Active Citizenship: A Comparative Study of Selected Young and Established Democracies

References

• Abowitz, Kathleen Knight, and Jason Harnish. 2006. “Contemporary Discourses of Citizenship.” Review of Educational Research 76 (4): 653–690. doi: 10.3102/00346543076004653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander, Peter. 2010. “Rebellion of the Poor: South Africa's Service Delivery Protests—A Preliminary Analysis.” Review of African Political Economy 37 (123): 25–40. doi: 10.1080/03056241003637870
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almond, Gabriel Abraham, and Sidney Verba. 1963. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, Patrick. 2012. “South African People Power Since the Mid-1980s: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back.” Third World Quarterly 33 (2): 243–264. doi: 10.1080/01436597.2012.666011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çakmali, Didem. 2015. “Active Citizenship in Turkey: Learning Citizenship in Civil Society Organisations.” Citizenship Studies 19 (3–4): 421–435. doi: 10.1080/13621025.2015.1006174
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldeira, Teresa, and James Holston. 1999. “Democracy and Violence in Brazil.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 41 (4): 691–729. doi: 10.1017/S0010417599003102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlin, Ryan. 2006. “The Decline of Citizen Participation in Electoral Politics in Post-Authoritarian Chile.” Democratization 13 (4): 632–651. doi: 10.1080/13510340600791921
   Google Scholar
• Dalton, Russell J. 2008. “Citizenship Norms and the Expansion of Political Participation.” Political Studies 56: 76–98. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00718.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond, Larry Jay. 1994. “Toward Democratic Consolidation.” Journal of Democracy 5 (3): 4–17. doi: 10.1353/jod.1994.0041
   Google Scholar
• du Toit, Pierre, and Hennie Kotzé. 2011. Liberal Democracy and Peace in South Africa: The Pursuit of Freedom as Dignity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Holmes, Carolyn, and Brian Shoup. 2013. “Framing the Democratic Narrative: Local and National Voting Patterns in South Africa.” Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 51 (1): 56–75. doi: 10.1080/14662043.2013.752177
   Google Scholar
• Hoskins, Bryony, Jochen Jesinghaus, Massimiliano Mascherini, Guiseppe Munda, Michela Nardo, Michaela Saisana, Daniel Van Nijlen, Daniele Vidoni, and Ernesto Villalba. 2006. “Measuring Active Citizenship in Europe.” CRELL Research Paper 4. Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
   Google Scholar
• Huntington, Samuel. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University Of Oklahoma Press.
   Google Scholar
• Inglehart, Ronald. 1977. The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA). 2015a. “ Voter Turnout Data for Chile.” Accessed 16 November, 2015. from http://www.idea.int/vt/countryview.cfm?id=45.
   Google Scholar
• Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA). 2015b. “ Voter Turnout Data for South Africa.” Accessed 16 November, 2015 . from http://www.idea.int/vt/countryview.cfm?id=246.
   Google Scholar
• Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA). 2015c. “ Voter Turnout Data for South Korea.” Accessed 16 November, 2015. from http://www.idea.int/vt/countryview.cfm?id=122.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Sunwoong, and Kisuk Cho. 2004. “Political Cynicism, Public Interest Blackballing and Voter Turnout: The Case of South Korea's 2000 National Assembly Elections.” Japanese Journal of Political Science 5: 91–111. doi: 10.1017/S1468109904001331
   Google Scholar
• Kotzé, Hennie, and Pierre du Toit. 2006. “Data Analyses, Comparisons and Synthesis.” In Democracy Under Construction: Patterns from Four Continents, edited by Ursula van Beek, 305–334. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
   Google Scholar
• Kotzé, Hennie, and Pierre du Toit. 2010. “Civic Tolerance and Religiosity: Elites and Publics Compared.” In Democracy Under Scrutiny: Elites, Citizens, Cultures, edited by Ursula van Beek, 241–262. Leverkusen: Barbara Budrich.
   Google Scholar
• Kubicek, Paul. 2002. “The Earthquake, Civil Society, and Political Change in Turkey: Assessment and Comparison with Eastern Europe.” Political Studies 50: 761–778. doi: 10.1111/1467-9248.00006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kymlicka, Will, and Wayne Norman. 1994. “Return of the Citizen: A Survey of Recent Work on Citizenship Theory.” Ethics 104 (2): 352–381. doi: 10.1086/293605
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacIntosh, Randall. 1998. “Global Attitude Measurement: An Assessment of the World Values Survey Postmaterialism Scale.” American Sociological Review 63 (3): 452–464. doi: 10.2307/2657558
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mavundza, Bombi. 2015. “Xenofobiese Aanvalle: Weermag Snel Polisie te Hulp: Dinge Ruk Handuit, sê Mapisa-Nqakula.” Die Burger 22 April: 2.
   Google Scholar
• Melber, Henning. 2014. “South Africa's Elections 2014: More Than More of the Same?” Review of African Political Economy 41 (142): 645–651. doi: 10.1080/03056244.2014.976361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newton, Kenneth. 1997. “Social Capital and Democracy.” The American Behavioral Scientist 40 (5): 575–586. doi: 10.1177/0002764297040005004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newton, Kenneth. 2001. “Social Capital, Civil Society, and Democracy.” International Political Science Review 22: 201–214. doi: 10.1177/0192512101222004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newton, Kenneth. 2004. “Social Trust: Individual and Cross-National Approaches.” Portuguese Journal of Social Science 3 (1): 15–35. doi: 10.1386/pjss.3.1.15/0
   Google Scholar
• Norris, Pippa, and Ronald Inglehart. 2004. Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Przewlocka, Jadwiga. 2011. “Social Engagement of the Poles in 2010: Voluntary Work, Philanthropy, 1%.” Research Report. Klon/Jawor Association, Warsaw. pp. 1–45.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, Robert. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pye, Lucian. 1963. Communication and Political Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Silva, Patricio. 2004. “Doing Politics in a Depoliticised Society: Social Change and Political Deactivation in Chile.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 23 (1): 63–78. doi: 10.1111/j.1470-9856.2004.00096.x
   Google Scholar
• Singh, Shane. 2014. “Beyond Turnout: The Consequences of Compulsory Voting.” Political Insight September: 22–25. doi: 10.1111/2041-9066.12058
   Google Scholar
• Somers, Margaret R. 1995. “Narrating and Naturalizing Civil Society and Citizenship Theory: The Place of Political Culture and the Public Sphere.” Sociological Theory 13 (3): 229–274. doi: 10.2307/223298
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulusoy, Kivanç. 2009. “The Changing Challenge of Europeanization to Politics and Governance in Turkey.” International Political Science Review 30 (4): 363–384. doi: 10.1177/0192512109342525
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Beek, Ursula, ed. 2006. Democracy Under Construction: Patterns from Four Continents. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
   Google Scholar
• Van Beek, Ursula, ed. 2010. Democracy Under Scrutiny: Elites, Citizens, Cultures. Leverkusen: Barbara Budrich.
   Google Scholar
• Van Beek, Ursula. 2015. “Transition to Democracy in South Africa and Poland: The Genetic Approach.” Unpublished work. Stellenbosch University.
   Google Scholar
• Wnuk-Lipinski, Edmund. 2010. “Civic Culture, Citizenship and the Quality of Democracy.” In Democracy Under Scrutiny: Elites, Citizens, Cultures, edited by Ursula van Beek, 73–93. Leverkusen: Barbara Budrich.
   Google Scholar
• World Values Survey Association. 2015. “ Fieldwork and Sampling.” Accessed 28 October, 2015, from http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp.
   Google Scholar
• Zmerli, Sonja. 2010. “Social Capital and Norms of Citizenship: An Ambiguous Relationship?” American Behavioral Scientist 53 (5): 657–676. doi: 10.1177/0002764209350829
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar