Visualising diverse religious performances: the “sacred” and the “profane” in Zimbabwean football

References

• Bailey, E. 1998. Implicit Religion: An Introduction . London : Middlesex University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, E. 2002. The Secular Faith Controversy: Religion in Three Dimensions . London : Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Bain-Selbo, E. 2009. Game Day and God: Football, Faith, and Politics in the American South . Macon, GA : Mercer University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, A. 1998. “Sports, Films, History, and Identity.” Journal of Sport History 25 (2): 217–33.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, W. 2007. Playing with God: Religion and Modern Sport . Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674020443 .
   Google Scholar
• Baller, S. , G. Miescher , and C. Rassool . 2012. “Visualizing the Game: Global Perspectives on Football in Africa.” Soccer and Society 13 (2): 139–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2012.640498.
   Google Scholar
• Ballou, R. B. 1973. “Analysis of the Writings of Selected Church Fathers to A.D. 394 to Reveal Attitudes regarding Physical Activity.” In History of Sport and Physical Education to 1900: Selected Topics , edited by E. F. Zeigler , 187–99. Champaign, IL : Stipes.
   Google Scholar
• Barthe, C. 2013. “ In illo tempore, at the Center of the World: Mircea Eliade and Religious Studies’ Concepts of Sacred Time and Space.” Historical Social Research 38 (3): 59–75.
   Google Scholar
• Benn, T. , G. Pfister , and H. Jawad , eds. 2010. Muslim Women and Sport . London : Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brasch, R. 1972. How Did Sports Begin? A Look at the Origins of Man . London : Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Bryman, A. 2012. Social Research Methods . Oxford : Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chandler, J. 1992. “Sport Is not a Religion.” In Sport and Religion , edited by S. Hoffman , 55–61. Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Chikafa, R. 2014. “Zimbabwean Female Audiences: Negotiating Engendered Spaces in the 2010 FIFA World Cup.” In African Football, Identity Politics and Global Media Narratives , edited by T. Chari and N. A. Mhiripiri , 106–20. London : Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137392237.0014.
   Google Scholar
• Chiweshe, M. K. 2011. “Understanding the Processes of Becoming a Football Fan in an African Context: The Case of Dynamos Football Club Fans in Zimbabwe.” Soccer and Society 12 (2): 174–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2011.548354.
   Google Scholar
• Chiweshe, M. 2014. “One of the Boys: Female Fans’ Responses to the Masculine and Phallocentric Nature of Football Stadiums in Zimbabwe.” Critical African Studies 6 (2–3): 211–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681392.2014.940077 .
   Google Scholar
• Clifford, J. 1988. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth Century Ethnography, Literature and Art . Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Daimon, A. 2010. “The Most Beautiful Game or the Most Gender Violent Sport? Exploring the Interface between Soccer, Gender and Violence in Zimbabwe.” In Gender, Sport and Development in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Patterns of Representation and Marginalisation , edited by J. Shehu , 1–12. Dakar : CODESRIA.
   Google Scholar
• Das, N. K. 2006. “Cultural Diversity, Religious Syncretism and People of India: An Anthropological Interpretation.” Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology 3 (2): 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Eliade, M. 1959. The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion . London : Harvest/HBJ.
   Google Scholar
• Eliade, M. 1961. Images and Symbols. London : Harvill Press.
   Google Scholar
• Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1976. Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande . Oxford : Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Forney, C. A. 2007. The Holy Trinity of American Sports: Civil Religion in Football, Baseball and Basketball . Macon, GA : Mercer University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fumanti, M. 2012. “Black Chicken, White Chicken: Patriotism, Morality and the Aesthetics of Fandom in the 2008 African Cup of Nations in Ghana.” Soccer and Society 13 (2): 264–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2012.640506.
   Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life . Garden City, NY : Doubleday.
   Google Scholar
• Goh, D. P. S. 2009. “Introduction: Religious Syncretism and Everyday Religiosity in Asia.” Asian Journal of Social Science 37: 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853109X385367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttman, A. 2004. From Ritual to Record: The Nature of Modern Sports . New York : Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hargreaves, J. 2007. “Sport, Exercise, and the Female Muslim Body: Negotiating Islam, Politics and Male Power.” In Physical Culture, Power, and the Body , edited by J. Hargreaves and P. Vertinsky , 74–101. London : Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Herald Sun . 2013. “Losing Zimbabwe Soccer Team Cries Foul over Use of ‘Juju’ Witchcraft by Opponents.” November 19, 2013. Accessed November 15, 2017. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/football/losing-zimbabwe-soccer-team-cries-foul-over-use-of-juju-witchcraft-by-opponents/story-fni2wcjl-1226763972337 .
   Google Scholar
• Hesse-Biber, S. N. , and P. Leavy . 2006. The Practice of Qualitative Research . London : Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Higgs, R. J. , and M. C. Braswell . 2004. An Unholy Alliance: The Sacred and Modern Sports . Macon, GA : Mercer University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, S. , ed. 1992. Sport and Religion . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, S. 2007. Good Game: Christianity and the Culture of Sports . Waco, TX : Baylor University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hyland, D. A. 1990. Philosophy of Sport . New York : Paragon House.
   Google Scholar
• Kaminju, A. , and T. Ndlovu . 2011. “Playing from the Terraces: Notes on Expressions of Football Fandom in South Africa.” African Identities 9 (3): 307–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2011.591230.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, P. , ed. 2012. Catholic Perspectives on Sports: From Medieval to Modern Times . Mahwah, NJ : Paulist Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leopold, A. M. 2004. Syncretism in Religion. London : Equinox Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Makanda, T. , and F. Viriri . 2014. “Dembare Gobbles US$14000 on Sangomas.” Gemazo magazine.
   Google Scholar
• McLeod, H. 2012. “Sport and Religion in England, 1790–1914.” In Sports and Christianity: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives , edited by N. J. Watson and A. Parker , 112–30. London : Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ncube, L. 2014a. “The Beautiful Game? Football, Power, Identities and Development in Zimbabwe.” PhD diss., University of Kwa-Zulu Natal.
   Google Scholar
• Ncube, L. 2014b. “The Interface between Football and Ethnic Identity Discourses in Zimbabwe.” Critical African Studies 6 (2–3): 192–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681392.2014.951153.
   Google Scholar
• Ncube, L. , D. McCracken , and M. H. Engh . 2013. “More than Just a Game? Football, Ethnicity, and Gender Identity Discourses in Zimbabwe.” Journal of Gender and Religion in Africa 19 (2): 29–53.
   Google Scholar
• Overman, S. 2011. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Sport . Macon, GA : Mercer University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pannenborg, A. 2008. How to Win a Football Match in Cameroon: An Anthropological Study of Africa’s Most Popular Sport . Leiden : African Studies Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, A. , and N. J. Watson . 2014. “Sport and Religion: Culture, History and Ideology.” Movement and Sport Sciences 86, 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1051/sm/2013063.
   Google Scholar
• Ramsey, M. 1977. Holy Spirit: A Biblical Study . Michigan : William B. Eerdmans.
   Google Scholar
• Ringmar, E. 2014. “Performance, Not Performativity: An Embodied Critique of Post-Structural IR Theory.” Paper presented at Performativity and Agency in International Politics, Goethe University, Frankfurt/ Main, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, T. 2004. “Religion Losing to Youth Sports on Weekends.” The Boston Globe, February 16, 2004. Accessed November 22, 2017. http://archive.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2004/02/16/religion_losing_to_youth_sports_on_weekends/ .
   Google Scholar
• Schechner, R. 2006. Performance Studies: An Introduction . New York : Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Scholes, J. , and R. Sassower . 2014. Religion and Sports in American Culture . New York : Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Shilling, S. , and P. A. Mellor . 2014. “Re-Conceptualizing Sport as a Sacred Phenomenon.” Sociology of Sport Journal 31: 349–76. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2013-0034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. Z. 1972. “The Wobbling Pivot.” The Journal of Religion 52 (2): 134–49. https://doi.org/10.1086/486294.
   Google Scholar
• Spradley, J. P. 1980. Participant Observation . New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, K. 2015. “Origins of the Sacred: A Conversation between Eric Gans and Mircea Eliade.” Anthropoetics 20 (2). Accessed November 22, 2017. http://anthropoetics.ucla.edu/ap2002/2002Stewart/ .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, C. , and R. Shaw , eds. 1994. Syncretism/Anti-Syncretism: The Politics of Religious Synthesis . London : Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203451090.
   Google Scholar
• Stuart, O. 1995. “Players, Workers and Protestors: Social Change and Soccer in Colonial Zimbabwe.” In Sport, Identity and Ethnicity , edited by J. MacClancy , 167–80. Oxford : Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, V. 1987. The Anthropology of Performance . New York : PAJ Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Vidacs, B. 2006. “Through the Prism of Sports: Why Should Africanists Study Sports?” Afrika Spectrum 41 (3): 331–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, N. J. , and A. Parker , eds. 2012. Sports and Christianity: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives . New York : Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Willems, W. 2013. “‘Zimbabwe Will Never Be a Colony Again’: Changing Celebrating Styles and Meanings of Independence.” Anthropology Southern Africa 36 (1–2): 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/23323256.2013.11500040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zenenga, P. 2012. “Visualising Politics in African Sport: Political and Cultural Constructions in Zimbabwean Soccer.” Soccer and Society 13 (2): 250–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2012.640505.
   Google Scholar