- Plus94 Research ‘Project Law: Demographic Survey of South Africa's Large Corporate Law Firms’ (2013) <http://www.lssa.org.za/upload/Project%20Law_Report_20130520_Final_Revised.pdf>.
- Ibid.
- LSSA ‘Further Submissions by the Law Society of South Africa on the Legal Practices Bill’ (2013) <http://www.lssa.org.za/upload/Further%20submissions%20by%20the%20LSSA%20on%20the%20Legal%20Practice%20Bill%20May%202013.pdfhttp://www.lssa.org.za/upload/Further%20submissions%20by%20the%20LSSA%20on%20the%20Legal%20Practice%20Bill%20May%202013.pdf>.
- C du Plessis ‘A new old boys’ club?’ City Press (2014) <http://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/A-new-old-boys-club-20150429> 8.
- CALS ‘Transformation of the Legal Profession: Report’ (2014) 18 De Rebus) 211.
- The ‘legal profession’ is broadly defined to include private sector attorneys and advocates (including, those working in public interest legal non-governmental organisations, NGOs), and in the public sector, prosecutors, state attorneys, state advocates, magistrates and judges. The requirements to be considered to be included in this definition include, amongst others, the possession of a formal legal qualification. See definition in S Godfrey ‘The Legal Profession: Transformation and Skills’ (2009) 126 SALJ 91, 92.
- The World Bank rated South Africa's Gini coefficient at 0.67 in 2006 <http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI>.
- StatsSA ‘Employment, Unemployment, Skills and Economic Growth: An Exploration of Household Survey Evidence on Skills Development and Unemployment Between 1994 and 2014’ (2014) <http://www.statssa.gov.za/presentation/Stats%20SA%20presentation%20on%20skills%20and%20unemployment_16%20September.pdf>.
- Njabulo Ndebele speech at Steve Biko Memorial Lecture (2000) <http://www.njabulondebele.co.za/images/uploads/finding_a_way_through_confusion_green.pdf>.
- Minister of Finance v Van Heerden 2004 (11) BCLR 1125 (CC) 29.
- Ibid.
- Adopting the broad definition of black as contained in the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act 53 of 2003.
- 2000 (11) BCLR 1169 (CC) (Grootboom).
- Ibid para 23.
- S Terreblanche Lost in Transformation: South Africa's Search for a New Future Since 1986 (2012).
- P Bond ‘From Racial to Class Apartheid - South Africa's Frustrating Decade of Freedom’ (2004) 55 Monthly Review <http://monthlyreview.org/2004/03/01/south-africas-frustrating-decade-of-freedom-from-racial-to-class-apartheid/> 45.
- See discussion in part III of this article.
- World Bank ratings (note 7 above).
- ‘Neo-liberalism’ is defined here as a system advocating for a largely unregulated capitalist regime or ‘free market economy’, that allows for optimum economic performance with respect to efficiency, economic growth, technical progress, and distributional justice. State intervention to correct market failures is viewed with suspicion, as the state is viewed as an instrument to benefit groups who control it. The state is therefore curtailed to playing a limited role in social development, largely in respect to defining property rights, enforcing contracts and regulating the money supply. See definition in D Kotz ‘Globalization and Neoliberalism’ (2002) 12(2) Rethinking Marxism 64–79.
- Bond (note 16 above).
- Ibid.
- L VeneKlasen, V Miller, C Clark & M Reilly ‘Rights-based Approaches and Beyond: Challenges of Linking Rights and Participation’ (2004) <https://www.ids.ac.uk/files/Wp235.pdf>.
- Ibid.
- D Acemoglu & D Autor ‘Chapter 1: The Basic Theory of Human Capital’ London School of Economics Lecture Series (2011) <http://economics.mit.edu/files/4689>.
- Ibid.
- L Tikly & A Barrett ‘Social Justice, Capabilities and the Quality of Education in Low Income Countries’ (2009) EdQual Working Paper 18, University of Bristol, UK <http://www.edqual.org/publications/workingpaper/edqualwpl8.pdf/at_download/file.pdf>.
- Ibid.
- UNDP ‘Human Development Report 1997’ Oxford University Press (1997) 82.
- R Harris & P Lauderdale ‘Globalization, Neoliberalism and Post-apartheid South Africa’ (2002) 37 J of Asian and African Studies 422.
- H Sommerlad ‘Minorities, Merit and Misrecognition in the Globalised Profession’ (2012) 80 Fordham LR) 2481, 2481–509.
- MEM Barak Managing Diversity: Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace 3 ed (2014) 234–51.
- Ibid 240.
- Ibid 248.
- Ibid 248–49.
- J Klaaren ‘Current Demographics in Large Corporate Law Firms in South Africa’ (2015) 8 African J of Legal Studies 174, 180.
- D Seymour & J Pincus ‘Human Rights and Economics: The Conceptual Basis for their Complementarity’ (2008) 26 Development Policy Review 387.
- ML Friedman ‘The Law and Society Movement’ (1986) 38 Stanford LR 763.
- S Irlam ‘Unraveling the Rainbow: The Remission of Nation in Past-apartheid Literature’ (2004) 103 The South Atlantic Quarterly 695.
- A Habib ‘South Africa - The Rainbow Nation and Prospects for Consolidating Democracy’ (1997) 2(2) African Association of Political Science 15.
- Ibid.
- Ibid 19.
- Van Heerden (note 10 above) 26.
- Ibid 39.
- PG Padayachee ‘A Study of Affirmative Action and Employment Equity in Higher Education Institutions in KwaZulu-Natal’ (2003) <http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09302005-091600/>.
- Ibid.
- L Ashley et al ‘A Qualitative Evaluation of Non-educational Barriers to the Elite Professions’ (2015) Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission, United Kingdom.
- SW Burger Affirmative Action: The (Missing) Link Between Benefit and Disadvantage’ (2014) reviewed by D Visagie The Times.
- K Crenshaw ‘Race, Reform, and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Antidiscrimination Law’ (1988) 101 Harvard LR 1331,1371–372.
- JM Modiri ‘Transformation, Tension and Transgression: Reflections on the Culture and Ideology of South African Legal Education’ (2013) 24 Stellenbosch LR 455,455–56.
- D Chard ‘An Inquiry into the Ideological Coherence of Black Economic Empowerment’ (n.d.) <http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/6857/David%20Chard_9704073E_MA%20Research%20Report.pdf?sequence=2> 7–8.
- GN 1019 GG) 36928 (11 October 2013).
- J Jeffery ‘Keynote Address by the Deputy Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development at the Launch of the SEJA Programme’ (2014) <http://www.justice.gov.za/m_speeches/2014/20141210_SEJA.html>.
- K Ahmed ‘Mind the values gap: do we really believe in the Constitution?’ (2014) The Daily Maverick <http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2014-07-01-mind-the-values-gap-do-we-really-believe-in-the-constitution/#.VMDw7csaLIU>.
- For example, see the definition of ‘fronting practices’ in the BBBEEA.
- Van Heerden (note 10 above) 73.
- Noting the seminal cases of August v Electoral Commission 1999 (4) BCLR 363 (CC) (prisoners’ right to vote) in the development of civil and political rights; and Grootboom (note 13 above).
- CALS (note 5 above).
- Ibid.
- Godfrey (note 6 above) 91, 118–20.
- D Kennedy ‘Legal Education as Training for Hierarchy’ (1982) J of Legal Education) 591, 595–96.
- I Smuts ‘On Transformation and the Legal Profession’ address to NGO Ndifuna Ukwazi (2013) <http://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/on-transformation-and-the-legal-profession-izak-s>.
- See Chapter 2 read with Chapter 10 of the LPA.
- Godfrey (note 6 above) 102–03.
- D Kennedy ‘The Political Significance of the Structure of the Law School Curriculum’ (1983) 14 Seton Hall LR 1,9–14.
- Modiri (note 49 above) 474.
- P Freire Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1970) 106–07; see also Kennedy (note 64 above) 8–9.
- Freire (ibid) 71.
- Ibid 95.
- Ibid 50.
- Modiri (note 49 above) 458.
- J Jansen Knowledge in the Blood: Confronting Race and the Apartheid Past (2009) 256–58.
- Freire (note 66 above) 83.
- Ibid 49.
- Kennedy (note 60 above) 591.
- Freire (note 66 above) 74.
- Law Society of South Africa ‘Report on LLB Summit: Legal Education in Crisis’ (2013) <http://www.lssa.org.za/upload/Report%20on%20LLB%20Summit%2029%20May%202013_amended.pdf>.
- Ibid.
- Wits ‘Changes to Undergraduate LLB’ (2014) <http://www.wits.ac.za/newsroom/newsitems/201404/23367/news_item_23367.html>.
- Ibid.
- Modiri (note 49 above) 455–63.
- United Nations ‘Round Table: Dialogue among Civilizations United Nations, New York, 5 September Provisional Verbatim Transcription’ (2000) <http://www.unesco.org/dialogue/en/lewis.htm>.
- CALS (note 5 above).
- K Prah ‘Challenges to the Promotion of Indigenous Languages in South Africa’ (2006) <http://www.casas.co.za/FileAssets/NewsCast/misc/file/204_CV_Challenges%20to%20the%20Promotion%20of%20Indidegous%20Languages%20in%20Sou_.pdf> 3.
- In this context culture may be defined as ‘people's store of knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws and customs, in other words everything that humans acquire by virtues of being members of a society’, as described by TW Bennett Customary Law in South Africa (2004) 79.
- Prah (note 83 above).
- As mandated by s 6 of the Constitution.
- See s 6(2) of the Constitution.
- Prah (note 83 above).
- South Africa. Info ‘The Languages of South Africa’ (2014) <http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/language.htm#.VcNhA_mqpBc>.
- K Wale ‘Confronting Exclusion: Time for Radical Reconciliation; SA Reconciliation Barometer Survey: 2013 Report’ (2013) <http://reconciliationbarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/1JR-Barometer-Report-2013-22Nov1635.pdf> 16.
- Prah (note 83 above).
- Jeffery (note 52 above).
The Fiction of Transformation: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Law, Society and the Legal Profession in South Africa
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