126
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
FEATURE: CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

‘Praying is the Work of Men, Not the Work of Women’: The Response of Bahananwa and Vhavenda Women to Conversion in Late Nineteenth-Century Lutheran Missionary Territories

&
Pages 316-335 | Published online: 08 May 2009

References

  • Bawenda-Freund , 1896 and 1897 .
  • Berliner Missionsberichte , 1869–1891 .
  • Berlin Mission Archives , Tagebuch der Station bei Tschewase (Carl Beuster)
  • Bureau for Economic Research Co-operation and Development and the Institute for Development Studies , Rand Afrikaans University , The Independent Venda Pretoria : Benso , 1979 .
  • Gasa , N. , Women in South African History Cape Town : HSRC Press , 2007 .
  • Gottschling , E. , ‘The Bawenda: A Sketch of their History and Customs’ , Addresses and Papers Read at the Joint Meeting of the British and South African Associations for the Advancement of Science held in South Africa, 1905, III Johannesburg : South African Association for the Advancement of Science , 1905 .
  • Hastings , A. 1993 . “Were Women a Special Case?” . In Women and Missions: Past and Present , Edited by: Bowie , F. , Kirkwood , D. and Ardener , S. Providence : Berg .
  • Hodgson , D. 2005 . The Church of Women: Gendered Encounters between Maasai and Missionaries , Bloomington & Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
  • Jooste , G.J. , ‘Ras, Volk en Politiek in die Berlynse Sendinggenootskap’ ( DD thesis, University of Pretoria , 1996 .
  • Kirkaldy , A. 2004 . ‘Consuming Christianity: Deconstructing Missionary Accounts of Cannibalism in Vendaland in the Late Nineteenth Century’ . Historia , 49 ( 1 ) : 12 – 26 .
  • Kirkaldy , A. 2005 . Capturing the Soul: The Vhavenda and the Missionaries , Pretoria : Protea Book House .
  • Kirkaldy , A. and Kriel , L. 2006 . ‘Converts and Conservatives: Berlin Mission Representations of Khosi August Makhahane and Kgoši Matsiokwane Leboho in the Northern Transvaal, c. 1870–1900’ . Le Fait Missionaire: Social Sciences & Missions , 18 : 109 – 144 .
  • Kriel , L. 2004 . ‘Tini's Testimony: The Significance of a Meticulously Recorded Case of Sexual Abuse on a Transvaal Mission Station, 18 88–18 93’ . Berliner Theologische Zeitschrift , 21 ( 2 ) : 271 – 284 .
  • Kriel , L. 2007 . ‘A Space too Vast and Silent? German Deaconesses and the Patriarchy of the Berlin Mission in Apartheid Transvaal’ . Comparativ , 17 ( 5/6 ) : 55 – 75 .
  • Kriel , L. 2009 . ‘The ‘Malaboch’ Books: Kgaluši in the ‘Civilization of the Written Word’ , Stuttgart : Franz Steiner .
  • Landau , P. 1995 . The Realm of the World: Language, Gender and Christianity in a South African Kingdom , Portsmouth, N.H : Heinemann .
  • Makhura , T.J. 1993 . ‘The Bagananwa Polity in the North-Western Transvaal and the South African Republic, c. 1836–1896’ , Mmabatho : MA dissertation, University of Bophuthatswana .
  • Makhura , T.J. , ‘The Role of Women in the Boer-Bagananwa War, 1894–1895 ’ ( Paper presented at the South African Historical Society Biennial Conference, Rhodes University, 2–6 July 1995 .
  • McKittrick , M. 2002 . To Dwell Secure: Generation, Christianity, and Colonialism in Ovamboland , Portsmouth, NH : Heinemann .
  • Sauberzweig-Schmidt , G. , Klaas Kuhn, ein Missionar aus den Hottentotten, Vierte Auflage, Dornen und Ähren vom Missionsfelde Nr. V Berlin : Buchhandlung der Berliner evangelischen Missions- Gesellschaft , n.d . .
  • Stayt , H.A. 1931 . The Bavenda , London : Oxford University Press .
  • Wangemann , H.T. 1881 . Südafrika und seine Bewohner , Berlin : Selbstverlag des Missionshauses .
  • Warneck , G. 1892 . Evangelische Missionslehre , Gotha : Perthes .
  • Wessmann , R. , The Bawenda of the Spelonken (Transvaal): A Contribution towards the Psychology and Folk-lore of African Peoples, translated from the German original text by L. Weinthal London : The African World Ltd , 1908 .
  • Zöllner , L. and Heese , J.A. 1984 . The Berlin Missionaries in South Africa and their Descendents , Pretoria : Human Sciences Research Council .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.