Challenging the Lion in Its Den: Dilemmas of Gender and Media Activism in South Africa

References

• Adams , M. 2006 . “ Regional women's activism ” . In Global feminism , Edited by: Ferree , M. M. and Tripp , A. M. 187 – 218 . New York : New York University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Antrobus , P. 2004 . The global women's movement: Origins, issues and strategies , London : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Basu , A. 2003 . “ Globalization of the local/localization of the global: Mapping transnational women's movements ” . In Feminist theory reader , Edited by: McCann , C. R. and Kim , S.-K. 68 – 79 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action . Fourth World Conference on Women .
   Google Scholar
• Beijing Platform for Action . Isis-International and Women Action 2000 . Alternative assessment of women and media based on NGO reviews of Section J , Retrieved October 12, 2004
   Google Scholar
• Berger , G. 2002 . Theorizing the media democracy relationship in Southern Africa . International Communication Gazette , 64 ( 1 ) : 21 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Brems , E. 1997 . Enemies or allies? Feminism and cultural relativism as dissident voices in human rights discourse . Human Rights Quarterly , 19 : 136 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunch , C. 2001 . “ Women's human rights: The challenges of global feminism and diversity ” . In Feminist locations: Global and local, theory and practice , Edited by: Dekoven , M. 129 – 146 . Piscataway, NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Byerly , C. and Ross , K. 2006 . Women & media: A critical introduction , Malden, MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Cock , J. 1997 . “ Women in South Africa's transition to democracy ” . In Transitions environments translations: Feminisms in international politics , Edited by: Scottt , J. W. 310 – 333 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Cock , J. and Bernstein , A. 2001 . Gender differences: Struggles around “needs” and “rights” in South Africa . NWSA Journal , 13 ( 3 ) : 138 – 151 .
   Google Scholar
• De Jong , W. , Shaw , M. and Stammers , N. , eds. 2005 . Global activism, global media , London : Pluto Press .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , J. 2006 . Towards a women's media movement . Rhodes Journalism Review , 26 : 22 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Epstein , E. J. 1973 . News from nowhere , New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Fishman , M. 1980 . Manufacturing the news , Austin : University of Texas Press .
   Google Scholar
• 2008 . Freedom of the Press , Freedom house . Retrieved June 26, 2009
   Google Scholar
• Gadzekpo , A. 2009 . Missing links: African media studies and feminist concerns . Journal of African Media Studies , 1 ( 1 ) : 69 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher , M. 2001 . Gender setting: New agendas for media monitoring and advocacy , London : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Gans , H. J. 1979 . Deciding what's news , New York : Pantheon .
   Google Scholar
• Geisler , G. 2004 . Women and the remaking of politics in Southern Africa , Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet .
   Google Scholar
• Gitlin , T. 1981 . The whole world is watching: Mass media and the making & unmaking of the New Left , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• 2007 . GL Annual Report Retrieved July 4, 2008
   Google Scholar
• 2008 . GL Annual Report Retrieved July 3, 2009
   Google Scholar
• 2009 . GL Annual Report Retrieved July 5, 2009
   Google Scholar
• 2007 . GL Policies and Regulations Copy obtained from GL
   Google Scholar
• 2007 . GL Strategy and Action Plan, 2007–2010 Copy obtained from GL
   Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. 1991 . The structural transformation of the public sphere , Edited by: Burger , T. Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hackett , R. A. and Carroll , W. K. 2006 . Remaking media: The struggle to democratize public communication , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hassim , S. 2002 . A conspiracy of women”: The women's movement in South Africa's transition to democracy . Social Research , 69 ( 3 ) : 693 – 732 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter-Gault , C. 2006 . New news out of Africa: Uncovering Africa's renaissance , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kemp , A. , Madlala , N. , Moodley , A. and Salo , E. 1995 . “ The dawn of a new day: Redefining South African feminism ” . In The challenge of local feminism: Women's movements in global perspective , Edited by: Basu , A. 131 – 162 . Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kovach , B. and Rosenstiel , T. 2007 . The elements of journalism: What newspeople should know and the public should expect , New York : Three Rivers Press .
   Google Scholar
• Landes , J. B. , ed. 1998 . Feminism, the public and the private , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lang , S. 1997 . “ The NGOization of feminism ” . In Transitions environments translations: Feminisms in international politics , Edited by: Scottt , J. W. 101 – 120 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Lovaas , S. 2007 . South Africa, media and market . Media Development , 4 : 42 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Made , P. A. Gender and media accountability: Case studies of Inter Press Service (IPS) mainstreaming project and the Gender and Media Southern Africa Network (GEMSA) Movement . Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication . San Antonio, Texas, USA. August 11 .
   Google Scholar
• McChesney , R. , Newman , R. and Scott , B. , eds. 2005 . The future of media , New York : Seven Stories Press .
   Google Scholar
• Meer , S. 2005 . Freedom for women: Mainstreaming gender in the South African liberation struggle and beyond . Gender and Development , 13 ( 2 ) : 36 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Meintjes , S. 2005 . Gender equality by design: The case of South Africa's Commission on Gender Equality . Politikon , 32 ( 2 ) : 259 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikell , G. 2003 . “ African feminism: Toward a new politics of representation ” . In Feminist theory reader , Edited by: McCann , C. R. and Kim , S.-K. 103 – 112 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Minnie , J. and Mapuwaenda , A. 2006 . Organisational evaluation of GL Copy obtained from GL
   Google Scholar
• Mohanty , C. T. 2003 . Feminism without borders: Decolonizing theory, practicing solidarity , Durham, NC : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morna , C. L. , ed. 2001 . Whose news? Whose views? Southern Africa: Gender in media handbook , Johannesburg : Gender Links .
   Google Scholar
• Opoku-Mensah , A. 2001 . March on: African feminist media studies . Feminist Media Studies , 1 ( 1 ) : 25 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Pozner , J. 2005 . “ Reclaiming the media for a progressive feminist future ” . In Media Development Vol. 3 , 12 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• 2008 . Reporters without borders . Press Freedom Index , Retrieved June 26, 2009
   Google Scholar
• Rao , A. and Kelleher , D. 2005 . Is there life after gender mainstreaming? . Gender and Development , 13 ( 2 ) : 57 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Sakr , N. 2004 . Friend or foe? Dependency theory and women's media activism in the Arab Middle East . Critical Middle Eastern Studies , 12 ( 2 ) : 153 – 174 .
   Google Scholar
• Sandler , J. 2008 . “ Imagine media that promotes gender justice ” . In Media Development Vol. 4 , 14 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Schudson , M. S. 2003 . The sociology of news , New York : W. W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Shoemaker , P. J. and Reese , S. D. 1996 . Mediating the message , 2nd ed. , White Plains, N.Y. : Longman Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Sparks , C. 2009 . South African media in transition . Journal of African Media Studies , 1 ( 2 ) : 195 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steady , F. C. 2005 . “ An investigative framework for gender research in Africa in the new millennium ” . In African gender studies , Edited by: Oyewumi , O. 313 – 331 . New York : Palgrave Macmilllan .
   Google Scholar
• Steyn , E. and De Beer , A. S. 2004 . The level of journalism skills in South African media: A reason for concern within a developing democracy? . Journalism Studies , 5 ( 3 ) : 387 – 397 .
   Google Scholar
• Steyn , M. 1998 . A new agenda: Restructuring feminism in South Africa . Women's Studies International Forum , 21 ( 1 ) : 41 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teer-Tomaselli , R. , Wasserman , H. and De Beer , A. S. 2007 . “ South Africa as a regional media power ” . In Media on the move: Global flow and contra-flow , Edited by: Thussu , D. K. 153 – 164 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Tiessen , R. 2007 . Everywhere and nowhere: Gender mainstreaming in development agencies , Bloomfield, CT : Kumarian Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tripp , A. M. 2003 . Women in movement: Transformations in African political landscapes . International Feminist Journal of Politics , 5 ( 2 ) : 233 – 255 .
   Google Scholar
• Tripp , A. M. 2006 . “ The evolution of transnational feminisms: Consensus, conflict, and new dynamics ” . In Global feminism , Edited by: Ferree , M. M. and Tripp , A. M. 51 – 78 . New York : New York University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tuchman , G. 1978 . Making news: A study in the construction of reality , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wasserman , H. 2008 . Attack of the killer newspapers! . Journalism Studies , 9 ( 2 ) : 786 – 797 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendoh , S. and Wallace , T. 2005 . Re-thinking gender mainstreaming in African NGOs and communities . Gender and Development , 13 ( 2 ) : 70 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) , Gallagher , M. and Media Monitoring Project (MMP), South Africa . 2005 . Who makes the news? Global Media Monitoring Project, 2005
   Google Scholar