Tourism enterprises in Indonesia and the fourth industrial revolution – are they ready?

References

• ADB. (2020). Innovate Indonesia unlocking growth through technological transformation. Asian Development Bank (ADB).
   Google Scholar
• Agarwal, V., Eloot, K., & Patel, A. (2019). Moving past the ‘pilot trap’ to unleash industry 4.0 in Indonesia. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/moving-past-the-pilot-trap-to-unleash-industry-4-0-in-indonesia (Accessed 18 October 2019).
   Google Scholar
• ASEAN. (2020). ASEAN declaration on digital tourism. Jakarta, Association of Southeast Asian Nations. https://asean.org/storage/2020/11/8-ASEAN-Declaration-on-Digital-Tourism_FINAL.pdf (Accessed 5 February 2021).
   Google Scholar
• Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2020). Tourism. https://www.bps.go.id/subject/16/pariwisata.html#subjekViewTab3 (Accessed 6 February 2021).
   Google Scholar
• Buhalis, D. (2020). Technology in tourism-from information communication technologies to eTourism and smart tourism towards ambient intelligence tourism: A perspective article. Tourism Review, 75(1), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2019-0258
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhalis, D., & Moldavska, I. (2021). In-room voice-based AI digital assistants transforming On-site Hotel Services and guests’ experiences. In W. Wörndl, C. Koo, & J. L. Steinmetz (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2021 proceedings of the ENTER 2021 eTourism conference (pp. 30–44). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Buhr, D. (2015). Social Innovation policy for industry 4.0. Bonn. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Dhakal, S. P. (2021). Accommodation & food Services sector. In A. Nankervis, J. Connell, A. Montague, & J. Burgess (Eds.), The Fourth Industrial Revolution. What does it mean for Australian industry? (pp. 73–92). Springer Nature.
   Google Scholar
• Dhakal, S. P., Dahal, D., & Dahal, S. (2020). Nepal. In A. Nankervis, J. Connell, & J. Burgess (Eds), The future of work in Asia and beyond: A technological revolution or evolution? (pp. 167–183). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dhakal, S. P., & Tjorko, S. P. (2020). Travel and tourism workforce planning and development for sustainable development in Indonesia. In K. Dayaram, L. Lambey, J. Burgess, & T. W. Afrianty (Eds.), Developing the workforce in an emerging economy: The case of Indonesia (pp. 165–176). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• EIU. (2018). The automation readiness index: Who is ready for the coming wave of automation? Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Limited.
   Google Scholar
• FAETHM. (2020). Technology impacts on the Australian workforce. ACS. https://www.acs.org.au/insightsandpublications/redirect-20200626.html?report=technologyImpactsOnTheAustralianWorkforce (Accessed 19 July 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Fritz, R. L., & Vandermause, R. (2018). Data collection via in-depth email interviewing: Lessons from the field. Qualitative Health Research, 28(10), 1640–1649. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732316689067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanov, S. (2020). The impact of automation on tourism and hospitality jobs. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(2), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00175-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2017). Adoption of robots, artificial intelligence and service automation by travel, tourism and hospitality companies - a cost-benefit analysis [Paper presentation]. International Scientific Conference “Contemporary Tourism - Traditions and Innovations”, Sofia University, Bulgaria.
   Google Scholar
• Kao, E. (2018). Can Indonesia’s Komodo dragons survive Chinese tourists? The South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/society/article/2142613/can-indonesias-komodo-dragons-survive-chinese-tourists (Accessed 2 October 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Manggarai Barat Regency Statistics Bureau (MBRSB). (2018). Number of populations aged 15 years and over who worked by industrial origin and sex in Manggarai Barat. https://manggaraibaratkab.bps.go.id/ (Accessed 6 February 2021).
   Google Scholar
• Minghetti, V., & Buhalis, D. (2010). Digital divide in tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3), 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509346843
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagy, D., Schuessler, J., & Dubinsky, A. (2016). Defining and identifying disruptive innovations. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.11.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nankervis, A., Connell, J., Cameron, R., Montague, A., & Prikshat, V. (2021). ‘Are we there yet?’ Australian HR professionals and the Fourth Industrial revolution. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 59(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. (2020). OECD tourism trends and policies 2020. OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Oktadiana, H., & Pearce, P. L. (2017). The “bule” paradox in Indonesian tourism research: Issues and prospects. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(11), 1099–1109. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2017.1374987
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ollivaud, P., & Haxton, P. (2019). Making the most of tourism in Indonesia to promote Sustainable regional development. OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Osei, B. A., Ragavan, N. A., Mensah, H. K., & Kandappan, B. (2020). Hospitality revolution 4.0: A literature review on a unified typology of IR 4.0 technologies for the tourism and hospitality industry in the era of COVID-19. Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism, 9(1), 25–45. https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resource/pt/covidwho-1396244?lang=en
   Google Scholar
• Peceny, U. S., Urbančič, J., Mokorel, S., Kuralt, V., & Ilijaš, T. (2019). Tourism 4.0: Challenges in marketing a paradigm shift. In M. Reyes (Ed.), Consumer behaviour and marketing (pp. 1–19). IntechOpen.
   Google Scholar
• Pencarelli, T. (2020). The digital revolution in the travel and tourism industry. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(3), 455–476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-019-00160-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rydzik, A., & Kissoon, C. S. (2021). Decent work and tourism workers in the age of intelligent automation and digital surveillance. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1928680
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial revolution. the World Economic Forum.
   Google Scholar
• Shalannanda, W., Rustiandy, W., Abhesa, R. A., Pangestu, D. A., Prawira, D. Y. A., Nurmalita, V., … Saputra, A. (2020). Application for rural internet access services logistics travel duration in Indonesia. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (pp. 1–5). IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, G. D., Thomas, A., & Paul, J. (2021). Reviving tourism industry post-COVID-19: A resilience-based framework. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stankov, U., & Gretzel, U. (2020). Tourism 4.0 technologies and tourist experiences: A human-centered design perspective. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(3), 477–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00186-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stylos, N., Fotiadis, A. K., Shin, D. D., & Huan, T. C. T. (2021a). Beyond smart systems adoption: Enabling diffusion and assimilation of smartness in hospitality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 98, 103042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stylos, N., Zwiegelaar, J., & Buhalis, D. (2021b). Big data empowered agility for dynamic, volatile, and time-sensitive service industries: The case of tourism sector. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(3), 1015–1036. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2020-0644
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subawa, N. S., Widhiasthini, N. W., Astawa, I. P., Dwiatmadja, C., & Permatasari, N. P. I. (2021). The practices of virtual reality marketing in the tourism sector, a case study of Bali, Indonesia. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1870940
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2019). The first-level digital divide shifts from inequalities in physical access to inequalities in material access. New Media & Society, 21(2), 354–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818797082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dijk, J. (2005). The deepening divide: Inequality in the Information society. Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Vatan, A., & Dogan, S. (2021). What do hotel employees think about service robots? A qualitative study in Turkey. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100775
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J. Q., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEF. (2019). The global competitiveness report. the World Economic Forum (WEF).
   Google Scholar
• WTTC. (2018). Travel and tourism Economic impact 2018 ASEAN. World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC).
   Google Scholar