Complexity Thinking in the Fight Against Corruption: Some Perspectives From South Africa

References

• Abed , G. T. and Gupta , S. 2002 . “ The Economics of Corruption: An Overview ” . In Governance, Corruption, & Economic Performance Edited by: Abed , G. T. and Gupta , S. Available online at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/nft/2002/govern/#chp1
   Google Scholar
• Albrecht , G. 2000 . Directionality Theory: Neo-Organicism and Dialectical Complexity: Democracy & Nature . The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy , 6 ( 3 ) : 401 – 419 .
   Google Scholar
• Ali , A. J. and Gibbs , M. 1998 . Foundation of Business Ethics in Contemporary Religious Thought: The Ten Commandment Perspective . International Journal of Social Economics , 25 ( 10 ) : 1552 – 1564 .
   Google Scholar
• Anechiarico , F. and Jacobs , J. B. 1996 . The Pursuit of Absolute Integrity: How Corruption Controls Make Government Ineffective , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bailey , B. M. 2000 . Anti-Corruption Programming: A Primer . Available online at: http://www.acdicida.gc.ca/INET/IMAGES.NSF/vLUImages/HRDG2/$file/EngPrimer.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bansal , S. C. 2004 . Invisible Wound , New Delhi : Panchsheel Park .
   Google Scholar
• Bovaird , T. 2008 . Emergent Strategic Management and Planning Mechanisms in Complex Adaptive Systems: The Case of the UK Best Value Initiative . Public Management Review , 10 ( 3 ) : 319 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camerer , L. 2001 . Corruption in South Africa: Results of an Expert Panel Survey , Pretoria : Institute of Security Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Carver , J. P. 2003 . Combating Corruption: The Emergence of New International Law . International Law FORUM du Droit International , 5 ( 2 ) : 119 – 123 .
   Google Scholar
• Checkland , P. 1999 . Systems Thinking, Systems Practice , Chichester : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Cilliers , P. 1998 . Complexity and Postmodernism: Understanding Complex Systems , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Cuadrado , R. C. and Arce , J. L.A. 2005 . The Complexity of Corruption: Nature and Ethical Suggestions . (Working Paper No. 05/06) Available online at: www.universidadnavarra.com/econom/files/
   Google Scholar
• Doig , A. and Riley , S. 1998 . Corruption and Anti-Corruption Strategies: Issues and Case Studies from Developing Countries . UNDP, Corruption & Integrity Improvement Initiatives in Developing Countries , Available online at: http://magnet.undp.org/Docs/efa/corruption/Chapter03.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Eagle , G. T. 1998 . Male Crime Victims: The Social and Personal Construction of Meaning in Response to Traumatogenic Events . Unpublished thesis. University of the Witwatersrand
   Google Scholar
• Garofalo , C. , Geuras , D. , Lynch , T. D. and Lynch , C. E. 2001 . Applying Virtue Ethics to the Challenge of Corruption . The Innovation Journal , Available online at: http://www.innovation.cc/scholarly-style/virtue-ethics-corruption.htm
   Google Scholar
• Gell-Mann , M . 2006 . Master of complexity . Time , 167 ( 19 ) : 76
   Google Scholar
• George , N. 2004 . Cyber Traps: An Overview of Crime, Misconduct and Security Risks in the Cyber Environment (Capacity Building Series no. 3) . Available online at: http://www.cmc.qld.gov.au/library/CMCWEBSITE/BC3_Cybertraps.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gildenhuys , J. S.H. 1991 . “ Manifestations of Corruption and Maladministration ” . In Ethics and the Public sector: Speeches and Papers presented at the Second Winelands Conference held at the University of Stellenbosch, 1989 , Edited by: Gildenhuys , J. S.H. Kenwyn : Juta & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Girling , J. 1997 . Corruption, Capitalism and Democracy , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Goldspink , C. and Kayb , R. 2003 . Organisations as Self-Organising and Sustaining Systems: A Complex and Autopoietic Systems Perspective . International Journal of General Systems , 32 ( 5 ) : 459 – 474 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta , S. , Davoodi , H. and Tiongson , E. 1998 . “ Corruption and the Provision of Healthcare and Education Services ” . In The Political Economy of Corruption , Edited by: Jain , A. K. London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hasgall , A. and Shoham , S. 2007 . Digital Social Network, Technology and the Complex Organisational Systems . VINE , 37 ( 2 ) : 180 – 191 .
   Google Scholar
• Heeks , R. 1998 . Information Technology and Public Sector Corruption . Available online at: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015477.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Heilbrunn , J. R. 2004 . Anti-Corruption Commissions: Panacea or Real Medicine to Fight Corruption? . Available online at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/WBI/Resources/wbi37234Heilbrunn.pdf 8
   Google Scholar
• Heylighen , F. 2002 . Deterministic Chaos . Available online at: http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/CHAOS.html
   Google Scholar
• Hyslop , J. 2005 . Political Corruption: Before and After Apartheid . Journal of Southern African Studies , 31 ( 4 ) : 773 – 789 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , M. 1994 . Comparing Corruption: Conflicts, Standards and Development (Draft) . Available online at: http://www.nobribes.org/documents/ipsaconf.doc (accessed 21 August 2005)
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , M. 1998a . “ The Definitions Debate: Old Conflicts in New Guises ” . In The Political Economy of Corruption , Edited by: Jain , A. K. London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , M. 1998b . “ Fighting Systemic Corruption: Social Foundations for Institutional Reform ” . In Corruption and Development , Edited by: Robinson , M. London : Frank Cass .
   Google Scholar
• Juarrero , A. 2000 . Dynamics in Action: Intentional Behaviour as a Complex System . Emergence , 2 ( 2 ) : 24 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaufmann , D. 2004 . Corruption Matters: Evidence-Based Challenge to Orthodoxy . Journal of Development: Policy and Practice , 1 ( 1 ) : 1 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Kickert , W. 1993 . “ Complexity, Governance and Dynamics: Conceptual Exploration of Public Network Management ” . In Modern Governance: New Government-Society Interactions , Edited by: Kooiman , J. London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Kiel , L. D. and Elliott , E. 1999 . “ Introduction ” . In Nonlinear dynamics, Complexity and Public Policy , Edited by: Elliott , E. and Kiel , L. D. New York : Nova Science .
   Google Scholar
• Klijn , E-H. 2008 . Complexity Theory and Public Administration: What's New?’ Key Concepts in Complexity Theory Compared to their Counterparts in Public Administration Research' . Public Management Review , 10 ( 3 ) : 299 – 317 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klitgaard , R. 1997 . Cleaning up and invigorating the civil service . Public Administration and Development , 17 ( 5 ) : 487 – 509 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurer , O. 2005 . Corruption: An Alternative Approach to its Definition and Measurement . Political Studies , 53 ( 1 ) : 222 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , S. A. 2003 . Complex Adaptive Systems: Exploring the Known, the Unknown and the Unknowable . Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society , 40 ( 1 ) : 3 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewin , R. 1992 . Complexity: Life at the Edge of Chaos , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Livneh , H. and Parker , R. M. 2005 . Psychological Adaptation to Disability: Perspectives from Chaos and Complexity Theory . Rehabilitation Counselling Bulletin , 49 ( 1 ) : 17 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas , C. 2004 . Attractors: Everywhere Order from Chaos . Available online at: http://www.calresco.org/attract.htm
   Google Scholar
• Lynch , T. D. and Lynch , C. E. n.d. . Applying Spiritual Wisdom . Available online at: http://www.pamij.com/7_1/7_1_02_lynch.pdf 22 (accessed November 2005)
   Google Scholar
• Mail & Guardian . 2007 . Report attacks SA crime and corruption . Available online at: http://www.mg.co.za/article/2007-01-29-report-attacks-sa-crime-and-corruption
   Google Scholar
• Mandela , N. R. 1994 . Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela , London : Little, Brown .
   Google Scholar
• Meagher , P. 2005 . Anti-Corruption Agencies: Rhetoric versus Reality . The Journal of Policy Reform , 8 ( 1 ) : 69 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Michael , B. 2004 . Explaining Organisational Change in International Development: The Role of Complexity in Anti-Corruption Work . Journal of International Development , 16 ( 8 ) : 1067 – 1088 .
   Google Scholar
• O'Sullivan , E. and Rassel , G. R. 1989 . Research Methods for Public Administrators , New York : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Olowu , B. 1999 . Combating Corruption and Economic Crime in Africa: An Evaluation of the Botswana Directorate of Corruption and Economic Crime . The International Journal of Public Sector Management , 12 ( 7 ) : 604 – 614 .
   Google Scholar
• Osborne , D. 1997 . “ Corruption as Counter-Culture: Attitudes to Bribery in Local and Global Society ” . In Corruption: The Enemy Within , Edited by: Rider , B. A.K. The Hague : Kluwer Law International .
   Google Scholar
• Pope , J. 2000 . Confronting Corruption: The Elements of a National Integrity System' (TI Source Book 2000) . Available online at: http://ww1.transparency.org/sourcebook/
   Google Scholar
• PricewaterhouseCoopers . 2005 . Global Economic Crime Survey 2005: South Africa . Available online at: http://www.pwc.com/za/ENG/pdf/pwc_GECS05SA.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Prigogine , I. and Stengers , I. 1984 . Order Out of Chaos: Man's New Dialogue with Nature , New York : Bantam Books .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , M. 1998 . “ Corruption and Development: An Introduction ” . In Corruption and Development , Edited by: Robinson , M. London : Frank Cass .
   Google Scholar
• Rouse , W. B. 2000 . Managing Complexity: Disease Control as a Complex Adaptive System . Information Knowledge Systems Management , 2 ( 2 ) : 143 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Rouvray , D. H. 2003 . “ An Introduction to Complexity ” . In Complexity in Chemistry: Introduction and Fundamentals , Edited by: Bonchev , D. and Rouvray , D. H. London : Taylor and Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Sangita , S.N. n.d. . Anti-Corruption Strategies, Concepts and Perspectives . Available online at: http://cvc.nic.in/vscvc/main4.htm
   Google Scholar
• School of Wisdom . 1995 . Fractal Chaos Crashes the Wall between Science and Religion . Available online at: http://www.fractalwisdom.com/FractalWisdom/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Shah , A. and Schacter , M. 2004 . Combating Corruption: Look Before You Leap . Finance & Development , : 40 – 43 . Available online at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2004/12/pdf/shah.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sherif , K. 2006 . An Adaptive Strategy for Managing Knowledge in Organisations . Journal of Knowledge Management , 10 ( 4 ) : 72 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Shim , D. C. and Eom , T. H. 2008 . E-Government and Anti-Corruption: Empirical Analysis of international data . International Journal of Public Administration , 31 ( 3 ) : 298 – 316 .
   Google Scholar
• Søreide , T. 2002 . Corruption in Public Procurement: Causes, Consequences and Cures . Available online at: http://www.cmi.no/publications/2002%5Crep%5Cr2002-1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , I. 1995 . Nature's Numbers: The Unreal Reality of Mathematics , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Teisman , G. R. 2008 . Complexity and Management of Improvement Programmes: An Evolutionary Approach . Public Management Review , 10 ( 3 ) : 341 – 359 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Transparency International . n.d. . TI Corruption Perceptions Index . Available online at: http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi (accessed 8 February 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Transparency International Hungarian Chapter . 2004 . Definitions of Corruption . Available online at: http://www.c3.hu/~tihun/eng/corr/corr.htm
   Google Scholar
• Udombana , N. J. 2003 . Fighting Corruption Seriously? Africa's Anti-Corruption Convention . Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law , 7 : 447 – 488 .
   Google Scholar
• Ulanowicz , R. E. 2005 . Fluctuations and Order in Ecosystem Dynamics . Emergence: Complexity & Organisation , 7 ( 2 ) : 14 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• UNPAN . 2002 . Combating Corruption for Development: The Rule of Law, Transparency and Accountability . Available online at: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan005786.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wheatley , M. J. 1999 . Leadership and the New Science: Discovering Order in a Chaotic World (Second Edition) , San Francisco : Berrett-Koehler .
   Google Scholar
• World Bank . 2004 . Mainstreaming Anti-Corruption Activities in World Bank Assistance: A Review of Progress Since 1997 . Available online at: http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/oed/oeddoclib.nsf/b57456d58aba40e585256ad400736404/048351b876971b9285256eed006aae69/$FILE/anti_corruption.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wraith , R. and Simpkins , E. 1963 . Corruption in Developing Countries , London : George Allen & Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Young , T. R. 1991 . Chaos and Social Change: Metaphysics of the Postmodern . Social Science Journal , 28 ( 3 ) : 289 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman , B. 1999 . Complexity Science: A Route Through Hard Times and Uncertainty . Health Forum Journal , 42 ( 2 ) : 42 – 47 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar