124
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Brief report

Influence of water application levels and plant densities on the plasticity of canola in the central Free State, South Africa

, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 77-84 | Received 15 Sep 2021, Accepted 29 Oct 2021, Published online: 07 Jun 2022

References

  • Abdelraouf RE, El-Shawadfy MA, Dewedar OM, Hozayn M. 2021. Improving yield and water productivity of canola under irrigation frequency of N-fertilisation. Asian Journal of Plant Science 20:143–156.
  • Angadi SV, Cutforth HW, McConkry BG, Gan Y. 2003. Yield adjustment by canola at different plant populations under semi-arid conditions. Crop Science 43: 1358–1366.
  • ARC-SCW. 2020. Agrometeorological data base. Pretoria: Agricultural Research Council – Soil, Climate and Water.
  • Begna SH, Angadi SV. 2016. Effects of planting date on winter canola growth and yield in Southwestern U.S. America Journal of Plant Sciences 7: 201–2017.
  • Botha JJ, Van Rensburg LD, Anderson JJ, Hensley M, Macheli MS, Van Staden PP, Kunhlande G, Groenewalt DG, Baiphethi MN. 2003. Water conservation techniques on small plots in semi-arid areas to enhance rainfall efficiency, food security and sustainable crop production. WRC report No. 1176/1/03. Pretoria: Water Research Commission.
  • Champolivier L, Merrien A. 1996. Effects of water stress applied at different growth stages to Brassica napus L. var. oleifera on yield, yield components and seed quality. European Journal of Agronomy 5: 153–160.
  • Clayton G, Turkington K, Harker N, O’Donovan J, Johnston A. 2000. High yielding canola production in Western Canada. Better Crops 84: 26–27.
  • DAFF. 2019. A profile of the South African canola market value chain. Pretoria: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
  • DAFF. 2020. Production guideline for canola. Pretoria: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
  • Daun JK.2011. Origin, distribution, and production. In: Daun JK, Eskin NAM, Hickling D (eds), Canola: chemical, production, processing, and utilization. Urbana IL: AOCS Press.
  • De Kock J. 2018. Development plan for canola – 2018. Pretoria: Protein Research Foundation.
  • Dogan E, Copur O, Kahramanb A, Kirnah H, Guldier ME. 2011. Supplemental irrigation effect on canola yield components under semiarid climatic conditions. Agricultural Water Management 98: 1403–1408.
  • Farre ′I, Faci JM. 2006. Comparative response of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L. Moench) to deficit irrigation in a Mediterranean environment. Agricultural Water Management 83: 135143.
  • Fereres E, Soriano, MA. 2007. Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Journal of Experimental Botany 58: 147–159.
  • FERTASA. 2016. Fertilizer handbook (8th edn). Pretoria: Fertilizer Association of South Africa.
  • Fey MV. 2010. Soils of South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Galal S. 2021. Production of canola in South Africa 2000–2019. Hamburg: Statistica GmbH.
  • Gill KS. 2018. Crop rotation compared with continuous canola and wheat for crop production and fertilizer use over 6 yr. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98: 1139–1149.
  • Hammond R. 2011. Agronomy. In: Daun JK, Eskin NAM, Hickling D (eds), Canola: chemistry, production, processing, and utilization. Urbana IL: AOCS Press.
  • Hanks RJ. 1976. Model for predicting plant yield as influenced by water use. Agronomy Journal 66:660–665.
  • Hardy MB, Wallace MG. 2013. Determining the area of arable land suited to canola production in the Western Cape (vols 1 and 2). Elsenburg: Western Cape Department of Agriculture. https://www.proteinresearch.net/imgs/crops/canola/general-info/western-cape-canola-production-areas-vol-1.pdf; https://www.proteinresearch.net/imgs/crops/canola/general-info/western-cape-canola-production-areas-vol-2.pdf
  • Harker KN, O’Donovan JT, Smith EG, Willenborg CJ, Johnson EN, Peng G, Gulden RH, Mohr R, Gill KS, Grenkow LA. 2015. Seed size and seeding rate effects on canola emergence, development, yield and seed weight. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95: 1–8.
  • Hintze JL. 1998. Number cruncher statistical system – NCSS 2000. Kaysville UT: NCSS.
  • Ilbeyi A, Ustun H, Oweis T, Pala M, Benli B. 2006. Wheat water productivity and yield in a cool highland environment: effect of early sowing with supplemental irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 82: 399–410.
  • Ismail SM. 2016. Maximizing production and irrigation water productivity of canola crop (Brassica napus L.) under arid land conditions. Irrigation and Drainage 65(3): 254–263. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.1956
  • Kamkar B, Daneshmand AR, Gooshchi F, Shiranirad AH, Laroudi AR. 2011. The effects of irrigation regimes and nitrogen rates on some agronomic traits of canola under semiarid environment. Agricultural Water Management 98: 1005–1012.
  • Koocheki A, Malhalliti MN, Moradi R, Mansoori H. 2014. Optimizing water, nitrogen and crop density in canola cultivation using response surface methodology and central composite design. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 60: 286–298.
  • Luo X, Ma C, Yue Y, Hu K, Li Y, Duan Z, Wu M, Tu J, Shen J, Yi B, Fu T. 2015. Unravelling the complex trait of harvest index in rapeseed (Canola brassica L) with association mapping. BMC Genomics 16: 379.
  • Nazeri P, Rad AMS, Valad Abadi SA, Mirakhori M, Masoule EH. 2018. Effect of sowing dates and late season water deficit stress on quantitative and qualitative traits of canola cultivars. Outlook on Agriculture 47: 291–297.
  • Ozer H. 2003. The effect of plant densities on growth, yield, and yield components of two spring rapeseed cultivars. Plant Soil Environment 49: 422–426.
  • Rao MSS, Mendham WJ. 1991. Comparison of chinola (Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera x subsp. chinenois) and B. rapa oilseed rape using different growth regulators, plant population densities and irrigation treatments. Journal Agricultural Science, Cambridge 103: 303–316.
  • Richard RA, Thurlong N. 1978. Variation between and within species of rapeseeds (B. campetris and B. rapa) in response to drought stress. 1. Sensitivity at different stages of development. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 29: 469–477.
  • Soil Classification Working Group. 1991. Soil classification – a taxonomic system for South Africa. Memoirs of the National Agricultural Resources for South Africa No.15. Pretoria: Department of Agriculture.
  • Soriano MA, Villalobos FJ, Fereres E. 2002. Stress timing effects on sunflower harvest index. In: Villalobos FJ, Testi L (eds), VII Congress of the European Society for Agronomy: 141–142. Sevilla: JA Consejer ′ıa de Agricultura y Pesca.
  • Steduto P, Hsiao TC, Fereres E. 2007. On the conservative behaviour of biomass water productivity. Irrigation Science 25: 189–207.
  • Steduto P, Hsiao TC, Raes D, Fereres E. 2009. AquaCrop – the FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water: I. Concepts and underlying principles. Agronomy Journal 101: 426–437.
  • Tesfamariam H, Annandale JG, Steyn JM. 2010. Water stress effects on winter canola growth and yield. Agronomy Journal 102: 658–666.
  • USDA. 2021. South Africa: oilseeds and products annual. Washington DC: Foreign Agriculture Science – United States Department of Agriculture.
  • Xu LK, Hsiao TC. 2004. Predicted vs. measured photosynthetic water use efficiency of crops stands under dynamically changing field environments. Journal of Experimental Botany 55: 2395–2411.
  • Yantal G, Harker KN, Kutcher HR, Gulden RH, Irvine B, May WE, O’Donovan JT. 2016. Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96: 151–159.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.