of a psychometric approach. Forest Science, 49(6), 830–840.
- Zhang, Y., Zhang, H.-L., Zhang, J., & Cheng, S. (2014). Predicting residents’ pro-environmental behaviors at tourist sites: The role of awareness of disaster's consequences, values, and place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 131–146.