- Vedder , H. 1934 . Das alte Süwestafrika Berlin
- Goldblatt , I. 1971 . South West Africa. From the Beginning of the 19th Century Cape Town
- Loth , H. 1963 . Die Cnristliche Mission in Südwestafrika. Zur destruktiven Rolle der Rheinischen Missionsgesellschaft beim Prozess der Staatsbildung in Südwestafrika Berlin (See also Christopher Saunders, 'Toward the Decolonization of Namibian History: Notes on Recent Work in English’ (paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, Boston, 1983)
- Lau , B. 1982 . ‘The Emergence of Kommando Politics in Namaland, Southern Namibia, 1800–1870’ (unpub. M.A. thesis, University of Cape Town
- Lau , B. 1986 . ‘Conflict and Power in Nineteenth-Century Namibia’ . Journal of African History , 27 See also (29–39
- Kienetz , A. 1977 . ‘The Key Role of the Orlam Migrations in the Early Europeanisation of South West Africa (Namibia)’ . International Journal of African Historical Studies , 10 For the etymology of the term Oorlam see(4) (554
- Moorsom , Richard . 1973 . See, 'Colonisation and Proletarianisation: An Exploratory Investigation of the Formation of the Working Class in Namibia under German and South African Colonial Rule to 1945’ „M.A. thesis, University of Sussex
- Frank , A. G. 1969 . Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America New York G. Kay, Development and Underdevelopment. A Marxist Analysis (London, 1975);W. Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (London, 1972);I. Wallerstein, The Modern World System (New York, 1974)
- Lau . ‘The Emergence’, 61–8
- Ibid. 72 – 90 .
- Ibid. , 75 76, 82, 126;B. Lau, Jonker Afrikaner's Time (Windhoek, 1987): 9 10. Significantly, these references to supposedly rich livestock-breeders are all based on different missionary accounts of one journey in 1820. These accounts are not representative of the majority of mission reports. Another quotation (Lau, Jonker Afrikaner's Time 14) is not based on the European traveller's direct observation: see John Campbell, Travels in South Africa (London, 1815): 300–11
- Seidenfaden , J. 26 June 1811 . 26 June , For instance: Cape Archives (CA), records of the London Missionary Society (LMS) on microfilm (letters and journals sent to the LMS directors), Cape Town,;A.a.Chr. Albrecht, Warmbad, 24 August 1808
- Monod , Theodore , ed. 1975 . Pastoralism in Tropical Africa 117 London ed.
- Lau . ‘The Emergence’, 167
- Ibid. 354
- Taylor , John . 1979 . From Modernization to Modes of Production: A Critique of the Sociologies of Development and Underdevelopment London
- Penn , Nigel . 1986 . “ ‘Pastoraliscs and Pastoralism in the Northern Cape Frontier Zone during the Eighteenth Century’ ” . Edited by: Martin Hall and Smith , Andrew B. in, eds., Prehistoric Pastoralism in Southern Africa (South African Archaeological Society, Goodwin Series), 5 (62–8
- Giliomee , H. 1979 . “ ‘The Eastern Frontier, 1770–1812' ” . In The Shaping of South African Society, 1652–1820 Edited by: Elphick , R. and Giliomee , H. 291 – 337 . Cape Town For the development of the concept of the frontier zone, see: in, eds.,;H. Giliomee, 'Processes in Development of the South African Frontier’, in H. Lamar and L. Thompson, eds., The Frontier in History: North America and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 76–119;M. Legassick, 'The Griqua, the Sotho-Tswana, and the Missionaries, 1780–1840: The Politics of a Frontier Zone’ (unpub. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, 1969);see also M. Legassick, 'The Northern Frontier to 1820: The Emergence of the Griqua People’, in Elphick and Giliomee, The Shaping 243 90
- Alexander , J. E. 1838 . An Expedition of Discovery into the Interior of Africa. Through the Hitherto Undescribed Countries of the Great Namaquas, Boschmans, and Hill Damaras Vol. 1 , London On the withdrawal of Schmelen from Bethany, for instance, it is clear that factions both of Oorlams and of Nama supported the missionary. Apart from Schmelen's accounts in the LMS records, see also(vol., 251–3
- See the journals and letters of the missionary Michael Wimmer in Little Namaqualand between 1825 and 1834 in the LMS records. See also the journals of the Wesleyan missionary E. Cook at Warmbad between 1838 and 1840 in the records of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society (WMMS) on microfilm in the Cory Library, Grahamstown
- The Vlermuis family was mentioned in many missionary journals: e.g. LMS: Chr. Albrecht's journal (Cape Town), 10 December 1811;Schmelen's journal (Pella), 12 April 1814;Schmelen's journal (Journey from Pella), 13 April-1 June 1814;Bartlett's letter (Pella), 8 September 1823;WMMS: Cook's letter (Nisbet Bath/Great Namaqualand), 27 November 1838;Cook's journal (Visit from Nisbet Bath to Ameral's Residence), 1840. See also: R.L. Cope, ed., The Journals of the Rev. T.L. Hodgson. Missionary to the Seleka-Rolong and the Griquas 1821–1831 (Johannesburg, 1977), 192–3, 229
- Afrikaner's attack on the Warmbad station occurred at a time when the Afrikaner Oorlams attempted to establish regular trading relations among Tswana, Griqua and Khoisan in Transorangia. Afrikaner used the missionary Johann Seidenfaden at Pella as an intermediary for trade connections with the Cape. The attack on the mission station was an act of revenge, because Afrikaner was led to believe that the missionaries were involved in attempts to disturb these trade relations. See, for instance: LMS, Vanderkemo 30 October 1811 (no day) December 1811
South African Historical Journal
Volume 20, 1988 - Issue 1