- Huntington , Samuel . 1991 . ne Third Wave: Democratisation in the Late Twentieth Century , Oklahoma : Oklahoma University Press .
- Gendzel , G. 1997 . 'Political Culture: Genealogy of a Concept' . Journal of Interdisciplinary History , 28 (2) : 227
- Gibson , J. L. , Duch , R. M. and Tedin , K. L. 1992 . 'Democratic Values and the Transformation of the Soviet Union' . The Journal of Politics , 54 (2) : 329 – 69 .
- Rose , R. 1994 . 'Rethinking Civil Society: Post Communism and the Problem of Trust' . Journal of Democracy , 5 (3) : 18 – 30 .
- Gouws , A. 1993 . 'Political Tolerance and Civil Society: The Case of South Africa' . Politikon , 20 (1) : 15 – 31 .
- Gnther , R. , Diamandaurus , P. N. and Puhle , H. , eds. 1995 . The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective , Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press .
- Diamond , L. 1999 . Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation , Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press .
- Whitehead , L. 1989 . “ 'Consolidation of Fragile Democracies' ” . In Democracy in the Americas: Stopping the Pendulum , Edited by: Pastor , R. 76 – 7 . New York : Holmes and Meier .
- Pridhman , G. 1990 . Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe , 8 London : Routledge .
- Apter , D. E. 1991 . 'Institutionalism Reconsidered' . International Social Science Journal , 43 (129) : 464 – 481 .
- Diamond , L. , Lipset , S. M. and Linz , J. J. 1987 . 'Building and Sustaining Democratic Government in Developing Countries: Some Tentative Findings' . World Affairs , 150 (1) : 5 – 19 .
- Lechner , N. 1991 . 'The Search for Lost Community: Challenges to Democracy in Latin America' . International SocialScience Journal , 43 (129) : 541 – 53 .
- MacLeod , A. 1990 . “ 'The Parties and th Consolidation of Democracy in Portugal: The Emergence of a Dominant Two-Party System' ” . In Democratic Transition and Consolidation in Southern Europe, Latin America and South East Asia , Edited by: Either , D. 321 – 8 . London : Macmillan .
- Lijphart , H.A. 1990 . “ 'Electoral Systems, Party Systems and Conflict Management in Segmented Societies' ” . In Critical Choices for South Africa. An Agenda for the 1990s , Edited by: Schrire , R. 2 – 13 . Cape Town : Oxford University Press .
- Biais , A. and Dion , S. 1990 . “ 'Electoral Systems and the Consolidation of New Democracies' ” . Edited by: Either , D. 250 – 66 . op. cit.
- Riggs , F. W. 1997 . 'Presidentialism versus Parliamentarism: Implications for Representativeness and Legitimacy' . International Political Science Review , 18 (3) : 253 – 78 .
- Hagopian , F. 1990 . 'Democracy by Undemocratic Means? Elites, Political Pacts and Regime Transition in Brazil ' . Comparative Political Studies , 23 (2) : 149 – 52 .
- Lipset , S. M. 1959 . 'Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy' . American Political Science Review , 53 : 69 – 105 .
- Giner , S. and Sevilla , E. 1980 . “ 'From Despotism to Parliamentarism: Class Domination and Political Order in the Spanish State' ” . In The State in Western Europe , Edited by: Scase , R. London : Croom Helm .
- Hermet , G. 1990 . “ 'From one Europe to the Other: From Liberal Authoritarianism to Authoritarian Dmocratisation' ” . Edited by: Ethier , D. 236 – 58 . op. cit.
- Linz , J. J. and Stepan , A. 1996 . Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America and Post-Communist Europe , Baltimore and London : Johns Hopkins University Press .
- Schmitter , P. 1985 . “ 'The Consolidation of Political Democracy in Southern Europe (and Latin America)' ” . 10 unpublished manuscript
- Przeworski , A. 1991 . Democracy end Market: Political and Economic Reform in Eastern Europe and Latin America , 23 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- O'Donnell , G. 1996 . 'Illusions about Consolidation' . Journal of Democracy , 7 (2) : 38
- Pridhman , G. 1995 . “ 'The International Context of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective' ” . In The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective , Edited by: Gunter , R. , Diamandaurus , P. N. and Puhle , H. 169 Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press .
- Huntington , S. P. 1993 . The Third Wave. Democratisation in the Late Twentieth Century , 266 – 7 . London : Oklahoma Press .
- Dahrendorf , R. 1990 . Reflections on the Revolutions in Europe , 74 London : Chatto .
- Mainwaring , S. 1992 . “ Transitions to Democracy and Democratic Consolidation: Theoretical and Comparative Issues' ” . In Issues in Democratic Consolidation: The New South American Democracies in Comparative Perspectives , Edited by: Mainwaring , S. , O'Donnell , G. and Valenzuela , J. S. 306 Notre Dame : University of Notre Dame Press .
- Diamond , L. 1996 . 'Is the Third Wave Over?' . Journal of Democracy , 7 (3) : 33 italics added
- 1999 . El Pa'ts , 7 July
- McCoy , J. L. 1999 . 'Chvez and the End of "Partyarchy" in Venezuela' . Journal of Democracy , 10 (3) : 64 – 5 .
- Tocqueville , A. 1969 . Democracy in America , Vol. II , 8 New York : Anchor .
- Almond , G. A. and Verba , S. 1963 . The Civic Culture , 13 Princeton : Princeton University Press .
- Street , J. 1994 . 'Review Article: Political Culture-From Civic Culture to Mass Culture' . British Journal of Political Science , 24 (1) : 98
- Barry , B. 1978 . Sociologist, Economist and Democracy , 49 – 50 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
- Rice , T. W. and Feldman , J. L. 1997 . 'Civic Culture and Democracy from Europe to America' . The Journal of Politics , 59 (4) : 1144
- Oldfield , A. 1990 . Citizenship and Community. Civic Republicanism and the Modern World , London : Routledge .
- Welch , S. 1993 . The Concept of Political Culture , 30 – 44 . London : Macmillan .
- Inglehart , R. 1990 . Cultural Shift in Advanced Industrial Societies , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
- Lagos , M. 1997 . 'Latin America's Smiling Mask' . Journal of Democracy , 8 (3) : 125 – 38 .
- Putnam , R. D. , Leonardi , R. , Nanetti , R. Y. and Pavoncello , F. 1983 . 'Explaining Institutional Success: The Case of Italian Regional Government' . American Political Science Review , 77 : 55 – 74 .
- Putnam , R. D. 1993 . Making Democracy Work , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
- Inglehart , R. 1975 . 'The Silent Revolution in Europe: Intergenerational Change in Post-Industrial Societies' . American Political Science Review , 65 (4) : 991 – 1017 .
- Inglehart , R. 1988 . "The Renaissance of Political Culture' . American Political Science Review , 82 (4) : 1203 – 30 .
- R. Inglehart (1990), op. cit.
- Seligson , M. A. and Booth , J. A. 1993 . 'Political Culture and Rgime Type: Evidence from Nicaragua and Costa Rica' . The Journal of Politics , 55 (3) : 777 – 92 .
- Dahl , R. A. 1971 . Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition , New Haven : Yale University Press .
- Mishler , W. and Rose , R. 1998 . 'Five Years After the Fall: Trajectories in Support for Democracy in Post-Communist Europe', Studies in Public Policy , 298 Glasgow, , Scotland : University of Strathclyde .
- Rose , R. 1996 . Ex-Communist in Post-Communist Societies' . Political Quarterly , 67 : 14 – 25 .
- Rose , R. 1997 . 'Where are Post-Communist Countries Going' . Journal of Democracy , 8 (3) : 92 – 108 .
- Galston , W. 1991 . Liberal Purposes: Good Virtues and Diversity in the Liberal State , 1 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Kramnick , I. 1982 . 'Republican Revisionism Revisited' . American Historical Review , 87 : 629 – 64 .
- Wilson , J. Q. 1991 . On Character , Washington : American Enterprise Institute .
- Mattes , R. and Thiel , H. 1998 . 'Consolidation and Public Opinion in South Africa' . Journal of Democracy , 9 (1) : 95 – 110 .
- Linz , J. J. and Stepan , A. 1996 . Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America and Post-Communist Europe , 16 Baltimore and London : Johns Hopkins University Press .
- Orizo , A. 1991 . Los Nuevos Valores de los Españoles , 173 – 4 . Madrid : Destino .
- Rose , R. 1984 . National Pride: Cross-National Surveys , Glasgow : Centre for the Study of Public Policy, University of Strathclyde Press .
- Bratton , M. and Mattes , R. 'Support for Democracy in Africa: Intrinsical or Instrumental?', paper presented on a panel on 'What have we Learned about Consolidation?' . the 95th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association . September , Atlanta, GA.
- Bratton and Mattes (1999), ibid., p. 1.
- Rose , R. , Mishler , W. and Haerpfer , C. 1998 . Democracy and Its Alternatives: Understanding Post-Communism Societies , Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press . For instance, Bratton and Mattes (1999), op. cit.; Mattes and Thiel (1998), op. cit.; Rose (1997), op. cit.
- Gibson , J. L. 1996 . 'The Paradoxes of Political Tolerance in Processes of Democratisation' . Politiken , 23 (2) : 3 Gibson et al. (1992), ibid., p. 337; See also
- Sullivan , J. L. , Piereson , J. and Marcus , G. E. 1979 . 'An Alternative Conceptualisation of Political Tolerance: Illusory Increases, 1950s-1970s' . American Political Science Review , 73 : 781 – 94 .
- Mueller , E. N. and Seligson , M. A. 1994 . 'Civic Culture and Democracy: The Question of Causal Relationships' . American Political Science Review , 88 (3) : 17 Sullivan et al. (1982), op. cit., p. 251; see also
- Cohen-Almagor , R. 1995 . 'Liberalism and the Limits of Pluralism' . Terrorism and Political Violence , 7 (2) : 25 – 48 .
- McClosky , H. 1964 . 'Consensus and Ideology in American Polities' . American Political Science Review , 58 : 361 – 82 .
- Nunn , C. A. , Crockett , H. J. and Williams , A. J. 1978 . Tolerance for Nonconformity , San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
- Barnum , D. G. and Sullivan , J. L. 1989 . 'Attitudinal Tolerance and Political Freedom in Britain' . British Journal of Political Science , 19 : 136 – 46 . Sullivan etal. (1979), op. cit.
- Gouws , A. 1991 . “ 'A Study of Political Tolerance in Processes of Democratisation' ” . Champaign : University of Illinois . unpublished Ph.D. dissertationGouws (1993), op. cit., (1996), op. cit.
- Gibson , J. L. and Gouws , A. 1999 . Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa: Attribution of Blame and the Struggle over Apartheid' . American Political Science Review , 93 (3) : 501 – 17 . Gibson and Gouws (1998), op. cit.;
- Gibson , J. 2001 . 'Social Networks, Civil Society, and the Prospects for Consolidating Russia's Democratic Transition' . American Journal of Political Science , 45 (1) : 51 – 68 . On the link between trust and legitimacy, see
- Vujcic , V. 1999 . 'Politicka Kultura: Politicka Potpora' . Politicka Misao , 36 (3) : 101 – 20 .
- Klandermans , B. and Olivier , J. 2000 . “ 'Grievance Formation in a Country in Transition' ” . Amsterdam : Department of Social Psychology, Free University . The data used here (Project on Social Movements in South Africa) has been provided by the Political Science Department of the University of Stellenbosch. These surveys are conducted by the Human Science Research Council of South Africa and were included in their Omnibus Survey, which is conducted twice a year. Surveys used in the present article were all conducted in February. Due to the fact that only one question in the surveys measures trust (in government), the construction of an index is impossible. The questions is as follows: 'How often do you trust the government to do what is right for people like you?'. In 1995 the item was phrased slightly differently: 'How much of the time do you trust the Government of National Unity to do what is right for you?'. The suggested answers were as follows: Not applicable, Never, Seldom, Sometimes, Mostly, and Always. For exact description of the surveys, see unpublished manuscript
- Diamond , L. 'Consolidation Challenges of New Democracies' . paper presented to the Center for Policy Studies . February , Johannesburg. On the importance of trust for democratic consolidation, see also
- Harik , I. 1994 . 'Pluralism in the Arab World' . Journal of Democracy , 5 (3) : 42 – 51 . Moreover (Inglehart (1990), op. cit., p. 32), a correlation between trust and democracy has been empirically demonstrated. One of the reasons given to justify the lack of legitimacy of democratic institutions, and subsequently the collapse of Latin American democracies, is the high level of distrust in this region (Lagos (1997), op. cit., p. 128). Eastern and Central Europe as well as Russia seem to suffer from the same problem (see the already quoted Rose (1994), op. cit., p. 28-9; R. Rose (1997), op. cit., pp. 92-108;
- Fish , M. S. 1994 . 'Russia's Fourth Transition' . Journal of Democracy , 5 (3) : 31 – 42 .
- Rimmerman , C. A. 1991 . 'Democracy and Critical Education for Citizenship' . PS. Political Science and Politics , 24 (3) : 492 – 5 .
- Gottfried , P. 1991 . On Teaching Democratic Values' . Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies , 16 (1) : 59 – 72 .
- Gerrero Gutierrez , E. 1994 . 'Educatión para Ia Ciudadanía o la Creatión de la Democratia: Lectura de John Stuart Mill' . Foro Intemacional , 34 (3) : 457 – 74 .
- Finifter , A. W. and Mickiewicz , E. 1992 . 'Redefining the Political System of the USSR: Mass Support for Political Change' . American Political Science Review , 86 (4) : 865
- Sraolar , A. 1994 . 'The Dissolution of Solidarity' . Journal of Democracy , 5 (1) : 73 – 4 . This was one of the reasons why solidarity in Poland broke up into so many parties;
- Rivero , C. , Toit , P du and Kotzé , HJ. 2003 . Tracking the Development of the Middle Class in Democratic South Africa' . Politeia , forthcoming
- Choose new content alerts to be informed about new research of interest to you
- Easy remote access to your institution's subscriptions on any device, from any location
- Save your searches and schedule alerts to send you new results
- Export your search results into a .csv file to support your research