- Quotation marks note the contested nature of the term ‘Coloured’ here but is not repeated at each reference
- Hirson , B. 1989 . Yours for the Union: Class and Community Struggles in South Africa 3 London
- Ibid., 137
- Central Archives Depot Pretoria (hereafter CAD) . 1916 . Government Native Labour Bureau (hereafter GNLB), 418 85/1, J.H. Sheard for the Provincial Secretary to E.P. Adams, Inspector of Native Affairs, Johannesburg, 16 Nov.
- 1924 . CAD, GNLB, 418 85/1, Memorandum from the AHC to the Transvaal Administrator and Provincial Council, Mar.
- CAD, GNLB, 418 85/2, Memorandum to the Young Committee, Submitted by Major Herbert Sutton Cooke, Director of Native Labour, Johannesburg, 2
- CAD, GNLB, 418 85/2, Young Committee, Minutes of Evidence, Evidence of James Ntsala, Secretary of the Alexandra Health Committee, 31
- 1920 . CAD, GNLB, 418 85/1, Sub-Native Commissioner, Witwatersrand to Director of Native Labour, Johannesburg, 22 Dec.
- CAD, GNLB, 418 85/2, Young Committee, Minutes of Evidence, Evidence of James Ntsala, Secretary of the Alexandra Health Committee, 29
- 1926 . CAD, GNLB, 419 85/4, Alexandra Township Voters Roll
- 1920 . CAD, GNLB, 419 85/4, Records of elections during s
- CAD, GNLB, 418 85/2, Young Committee, Minutes of Evidence, Evidence of Alfred Percy Dickinson, 124
- 1935 . University of the Witwatersrand, Church of the Province of South Africa Archive (hereafter CPSA), AD843/RJ/L7 (File 2), Letter from T.D. Nel for the Alexandra Coloured Associated Associations to J.D. Rheinallt Jones, 18 Nov.
- Apr. 1978 . Apr. , 172 – 94 . See S. Marks, ‘Natal, the Zulu Royal Family and the Ideology of Segregation’, Journal of Southern African Studies 4, 2 (and S. Marks, The Ambiguities of Dependence in South Africa: Class, Nationalism and the State in Twentieth Century Natal (Johannesburg, 1986);N. Cope, ‘The Zulu Petit Bourgeoisie and Zulu Nationalism in the 1920s: Origins of Inkatha’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 16, 3 (Sep. 1990), 431–51
- 1912–1948 . For more on this issue, see J. Nauright, ‘Black Island in a White Sea’: Black and White in the Making of Alexandra Township, South Africa (PhD thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, 1992), 61–9
- 1922 . CAD, GNLB, 41885/1, Letter to Provincial Secretary from Deputation of Alexandra Township residents, 18 Dec. The categories of ‘Sotho’ and ‘Xhosa’ incorporated a number of distinct groups based on linguistic similarity and geographical proximity
- 1923 . AHC Chairman and Sub-Native Commissioner, Major Harlan Bell identified Mart Zulu, Gompo and Mposho as the leaders of the protest movement. See CAD, GNLB, 418 85/1, Harlan F. Bell, Sub-Native Commissioner, Witwatersrand to the Director of Native Labour, 7 Feb., 2
- 1923 . CAD, GNLB, 418 85/1, Sub-Native Commissioner, Witwatersrand to Director of Native Labour, Re: Grievances of certain residents, 7 Feb., 1
- Ibid., 1–2
- 1924 . CAD, GNLB, 419 85/4, Reports of election results, 17 Sep., 17 Sep. 1926, 27 Sep. 1928
- 1923 . CAD, GNLB, 418 85/1, Bell to the Director of Native Labour, Re: Grievances of certain residents, 7 Feb., 2
- Cobley , A. G. 1990 . Class and Consciousness: The Black Petty Bourgeoisie in South Africa, 1924–1950 74 – 5 . Westport, Ct (83
- 1924 . CAD, GNLB, 360 197/24, Report on ‘Umpini ka Zulu’, which identifies Mart Zulu as Chairman. The Mpini ka Zulu was the Transvaal branch of Inkatha ka Zulu. Also, see Ilanga Lase Natal, 22 Aug., which also lists Mart Zulu as Chairman of the Johannesburg branch of Mpini ka Zulu (The Pickhandle of the Zulus)
- Vail , L. , ed. 1989 . Inkatha 216 – 17 . For a discussion of the founding of, see S. Marks, ‘Patriotism, Patriarchy and Purity: Natal and the Politics of Zulu Ethnic Consciousness’, in, ed., The Creation of Tribalism in Central and Southern Africa (Portsmouth, N.H.,;see also Marks, Ambiguities of Dependence, 69–71
- 1937 . CAD, K80, Police Commission of Enquiry, Minutes of Evidence, Evidence of E.P. Mart Zulu, C.S. Ramohanoe, J.T. Ntsala and J.L. Mposho, 29 Apr., 7701–7702
- 1924 . CAD, GNLB, 418 85/1, Alexandra Health Committee Memorandum to Provincial Secretary, Mar., pp. 6–8
- 1924 . CAD, GNLB, 418 85/1, Chairman of the Alexandra Health Committee to the Secretary for Native Affairs, Feb., p. 2
- For more on the smallpox scare, official reaction and Dr. Murray's investigation, see Chapters 3 and 5 in Nauright, ‘Black Island in a White Sea’
- 1925 . CAD, GNLB, 418 85/1, Memorandum of the Sub-Native Commissioner, Johannesburg, 10 Nov., pp. 1–2
- 1916 . CAD, JUS 234 3/460/16, H.B. Papenfus, Chairman of the Alexandra Township Company Ltd. to the Director of Native Labour, 22 June
- 1925 . CAD, GNLB, 418 85/1, Memorandum of Sub-Native Commissioner, Johannesburg, 10 Nov., p. 2
- Marks . The Ambiguities of Dependence 38
- Dubow , S. 1989 . Racial Segregation and the Origins of Apartheid in South Africa, 1919–36 2 – 3 . Basingstoke
- 1920–1958 . See H. Sapire, ‘African Urbanisation and Struggles Against Municipal Control in Brakpan’ (PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, 1988), 43;M. Swanson, ‘The “Sanitation Syndrome”: Bubonic Plague and Urban Native Policy in the Cape Colony 1900–09’, Journal of African History, 18, 3 (1977), 387–410
- Dubow discusses this belief in Racial Segregation, 31
- 1925 . CAD, GNLB 418 85/1, Memorandum of Sub-Native Commissioner, Johannesburg, 10 Nov.,3
- Ibid., 3–4
- Ibid., 5–6
- 1990 . Racial Segregation; For a fuller discussion of official segregationist ideology, see Dubow, and A. Ashforth, The Politics of Official Discourse in Twentieth-Century South Africa (Oxford, for Stallard's contribution, see T.R.H. Davenport, ‘The Triumph of Colonel Stallard’, South African Historical Journal, 2 (1970), 77–96
- CAD, GNLB, 418 85/2, Young Committee Minutes of Evidence, Evidence of Herbert Sutton Cooke, Sub-Native Commissioner, Johannesburg, 148–9
- CAD, GNLB, 418 85/2, Young Committee Memorandum of Herbert Sutton Cooke, Director of Native Labour, Johannesburg, 12
- Ibid., 15–16
- Ibid, 16
- Ibid, 17
- Ibid, 149–50
- Dubow . Racial Segregation 13
- 1925 . CAD, GNLB, 418 85/1, Memorandum of Sub-Native Commissioner, Johannesburg, 10 Nov., 6–7
- CAD, GNLB, 418 85/2, Young Committee Minutes of Evidence. Evidence of James Ntsala, Secretary of the Alexandra Health Committee, 30
- CAD, GNLB, 418 85/2, Young Committee Minutes of Evidence, Evidence of G. Grimmer, 8
- CAD, GNLB, 418 85/2, Young Committee, Memorandum to the Committee by the Alexandra Township Ltd., 7–8
- Dubow . Racial Segregation 92–4
- 1926 . CAD, GNLB, 418 85/2, Director of Native Labour to the Secretary for Native Affairs, 19 Feb.
- 1929 . CAD, TPB, 1139 TALG 15/8933 pt. 1, Memorandum re: the Young Committee from the Provincial Secretary, 9 Sep., 2–3
- Ibid., 1
- CAD, GNLB, 418 85/2, Young Committee Minutes of Evidence, 182
- CAD, GNLB, 418 85/2, Young Committee, Minutes of Evidence, Evidence of Mr. Ramsbot-tom, representing the AHC, 185–6
- Ibid., 187
- 1937 . CAD, Transvaal Province 6—Report of the Johannesburg and Germiston Boundaries Commission (Part 3), (Feetham Commission), Annexure C. Report of the Alexandra Township Inquiry Committee (Young Committee) 1928–29, 90
- Ibid., 91
- Ibid, 92
- Ibid, 95
- 1929 . CAD, TPB, 1139 TALG 15/8933 pt. 1, Memorandum re: the Young Committee from the Provincial Secretary, 9 Oct.
- Ibid., 5
- 1930 . Isaiah Bud Mbelle was ANC Secretary General and a prominent member of the emerging black petty bourgeoisie, and was an unofficial advisor and consultant on ‘Native Affairs’ in the NAD until his retirement in, although his grading in the NAD was only ‘Senior Native Clerk’: information from Cobley, Class and Class Consciousness, 56 n. 100. Mbelle must have become AHC secretary upon leaving the NAD in 1930, perhaps because his daughter had married Richard William Msimang, a lawyer resident in Alexandra
- 1931 . CAD, TPB, 1136 TALG 3/8933 pt. 1, Report from A.P. Maclahlan, Local Government Auditor to the Acting Local Government Inspector, 5 Aug., 1–2
- 1931 . CAD, TPB, 113915/8933 pt. 2, Director of Native Labour, Johannesburg to the Secretary for Native Affairs, re: Alexandra Health Committee, 26 Nov.
- Ibid.
- Ibid., 1–2
- 1932 . CAD, TPB, 1139 15/8933 pt. 2, Magistrate of Johannesburg to the Transvaal Provincial Secretary, 18 Apr.
- 1932 . CAD, TPB, 1139 15/8933 pt. 2, Alexandra Township Standholders Committee to the Administrator of the Transvaal, 30 Mar.
- 1932 . CAD, TPB, 1139 15/8933 pt. 2, Johannesburg Magistrate to the Transvaal Provincial Secretary, 18 Apr.
- 1932 . CAD, TPB, 1139 15/8933 pt.2, Standholders Committee to the Administrator of the Transvaal, 4 Apr., p. 1
- Ibid., p. 1
- Ibid., pp. 1–2
- 1935 . Constitution of the Alexandra Township Standholders Protection and Vigilance Association 34 Alexandra Township: Spes Bona Printing Works Names derived from various correspondence of the Association as well as from the (For further information on these groups see Chapters 4, 5, and 6 in Nauright, ‘Black Island in a White Sea’
- 1931 . CAD, TPB, 113915/8933 pt.2, Director of Native Labour to Secretary for Native Affairs. Re: Alexandra Health Committee, 26 Nov., 4–5
- Ibid., 4–5
- Ibid., 5–6
South African Historical Journal
Volume 43, 2000 - Issue 1